Secondary metabolite compounds of Moringa oleifera leaves in two different urban altitude locations, Indonesia

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Agrotechnology Department, Insan Cendekia Mandiri University, Bandung, Indonesia

2 Dharma Wacana Metro College of Agricultural Sciences, Jalan Kenenga No. 3, Mulyojati, Metro, Indonesia

3 Sjakhyakirti University, XPXV+6PM, Jl. Sultan Muhammad Mansyur Kb Gede, 32 Ilir, Kec. Ilir Bar. II, Kota Palembang, Sumatera Selatan 30145, Indonesia

4 Dharma Wacana Metro College of Agricultural Sciences, Indonesia

5 Shia Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

6 Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM.21, Hegarmanah, Kec. Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat 45363, Indonesia

10.22124/cjes.2023.6414

Abstract

Moringa plants from the Moringa oleifera species are widely cultivated and used by residents in tropical regions, including Indonesia. Indonesians generally in rural areas use this plant as food and traditional medicine. The development of knowledge followed by the results of recent experiments, shows that all moringa organs contain secondary metabolite compounds that are  beneficial to humans, especially as a source of good nutritious nutrition, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, anticancer, and able to increase the body's immunity. The cultivation of moringa as yard plants in housing is still not popularly carried out by urban residents. In addition to functioning as a source of food, medicine, it is also able to function ecologically for the surrounding environment. The adaptation of growing moringa in an altitude area is quite wide, ranging from 0-1000 m above sea level. This study, conducted in March-April 2022, aimed to analyze the type of diversity and concentration of secondary metabolite compounds in the moringa leaf organs planted at two different altitudes, including the origin of housing in Turangga Village, Bandung City at an altitude of 696 masl and the origin of housing in Kenjeran Village, Surabaya City at an altitude of 4 masl in Indonesia. The analyses of moringa leaf extract through a QP-2010 type  chromatography tool identified more phytochemical diversity than those from Bandung, including carbinol, methyl cyclopentane, n-Hexane, neophytadiene, hexa decane, pronalol alaniol, methyl palmitate, and eicosyne. Meanwhile, moringa leaf extract from Surabaya, the dominant type of carbinol was identified, followed by acetic acid, and methyl hydroxylate. The results of the analysis recommend that moringa is effectively used as urban farming to meet food sources, while improving the ecological quality of the surrounding environment.  Meanwhile, to improve the quality of phytochemical diversity, it is recommended  that the cultivation of moringa should be in moderate rainfall areas with average daily air temperatures ranging from 20 ºC to 30 ºC and high soil moisture.

Keywords

References

Agustin, T 2020, Potential active metabolites in cruciferous vegetables to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Journal Penelitian Perawat Professional, 2: 459-472. e-ISSN 2715-6885 http://jurnal.globalhealthsci encegroup.com/index.php/JPPP  [Accessed on August 10th, 2022].
Al-Hadidy, AAA & Mostafa, SO 2022, Hormonal and histological study on the protective effect of Moringa oleifera against chromium toxicity. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20: 477-489.
Antaranews 2022, https://antaranews.com [Accessed on August 22th, 2022].
BMKG Bandung City 2022, https://data.bandung.go.id [Accessed on April 20th, 2022].
BMKG Surabaya City 2022, https://ww w.surabaya.go.id [Accessed on June 29th, 2022].
Dhakar, RC, Maurya, SD, Pooniya, BK, Bairwa, N & Gupta, M 2011, Moringa: the  herbal gold to combat malnutrition. Journal Chronicles of Young Scientists, 2:119-125.
Handayani, PA & Nurcahyanti, H 2015, Essential oil of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) leaves extraction using water maceration and distillation method. Journal of Renewable Natural Materials, 4: 1-7.
Ikrarwati & Anisatun, NR 2018, Cultivation of Okra and Moringa in pots. Centre for the    study of agricultural technology (BPTP), Jakarta, Indonesia.
Isnan, W & Nurhaedah M 2017, Various benefits of Moringa plants for the community     (Moringa oleifera lamk.). EBONI, 14: 63-75.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia 2021, Moringa leaf recommendations as an    anti-COVID 19 supplement. Ministry of Health of RI
Karyasari, Garden Medical Plants 2005, Professional training materials for medicinal plants. Book I. Bogor, Indonesia.
  Kusbiantoro, D. and Y. Purwaningrum. (2018). Utilization of secondary metabolite in the turmeric plant to increase community income. Journal Kultivasi, 17: 544-549.
Kurniasih, 2020, Properties & benefits of Moringa leaves. New Library Press, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 182 p.
  Mandrich, L & Caputo, E 2020, Brassicaceae-derived anticancer agents: towards a green approach to beat cancer. Nutrients, 12: 868. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.8002  [Accessed on August 16th 2022).
Melesse, A, Steingass, H, Boguhn, J, Schollenberger, M & Rodehutscord, M 2012, Altitudinal and seasonal variations in nutritional composition of leaf and green pod fractions of Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera. Agroforestry Systems, 86: 505-518.
Paikra, BK, Dhongade, HKJ & Gidwani, B 2017, “Phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera Lam.”. Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 20:194-200.
Plantation Development Research Center 2021, Pocket book of medical plants. Ministry of Agriculture of RI.
Razis, AFA, Ibrahim, MD & Kantayya, SB 2014, Health Benefits of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 15: 8571-8576.
Saa, RW, Fombang, EN, Ndjantou, EB & Njintang, NY 2019, Treatments and uses of Moringa oleifera seeds in human nutrition: A review. Food Science & Nutrition. 7:1911-1919. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1057
Santoso, BS 2020, Moringa plant in pots. Publishing LPPM Mataram University, Mataram   University Press, Mataram, Indonesia.
The Prancis Crick Institute 2022, Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) the research on cancer. https://www.crick.ac.uk/news/2022-05-30-unique-immune-cell-linked-to-better-lung- cancer-survival [Accessed on June 8th, 2022].
Wickramasinghe, YWH, Wickramasinghe, I, Wijesekora, I 2020, Effect of stem blanching, dehydration temperature & time, on the sensory, and nutritional properties of a herbal tea developed from Moringa oleifera leaves. International Journal of Food Science, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5376280.
Winarno, G 2004. Food chemistry and nutrition. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Publishing, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Winarno, FG 2018, Moringa plants (Moringa oleifera) nutritional value, benefits, and    business potential. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama Publishing. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Zula, AT, Ayele, DG, Egigayhu, WA 2021, Proximate composition, anti-nutritional    content, microbial load, and sensory acceptability of noodles formulated from Moringa    (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder and wheat flour blend. International Journal of Food Science, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6689247.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 21, Issue 5
Special Issue: Enviroment & Economy
December 2023
Pages 1065-1071

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics