A comparative study on artificial germination of two microsporidia under the neutralization method

Lamerin microspridia (Lbms) isolated from Lamerin breed of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, L. and the standard strain Nosema bombycis, were induced to germinate artificially by two-step procedure. Fresh percoll purified spores were activated by incubating them in potassium hydroxide solution (KOH) (pH 11.00) and germinated artificially by using phosphate buffer saline (PBS), (pH 7.00). Germinated spores appeared black under phase contrast microscope. Germination percentage amoung the microsporidia spores varied in different concentrations of KOH. The Lbms was found poor germinator as compared to Nosema bombycis in all the concentrations of the chemicals. The length of the extruded polar filament was also varied between the two microsporidia.
 
REFERENCES
Bhat, Sh.A. and Nataraju, B. (2004) Preliminary study on a Microsporidian isolate occurring in the Lamerin breed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. in India. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 2, 265 – 267.
Bhat, Sh.A. and Nataraju, B. (2005) A report on the impact of the microsporidian parasite on Lamerin breed of the silkworm Bombyx mori L. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 2, 143 – 145.
Brayan, R.T. (1995) Microsporidia, In G.L. Mandell, J.E., Bennett and Dolin, R. (ed.), Principles and practice of infectious diseases, 4 th ed. Churchill Livingstone, Inc., New York, N.Y., pp. 2513 -2524.
Canning, E.U. and Lom, J. (1986) The microsporidia of vertebrates. Academic press. Inc., New York, N.Y.
Canning, E.U. and Hollister, W.S. (1987) Microsporidia of mammals- widespread pathogens or opportunistic curiosities. Parasitolo. Today. 3‚ 267-273.
Canning, E. U. and Hollister, W S. (1992) The importance of microsporidia as opportunistic infectious in patients with acquires immune deficiency syndrome. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 4, 422-427.
Cantwell, G.E. (1974) Insect diseases. Vol. II, Marcel Dekkar Inc. New York, pp. 501-547. Fujiwara, T. (1980) Three microsporidians (Nosema spp.) from the silkworm Bombyx mori. J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. 49‚ 229-236.
Fujiwara, T. (1984a) A pleistophora like microsporidian isolated from the silkworm Bombyx mori. J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. 53, 398-402.
Fujiwara, T. (1984b) Thelohania sp. (Microsporidia; Thelohaniidae) isolated from the the silkworm Bombyx mori. J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. 53, 398-402.
 Fujiwara, T. (1985) Microsporidian from silkmoths in egg production Sericulture. J.Seric. Sci. Jpn. 54, 108-111.
Fujiwara, T. (1993) Comprehensive report on the silkworm disease control. A report on “Bivoltine Sericulture Technology Development in India” submitted to Central Silk Board, Bangalore, India, 110 p.
Govindan, R., Narayanaswamy, T.K. and Devaiah, M.C. (1998) Principles of silkworm pathology. ser. Scientific Publishers, Banagalore, India, 420 p.
 Issi, I.V. (1986) Microsporidia phylum of parasitic protozoa, Protozoology. (Leningrad) 10, 6- 136.
Keohan, E.M. and Weiss, L.M. (1999) The structure, function and composition of microsporidian polar tube, In The Microsporidia and Microsporopdiosis, pp. 196 – 224.
ASM Press, Washington, D. C. Larson, J.I.R. (1988) Identification of microsporidian genera (Protozoa, Microspora) – a guide with comments on the taxomony. Arch. Protistenkd. 136, 1-37.
Lom, J. and Vavr, J. (1963) The mode of sporoplasm extrusion in microsporidian spores. Acta. Porotozool. 1, 81 – 89.
Naegelli, K.W. (1857) Uber die neue Krankheit der Seidenraupe und verwandte organismen. Bot. Z. 15, 760-761.
Peer, Y.V.W. Ali, A.B. and Meyer, A. (2000) Microsporidia accumulating molecular evidence that a group of amitochondriate and suspectedly primative eukaryotes are just curious fungi. Gene. 246, 1-8.
Sasidharan, T.O. Singh, R.N. and Santha, P.C. (2003) Studies on the microsporidiosis of silkworm, B. mori, L. Annual Report- SSTL Banagalore, pp. 1-3.
Sato, R. and Watanabe, H. (1980) Purification of mature Microsporodian spores by iso density equilibrium centrifugation, J. Seric. Sci. Jpn. 49, 512-516.
Selvakumar, T., Nataraju, B., Chandrasekharan, K., Sharma, S.D., Balavenkatasubbaiah, M., Sudhakara, R., Thiagarajan, V. and Dandin, S.B. (2005) Isolation of a new microsporidian sp. (NIK-5hm) forming spores within the haemocytes of silkworm, B.mori L. Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 11, 63- 66.
Yasunaga, C., Funakoshi, M., Kawarabata, T. and Hayasaka, S. (1991) Infection and development of Nosema spp. NIS- M11 (Microsporida: Protozoa) in a Lepidopteron cell line. J. Seric. Sic. Japan. 60, 450-456.
Yasunaga, C., Funakoshi, M., Kawarabata, T. and Hayasaka, S. (1992) Comparative inoculation of Antheraea eucalypti (lipidoptera: Saturniidae) cell cultures with EDTA or KOH primed spores of Nosema Sp. NIS-M11 (Microsporida: Nosematidae), J. of Invert. Pathol. 6, 109-110.