Anatomical study with antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'H phenolic roots extract

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Biology, AL-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq

10.22124/cjes.2023.6762

Abstract

 Bacteria acquire resistance to antibacterial drugs, so there is always a need for new drugs to inhibit many human bacterial pathogens. Novel studies were carried out to examine the internal structures as well as the antibacterial effect of Erodium cicutarium phenolic root extracts (APR) on the development of biofilm formation of bacterial species, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus using four strains from both clinical and environmental samples in vitro. Anatomy of all the vegetative parts showed a presence of tannin-filled cells in their structures. Also, the experiments were conducted to study the antibacterial effect by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and susceptibility test of these strains for five antibiotics. Although the APR concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, and 1.625 μg mL-1; W/V) were used through antibiotic and biofilm inhibition assay. The result of sensitivity test showed more resistant to various antimicrobial especially Amoxicillin, Cephalothin and Methicillin for both bacterial strains. In addition, the MICs tested showed that the ranged values were in concentrations between 0.017 to 0.650 mg mL-1 for both K. pneumoniae and S. aureus strains. Furthermore, biofilm reduction assay results for treatments showed that the highest activity was obtained with phenolic root extracted, biofilm eradication at 1.3 mg mL-1. In conclusion, the results showed that relatively low concentrations of phenolic root extracts displayed promising antibacterial and antibiofilm capabilities making them attractive for additional studies as “novel therapeutic agents.”
 

