Assessment of Yield Loss in Rice due to Yellow Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas, Using Simulation Models

The yield loss simulation (YLS) and the MACROS LIQ.CSM models were used to simulate the effect of stem borer damage at a detillering rate of 5, 15, 30, 60% at vegetative, panicle initiation and grain filing stages, on yield of rice cultivar?s Ratna. This stem borer damage during vegetative and panicle initiation stages was not simulated appropriately by both the models. Relatively MACROS simulated pest effects better than YLS at this stage. The predicted reduction in yield due to detillering at grain filling stage varied from 10.93-62.5 and 2.59-57.2% with the YLS and MACROS models, respectively in comparison to observed reduction of 4.8-56.1%. The simulated and observed pest effects on crop yield during grain filling stage were found to be comparable.
 
REFERENCES
 Boote, K. J., Jones, J. W., Mishoe, J. W. and Berger, R. D. (1983) coupling pests to crop growth simulators to predict yield reductions. Phytopathology, 73, 1581-7.
Dale, D. (1994) insect pests of the rice plant – their biology and ecology, pp. 363-485. In (Ed. E. A. Heinrichs), Biology and management of rice insects.wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi & IRRI, Philippines. p. 779
de Vries, F. W. P., Jansen, D. M., ten Berge, H. F. M. and Bakema, A. H. (1989) simulation of ecophysioogical processes of growth of several annual crops. Simulation monograhs. Pudoc, Wageningen, the Netherlands. pp. 201.
Khan, M. Q. (1967) Control of paddy stem borers by cultural practices, pp. 369-389. In Major Insect Pests of rice plant. John Hopkins Press, Baltimore, USA. Yield loss in Rice 62
Kropff, M.J., Van Laar, H.H. and ten Berge, H. F. M. (1993) ORYZA1, a basic model for irrigated Lowland rice production. In Simulation and Systems Analysis for Rice Production, (SARP), IRRI, Los Banos, TPEWAU, CABODLO, Wageningen. 89 p.
Kropff, M. J., Van Laar, H. H., Matthews, R. B. and ten Berge, H. F. M. (1994) ORYZA1, an ecophysiological model fore irrigated rice production. In Simulation And Systems Analysis for Rice Production, IRRI, Los Banos, TPE-WAU, CABODLO, Wageningen.  100 p.
 Nordh, M. B., Zavalete L. R. and Ruesink, W. G. 1988. Estimating multidimensional economic injury levels with simulation models. Agricultural Systems, 26, 19-33.
Panda, N., Samalo, A.P., Patra, N. C. and Reddy, T. G. (1976) Relative abundance of lepidopterous stalk borers of rice in Bhubaneswar. Indian J. Ent., 38, 301-304.
Pathak, M. D. (1975) Insect Pest of rice. IRRI, Philippines.
Prasad, J. S., Reddy, P. R., Nayak, S. K., Rao, K. S., and Panwar, M. S. (1992) Simulation of damage caused by the yellow stem borer and gall midge on rice. Oryza, 29, 253-258.
 Rabbinge, R., Ward, S.A. and Van Laar, H. H. (1989) Simulation and Systems Management in Crop Protection. Simulation Monograhs, PUDOC, Wageningen, The Netherlands. pp. 420.
Rubia, E. G. and de Vries, F. P. (1990) Simulation of yield reduction caused by stem borers in rice. J. Plant Prot. Trop., 7, 87-102.
Teng, P. S. and Savary, S. (1992) Implementing the system approach in pest management. In (Eds. Teng, P. S. and de Vries, F. P.) Systems approaches for agricultural development, Elsevier Applied Science, New York, 309 p.
Walker, P. T. 1975. Pest control problems (Pre-harvest) causing major in losses in world food supplies. FAO Plant Prot. Bull., 23: 70-77.
 Willocqet, L., Savary, S., Fernandez, L., Elazegui, F. and Teng, P. (1998) Simulation of yield losses caused by rice disease, insect and weeds in tropical Asia. IRRI, Philippines, 62 p.