Benthic Macroinvertabrate distribution in Tajan River Using Canonical Correspondence Analysis

Authors

1 O. Rafieyan*1, A. A. Darvishsefat2, S. Babaii1, A. Mataji1

2 M. Sharifinia

Abstract

The distribution of macroinvertebrate communities from 5 sampling sites of the Tajan River were used to examine the relationship among physiochemical parameters with macroinvertebrate communities and also to assess ecological classification system as a tool for the management and conservation purposes. The amount of variation explained in macroinvertebrate taxa composition is within values reported in similar studies. Results of CCA ordination showed that the dissolved oxygen, water temperature, turbidity, pH and TSS were the most important physico- chemical factors to influence distribution of macroinvertebrate communities. The study revealed that macroinvertebrate communities of the Tajan River may be explained by physiochemical parameters. Mean values of Shannon?Wiener diversity index calculated for macroinvertebrates ranged from 1.35? 0.07 (S5) to 1.86? 0.10 (S1). According to the Shannon?Wiener diversity index the S1 sampling site was categorized in ??good?? and the sampling sites S2 and S3 in ??moderate?? and S5 in ??moderate to substantially polluted? classes. The anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. trout farms and effluents from factories) impacted abundance and diversity of macroinvertebrate.

Keywords


Arienzo, M., Adamo, P., Bianco, M. R. and Violante, P. ( 2001) Impact of land use and urban runoff on the contamination of the Sarno River Basin in Southern Italy. Water Air Soil Pollution. 131: 349–366.
 
Armitage, P. D., Moss, D., Wright, J. F. and Furse, M. (1983)The performance of a new biological water quality score system based on macroinvertebrates over a wide range of unpolluted running-water sites. Water Research. 17 (3): 333–347.
 
Axler, R. P., Tikkanen, C., Henneck,J., Schuldt, J. and McDonald, M. E. (1997) Characteristics of effluent and sludge from two commercial rainbow trout farms in Minnesota. The Prog Fish-Culture. 59: 161-172.
 
Barbour, M. T., B. D. Gerritsen, B. D. Synder and J. B. Stribling (1999) Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use in Wadeable Streams and Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish, 2nd edn. EPA 841-b-99-002. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington,
 
D. C.Bartoli, M., Nizzoli, D., Longhi, D., Laini, A. and Viaroli, P. (2007) Impact of a trout on the water quality of an Apennine creek from daily budgets of nutrients. Chemical Ecology. 23: 1–11.
 
Bis, B., Zdanowicz, A. and Zalewski, M. (2000) Effect of catchment properties on hydrochemistry, habitat complexity and invertebrate community structure in a lowland river. Hydrobiologia. 422/423: 369–387.Boaventura, R., Pedro, A. M., Coimbra, J. and Lencastre, E. (1997) Trout farm effluents: Characterization and impact on the receiving streams. Environment Pollution, 95, 379-387.
 
Boyd, C. E. and Gautier, D., 2000. Effluent composition and water quality
Benthic Macroinvertabrate distribution...190standards. Advocate. 3: 61-66.Bustos-Baez, S. and Frid, C. C. (2003) Using indicator species to assess the state of macrobenthic communities. Hydrobiologia 496, 299–309.
 
Cairns Jr., J., 1981. Review paper: Biological monitoring. Part VI Future needs. Water Research. 15: 941–952.
 
Camargo, J. A. (1992) Structural and trophic alterations in macrobenthic communities downstream from a fish farm outlet. Hydrobiology. 242: 41-49.
 
Camargo, J. A. (1994) The importance of biological monitoring for the ecological risk-assessment of freshwater pollution: A case study. Environment International. 20: 229-238.
 
Courtemanch, D. L, Davies S. P. and Laverty, E. B. (1989) Incorporation of biological information in water quality planning. Environmental Management. 13: 35–41.
 
Davis, J. (1993) Survey of aquaculture effluents permitting and 1993 standards in the South. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, SRAC Publication no. 465. USA, 4 pp.
 
Death, R. G. (2000) Invertebrate-substratum relationships. In: Collier, K. J.; Winterbourn, M. J. (eds). New Zealand stream invertebrates: ecology and implications for management, New Zealand Limnological Society, pp. 157-178.
 
Dinsmore, B. H.(1968) The aquatic ecology of Toms Run, Clarion country, Pennsylvania, preceding watershed reclamation. Report to the Penn. Dep. Mines and mineral Ind., Bureau of Coal research and Penn. Dep. Health, Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, Division of Water Quality, Publication, 21.
 
DOE (Department of Environment Malaysia). (2001) Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2000. Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Malaysia. Maskha Sdn. Bhd. Kuala Lumpur, 86pp.DOE (Department of Environment Malaysia). (2002) Malaysia Environmental Quality Report 2001.
 
Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment Malaysia.Dudgeon, D. (1992) Endangered ecosystems: a review of the conservation status of tropical Asian rivers. Hydrobiologia. 248: 167–91.
 
Edmanson, W. T. (1959)Freshwater Biology. John Wiley and Sons. Inc, U.S.A. 1248 P.Griffith, M. B., Kaufmann, P. R., Herlihy, A. T. and Hill, B. H. (2001) Analysis of macroinvertebrate assemblages in relation to environmental gradients in Rocky Mountain streams. Ecological Applications. 11: 489–505.
 
Harding, J. S., Quinn, J. M. and Hickey, C. W. ( 2000) Effects of mining and production forestry. In: Collier, K. J., Winterbourn, M.J. (ed) New Zealand stream invertebrates: ecology and implications for management, New Zealand Limnological Society, pp. 230-259.
 
Hauer, F. R. and Hill, W. R. (1996) Temperature, light, and oxygen. In: Hauer FR, Lamberti GA, editors. Methods in stream ecology. San Diego, Academic Press, pp. 93–106.
 
Hellawell, J. M. (1986)Biological indicators of freshwater pollution and environmental management. In: Melanby, K. (Ed.), Pollution Monitoring Series. Amsterdam, Elsevier 546pp.Hughes, B. D. (1978) The influence of factors other than pollution on the value of Shannon’s diversity index for bentic macroinvertebrates in stream. Water Research. 12: 359-371.INDRHI. (1999)
 
Estrategias del programa cultura del agua. Santo Domingo.Jaccard, P. (1942) The distribution of flora in the alpine zone. New Phyology. 11: 37–50.Jiongxin, X. (2004) A study of anthropogenic seasonal rivers in China. Catena. 55: 17–32.
 
Jones, J. G., 1990. Pollution from fish farms. J. Inst. WaterEnvironmentalManagement, 4, 14–18.
 
Jowett, I. G., Richardson, J., Biggs, B. J. F., Hickey, C. W. and Quinn, J. M. (1991) Microhabitat preferences of benthic invertebrates and the development of generalised Deleatidiumsp. habitat suitability curves, applied to four New Zealand Rivers. New Zealand Journal of Sharifiniaet al.,191Marine and Freshwater Research. 25: 187-199.
 
Kamali, M., Esmailisari, A., Kaivan, A. and Naderi, M. (2009) Biomonitoring Lasm River use of macroinvertebrates, Iran. Science Environmental. 1: 51-61.
 
Karr, J. R. and E. Chu. (1999) Restoring life in running waters: better biological monitoring. Island Press, Washington, D.C.Lawson, T. B., 1995. Fundamentals of Aquaculture Engineering. Chapman and Hall, New York, 335pp.
 
Lloyd, D. S., Koenings, J. P. and LaPerriere, J. D. (1987) Effects of turbidity in fresh waters of Alaska. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. 7: 18-33.
 
MacNeil, C., Dick, J. T. A., Bigsby, E., Elwood, R. W., Montgomery, W. I., Gibbins, C. N. and Kelly, D. W. (2002) The validity of the Gammarus: Asellus ratio as an index of organic pollution: abiotic and biotic influences. Water Research. 36: 75–84.
 