Keywords

References

Abirami, P, Gomathinayagam, M & Panneerselvam, R 2012, PreliminaryStudy on the antimicrobial activity of Enicostemma littorale using different solvents. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 5: 552-555.
Ahmed, QA, Abdullah, SI, Taher, HM 2023, Effects of the alcoholic extract of ginseng roots and carob fruits in comparison with vitamin E in improving the efficiency of the male reproductive system of albino rabbits. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21: 815-826.
Al Helfy, MAA 2000, Systematic study of the genus Erodium in Iraq. PhD Dissertation, University of Basrah, Iraq.
Al Mayah, AA & Hammadi, KJ 1998, Vegetative anatomy of Polygonum (Polygonaceae). Basrah Journal of Science, 16: 55-62.
AL Musawi, AH 1979, A systematic study of the genus Hyoscyamus (Solanaceae). PhD Dissertation, University of Reading, UK, 96 p.
 AL Shahwany, AW, Tawfeeq, HK & Hamed, ShE 2016, Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of three phenolic plant extracts and silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 4: 12-18.
Al Snafi, AE 2017, A review on Erodium cicutarium: A potential medicinal plant. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4: 110-116.
Al Snafi, AE 2017, Therapeutic potential of Erodium cicutarium: A Review. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4:407-413.
AL Zubaidy, AMA 1998, Systematic study of the genera (Ajuga L., Marrubium L., Lallemanita Fisch. and C.A. Mey and Laminm L.) of Labiatae in Iraq. PhD Dissertation, Universityof Baghdad, Iraq.
Asadi Samani, M, Moradi, MT, Bahmani, M & Shahrani, M 2016, Antiviral medicinal plants of Iran: a review of ethnobotanical evidence. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 9: 427-434.
CLSI 2013, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. http://clsi.org/membership/current/my-clsi/.
Cox, PA & Balick MJ 1994, The ethnobotanical approach to drug discovery. Scientific American, 270: 82-87.
De la Cruz, H, Vilcapoma, G & Zevallos, PA 2007, Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Andean people of Canta, Lima, Peru. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111: 284-294.
Dengler, NG 2002, An integral part of Botany (Book review). American Journal of Botany, 89: 369-374.
Djenane, D, Yangüela, J, Derriche, F, Bouarab, L & Roncales P 2012, Use of olive leaf compounds as antimicrobial agents: Application for preserving fresh turkey meat. Natural Technology, 7: 53-61.
Duke, JA 2001, (Ed.) Handbook of Edible Weeds. CRC Press, Boca Ratón, FL.
Fiz, O, Vargas, P, Alarcon, ML & Aldasoro, JJ 2006, Phylogenetic relationships and evolution in Erodium (Geraniaceae) based on trnL-trnF sequences. Systematic Botany, 31: 739-763.
Hamad, MH, Hadi, ME & Alsaffar, MF 2023, Effects of some alcoholic extracts of propolis in ovulation and fertility rate of the ovary and oviduct in quail. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21: 317-323.
Harborne, JB 1984, Phytochemical methods. Chapman and Hall. New York, 2nd ed., 288 pp.
Iriani, F, Rakhmiati, R, Kertasari, VD, Handayani, EP, Zuyasna, Z, W. Yanuastri, P 2023, Secondary metabolite compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves in two different urban altitude locations, Indonesia. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21: 1065- 1071.
Ismaeel, ZAL 2022, Comparative anatomical study for some wild species belong to Amaranthaceae and Compositae in Iraq. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 15: 1737-1743.
Kaya, C, Higgs, D, Ashraf, M, Alyemeni MN & Ahmad, P 2020, Integrative roles of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in melatonin-induced tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants to iron deficiency and salt stress alone or in combination. Physiologia Plantarum, 168: 256-277.
Latimer, AM, Jacobs, BS, Gianoli, E, Heger, T & Salgado Luarte, C 2019, Parallel functional differentiation of an invasive annual plant on two continents. AoB Plants, 11: 1-16.
Lazar, V 2011, Quorum sensing in biofilms: How to destroy the bacterial citadels or their cohesion/power. Anaerobe, 17: 280-285.
Lee, JH 2003, Methicillin (Oxacillin)-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from major food animals and their potential transmission to humans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69: 6489-6494.
Mason, RL, Gunst, RF & Hess, JL 2003, Statistical design and analysis of experiments. Welly-Interscience, New Jersey.
McBain, AJ, Ledder, RG, Srinivasan, P & Gilbert, P 2004, Selection for high-level resistance by chronic triclosan exposure is not universal. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53: 772-777.
Metcalfe, CR & Chalk, L 1950, Anatomy of Dicotyledons. Vol. 1. Clarendon press. Oxford. PP. 1500.
Molares, S & Ladio, A 2009, Ethnobotanical review of the Mapuche medicinal flora: Use patterns on a regional scale. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 122: 251-260.
Munekata, PES, Alcántara, C, Collado, MC, Garcia Perez, JV, Saraiva, JA, Lopes, RP, Barba, FJ, do Prado Silva, L, Sant′Ana, AS, Fierro, EM & Lorenzo, JM 2019, Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activity of Erodium species: a review. Food Research International, 126: 108659.
Ncube, B, Finnie, JF & Van Staden J 2012, In vitro antimicrobial synergism within plant extract combinations from three South African medicinal bulbs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139: 81-9. 
OECD 2001, Guidelines for testing of chemicals. Acute oral toxicities up and down procedure, OECD Publishing, 425: 1-26.
OECD 2008, Test no. 425: Acute oral toxicity: Up-and-down procedure, OECD Publishing.
Özgen, U, Kaya, Y & Houghton, P 2012, Folk medicines in the villages of Ilıca District (Erzurum, Turkey). Turkish Journal of Biology, 36: 93-106.
Pieroni, A & Cattero, V 2019, Wild vegetables do not lie: comparative gastronomic ethnobotany and ethnolinguistics on the Greek traces of the Mediterranean diet of southeastern Italy. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 33: 198-211.
Rajaei, P & Mohamadi, N 2012, Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Hezar mountain allocated in south east of Iran. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 11: 1153-1167.
Safa, O, Soltanipoor, MA, Rastegar, S, Kazemi, M, Dehkordi, KN & Ghannadi, AR 2012, An ethnobotanical survey on Hormozgan Province, Iran. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 3: 64-81.
Saising, J, Dube, L, Ziebandt, AK, Voravuthikunchai, SP, Nega, M & Götz F 2012, Activity of Gallidermin on Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 56: 5804-5810.
Seguin, JC, Walker, RD, Caron, JP, Kloos, WE, George, CG, Hollis, RJ, Jones, RN & Pfaller, MA 1999, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreak in a veterinary teaching hospital: Potential human-to-animal transmission. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37: 1459-1463.
Tene, V, Malagón, O, Finzi, PV, Vidari, G, Armijos, C & Zaragoza, T 2007, An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111: 63-81.
Tsay, RW, Siu, LK, Fung, CP & Chang FY 2002, Characteristics of bacteremia between community-acquired and nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniaee infection: risk factor for mortality and the impact of capsular serotypes as a herald for community- acquired infection. Archives of Internal Medicine, 162: 1021-7.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 22, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 137-146

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics