Bioaccumulation of Nickel and Lead by Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon) and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) from Two Contaminated Soils

Soil and sediments of the estuaries and wetlands in Northwest of Persian Gulf are recently polluted with different heavy metals because of municipal and industrial wastewaters. Therefore an urgent soil cleaning up and remediation program is vital in this region. Consequently, this study was initiated to screen two plant species (Festuca arundinacea and Cynodon dactylon) for hyperaccumulation of nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) as one of the candidate methods for cleaning-up soil and sediments of Shadegan wetland. Soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected from two sites in the wetland. The soil samples were treated with solutions of Ni and Pb separately which resulted into content of 50 and 100 mg kg-1 of metals in each soil. Thereafter, the plants were sown in the soils under greenhouse conditions and harvested after 10 weeks. Ni and Pb contents were measured in root and shoot of plants. Results showed that accumulation of Ni and Pb in tall fescue roots were significantly (P<0.05) greater than that in Bermuda grass. The amounts of Pb in root and shoot of plants were increased when soil Pb contents were increased from 50 to 100 mg kg-1 while Ni contents were only increased in the roots in response to increase in soil Ni content. The comparing of the shoot-root ratio showed that Pb accumulation in the roots of both plants was higher than that in the shoots, while for Ni was reverse. Due to difference in backgrounds of soil metal contents and soil characteristics, accumulation of Ni and Pb by plants were different in two soils.
 
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