Mandaville, S. M. (2002)Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Freshwater-Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols. Soil and Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax.Mason, C. F. (1996) Biology of freshwater pollution. Edingbourgh: Addison-Wesley Longman Ltd. Mason, C.F. and Parr, B.L. (2003) Long-term trends in water quality and their impact on macroinvertebrate assemblages in eutrophic lowland rivers. Water Research. 37: 2969–2979.
 
Masoudiyan, M., Falahiyan, F., Nejadsattari, T., Metaji, A. and Khavarinejad, R. (2010)Epilitic diatoms in Tajan River, Mazandaran province. Biological Knowledge Iran. 4: 57-66.
 
McCune, B. and Mefford, M. J. (1999) Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, OR.McIntosh, R. P. (1967) An index of diversity and the relation of certain concepts to diversity. Ecology. 48:392-405.
 
Midlen, A. and Redding, T.A. (1998) Environmental Management for Aquaculture. Kluwer Academic Publishers, London: 215pp.
 
Nedeau, E. J., Merritt, R. W., Kaufman and M. G. (2003)The effect of an industrial effluent on an urban stream benthic community: water quality vs. habitat quality. Environmental Pollution. 123: 1–13.
 
Needham, J. G. (1976)A guide to the study of freshwater biology. Holden Sanfrancisco 107 p.
 
Newcombe, C. P. and MacDonald, D. D. (1991) Effects of suspended sediments on aquatic ecosystems. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 11, 72-82.
 
Odum, E. P., J. T. Finn and Franz, E. H. (1979)Perturbation theory and the subsidy-stress gradient. Bioscience. 29: 349–352.
 
Ogbeibu, A. E. and Oribhabor, B. J. (2002) Ecological impact of river impoundment using benthic macro-invertebrates as indicators. Water Research. 36: 2427–2436.
 
Oscoz, J., Leunda, P. M., Miranda, R. and Escala, M. C. (2005)Calidad biolo ́ gica de las aguas en el RI’o Erro (Navarra, N Espana) (2001–2002). Ecologı’a. 19: 59–74.
 
Paavola, R., Muotka, T. and Tikkanen, P. (2000) Macroinvertebrate community structure and species diversity in humic streams of Finnish Lapland. Verh. int. Verein. Limnologica. 27: 2550–2555.
 
Pamplin, P. A. Z., Almeida, T. C. M. and Rocha, O. (2006)Composition and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Americana Reservoir (SP, Brazil). Acta Limnologica. 18: 121-132.
 
Parsons, J. D. (1968) The effects of acid strip-mine effluents on the ecology of a stream. Archs Hydrobiologica.65: 25-50.
 
Payne, A. I. (1986) The ecology of tropical lakes and rivers. Chichester: Wiley.
 
Pennak, R. W. (1953)Freshwater invertebrates of United States. The Ronald Press Company, 769 p.
 
Pennsylvania department of health. (1967) Bureau of environmental health, division of sanitary engineering report to the sanitary water board on pollution of slippery rock creek. Publication, 17, 109 pp.
 
Pescador, M. L., Rasmussen, A. K. and Harris, S. C. (2004)Identification Benthic Macroinvertabrate distribution...192manual for the caddis fly (Trichoptera) larvae of Florida, Department of Environmental Protection, Florida.Quigley, M. (1986) Invertebrates of streams and rivers. Head of studies in environmental biology, Nene College, Northampton, Edward Arnold, 83 p.
 
Rawlins, B. G., Ferguson, A. F., Chilton, P. J., Arthurton, R. S., Rees, J. G. and Baldock, J. W. (1998) Review of agricultural pollution in the Caribbean with particular emphasis on small island developing states. Marine Pollution. 36: 658–68.
 
Richards, C., G. E. Host and Arthur, J. W. (1993) Identification of predominant environmental factors structuring stream macroinvertebrate communities within a large agricultural catchment. Freshwater Biology. 29: 285–294.
 
Riva-Murray, K., R. W. Bode, P. J. Phillips and Wall, G. L. (2002). Impact source determination with biomonitoring data in New York State: concordance with environmental data. Northeastern Naturalist. 9: 127–162.
 
Romachandra, T. V., Ahalya, N. and Murthy, C. R. (2005)Aquatic ecosystems Conservation, restoration and Management capital publishing Company.
 
Rosenberg, D. M. and Resh, V. H. (1993) Introduction to freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. In: Freshwater Biomonitoring and Benthic Macro invertebrates, D. M. Rosenberg and V. H. Resh (Eds), pp. 1 –9. Chapman and Hall, NewYork.
 
Ruiz-Zarzuela, I., Halaihel, N., Balcázar, J. L., Ortega, C., Vendrell, D., Perez, T., Alonso, J. L. and de Blas, I. (2009) Effect of fish farming on the water quality of rivers in northeast Spain. WST. 60: 663–671.
 
Ryan, P. A. (1991) Environmental effects of sediment on New Zealand streams: a review. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 25: 207-221.
 
Schletterer, M., Schönhuber, M. and Füreder, L. (2011) Biodiversity of diatoms and macroinvertebrates in an east European lowland river, the Tudovka River (Tver Region, Russia). Boreal Environment Research. 16: 79–90.
 
Selong, J. H. and Helfrich, L. A. (1998) Impacts of trout culture effluent on water quality and biotic communities in Virginia headwater streams. The Prog Fish-Culturist. 60: 247-262.
 
Shannon, C. E. and Wiener, W. (1964) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, USA.Silva-Benavides, A. M. (1996) The use of water chemistry and benthic diatom communities for qualification of a polluted tropical river in Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical. 44: 395–416.
 
Simoes, F. S., Moreira, A. B., Bisinoti, M. C., Gimenez, S. M. N. and Yabe, M. J. S. (2008) Water quality index as a simple indicator of aquaculture effects on aquatic bodies. Ecological Indicator. 8: 476–484.
 
Simpson, E. H. (1949) The measurement of diversity. Nature (London). 163:688.
 
Soininen, J. and Könönen, K. (2004) Comparative study of monitoring south-Finnish rivers and streams using macroinvertebrate and benthic diatom communitystructure. Aquatic Ecology. 38: 63–75.
 
Tachet, H., Richoux, H., Richoux, P., Oumaud, M. and Usseglio-Polatera, P. (2000) Invertebrates d Eau Douce. Systematique, Biologie, Ecologie, CNRS Editions Paris ISBN 2-271 057450.
 
ter Braak, C. J. F. (1986) Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology. 67: 1167-1179.
 
ter Braak, C. J. F. (1995) Ordination. In Jongman, R. H. C., C. J. F. ter Braak and O. F. R. Tongerenvan (eds), Data Analysis in Community and Landscape Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
 
UNE-EN 27828. (1994) Water quality. Methods of biological sampling. Guidance on hand net of aquatic macroinvertebrates (ISO 7828:1985).
 
Varnosfaderany, M. N., Ebrahimi, E., Mirghaffary, N. and Safyanian, A. (2010)Biological assessment of the Zayandeh Rud River, Iran, using benthic macroinvertebrates.
 
Limnologica. 40: 226–232.Sharifiniaet al.,193Washington, H. G. (1984) Diversity, biotic, and similarity indices. WaterResearch. 18: 653-670.
 
Waters, T. F. (1995) Sediment in streams. Sources, biological effects, and control. American Fisheries Society Monograph. 7: 1-251.
 
Wetzel, R. G. (1983)Limnology, second, Saunders college publishing, Philadelphia, Tokyo, London.Wilhm, J. L. and Dorris, T. C. (1968) Biological parameters for water criteria. Bioscience. 18: 477–481.
 
Wood, P. J. and Armitage, P. D. (1997) Biological effects of fine sediment in the lotic environment. EnvironmentalManagement. 22: 203-217.