Prevention of acute ammonia toxicity in beluga, Huso huso, using natural zeolite

Et, Al; Farhangi, M.

Prevention of acute ammonia toxicity in beluga, Huso huso, using natural zeolite

Authors

al et ¹
M. Farhangi ²

¹ 0

² *, H. Gholipour Kanani1, A. Aliakbariyan2 and M. Kashani3

Abstract

This study was accomplished to examine the efficiency of natural zeolite in preventing acute toxicity of total ammonia to Huso huso. The study was performed using Water Static Method in 96 hours. Fish averaged 46 ? 5 g in weight and 22 ? 4 cm in total length were exposed to four different concentrations (15, 30, 50, 75 mgL-1) of ammonia and a group was considered as control. Under stable condition, the lethal concentration of ionized ammonia was 75 mgL-1 in 96 hours. In the lethal concentration of total ammonia, different amounts of 5, 10, 15 g.L-1 granulated clinoptilolite zeolite were used. Results indicated significant differences between treatments and control (p<0.05). By increasing Clinoptilolite zeolite in each treatment, the survival rate of fish also increased significantly (p<0.05). In lethal concentration of ammonia, the use of 15 g.L-1 zeolite could prevent the mortality rate. Histopathological findings showed that major lesions in gill filaments included hemorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia, epithelial cells necrosis. There were hemorrhage, hyperemia, degenerated tubules of kidney, expansion of Bowman's capsule in kidney and hepatocytes necrosis in liver.

Keywords

References

Abdullah, S. &Muhammad, J (2006) Studies on acute toxicity of metals to the fish, Catla catla. Pakistan Journal of Biology Sciences,9: 1807-1811.Bancroft, J.D., Stevens, A.& David, R.T. (1990)Theoryand practice of histologicaltechniques. 3rd ed. ChurchillLivingstone.Bergero, D., Boccignone, M.&Palmegiano, G.B (1994) Ammonia removal capacity of European natural zeolite tuffs: Application to aquaculture waste water. Aquaculture and Fisheries,25:81-86.Colt, J (2006)Water quality requirements for reuse systems. Aquacultural Engineering,34: 143-156.Farhangi, M (2010) In vitro,Determination of LC5096h of ZnSO4on common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 2nd International congress on aquatic animal health management and disease, 26-27 October, Tehran-Iran.Farhangi, M. &Hajimoradloo, A.M (2008) The study of clinical signs of acute toxicity by ammonia on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The first national conference on the Caspian Sea fisheries resources. 9-10 November, Gorgan, Iran.Frias-Espericueta, M.G (1999) Acute toxicity of ammonia to juvenile shrimp penaeus vannamei Boon. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 62:646-652. Giguere, A., Campbell, P.G.C., Hare,L., McDonald, D.G. &Rasmussen, J.B (2004)Influence of lake chemistry and fish age on cadmium, copper, zinc concenterationsin various organs of indigenous yellow perch (Perca flavescens). Canadian Fisheries andAquaculture Sciense, 61: 1702-1716.Gul, A., Yilmaz, M. & Isilak, Z.(2009)Acutetoxicity of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.H2O) to Guppies (Poecilia reticulate). Journal of Science, 22 : 59-65.James, R., Sampath, K.&Selvanami, P.(2000) Effect of ion-exchanging agent, zeolite on removal of copper in water and improvement of growth in Oreochromismossambicus. Asian Fisheries Science, 13: 317-325.Lemarie ́, G., Dosdat, A., Coves, D., Dutto, G., Gasset, E. &Ruyet,J.P.G (2004) Effect of chronic ammonia exposure on growth of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquaculture, 229: 479-491.Lemus, M.J. &Hung, K.S.C (1999) Effect of temperature on copper toxicity, Accumulation and purification in tropical fish juveniles Peteniakraussii(Pisces: Cichlidae). Caribbean Journal of Science,35 : 64-69.Lloyed, R (1996) Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the toxicity of several poisons to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). Journalof Experimental Biology,38:447-455. Olaifa, F.E., Olaifa,A.K. &Onwude, T. E (2004)Lethal and sub lethal effects of copper to African catfish (Clariasgariepinus).African Journal of Biomedical Research,7: 65 -70.Ololade, A. & Oginni, I (2010) Toxic stress and hematological effects of African catfish, Clariasgariepinus, fingerlings.Farhangiet al.,275Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,2 : 14-19.Peyghan, R.(1999)Study of experiential of acute toxicity by ammonia in common carp (Cyprinuscarpio) based on histopathological changes and serum enzymes and possibility of prevent it by zeolite. Dissertation of Aquatic Animal Health Management and Diseases.Tehran University. 104p. Shemshadi, R.,Arvand, M., Efendiev, A.A. &Zeynalov, N.A.(2012)Application of synthetic polymers as adsorbents for the removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions: Batch experimental studies.Caspian JournalofEnvironmental Sciences,10:1-8.Silapajarn, O., Silapajarn, K. &Boyd, C.(2006) Evaluation of Zeolite Products Used for Aquaculture in Thailand. Word Aquaculture Society, 37: 136-138.Sprague, J. B (1969) Measurement of pollution toxicity to fish: I bioassay method for acute toxicity. Water Research, 3:793-821. Tuurala, H. & Soivio, A (1982) Structural and circulatory changes in the secondary lamellae ofSalmogairdnerigills to dehydioabietic acid and zinc.AquaticToxicology.2: 21-29.Witeska, M. &Jezierska, B (2003) The effect of environmental factors on metal toxicity to fish. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,12: 824-829. Wang, Y.&Walsh, P.J.(2000) High ammonia tolerance in fishes of the family Batrachoididae (Toadfish and Midshipmen). Aquatic Toxicology.50: 205-219.Wong, M.H.,Luk, K.C. &Choi, K.Y (1977)The effects of zinc and copper salts on Cyprinus carpioand Ctenopharyngodon idellus.Acta Anatomica Journal,99: 450-454.