Biogeochemical migration of heavy metals in the soil-plant system of Taraz, Kazakhstan: Effects of phosphorus plant emissions

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

2 West Kazakhstan Innovative Technological University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan

3 Department of Civil Defense and Military Training, Malik Gabdullin Academy of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan

4 West Kazakhstan Innovative Technological University, Institute of education and management, Department of Physical Culture and Informatics, Uralsk, Kazakhstan

5 Departments “Animal Biology named after N.U. Bazanova”, Faculties “Veterinary and Zooengineering”, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

6 Non-profit limited company Akhmet Baitursyuli Kostanay regional University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Kostanay, Kazakhstan

7 Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

10.22124/cjes.2025.9204

Abstract

The article discusses the effects of emissions from the Taraz phosphorus plant on soil and vegetation. Analytical data showed that the soils of the investigated sites around the "Kazphosphate" plants, located at various distances from the main plant chimneys, are contaminated with mobile and total forms of zinc, cadmium, and copper. The contamination occurs to a depth of 0–30 cm in all directions according to the wind rose. These elements are the main soil pollutants. According to granulometric indicators, the soil is generally light in texture—sandy, loamy sand, and light loam. In these areas, there is a possibility of heavy metals leaching downward and entering groundwater, posing a threat to the surrounding ecosystem, including humans. Research results showed that the zinc and copper levels in plants were below hazardous thresholds. However, the cadmium and lead levels were several times higher than permissible limits, especially cadmium in the western direction and lead in all directions, particularly east and south. These zones require soil and plant heavy metal monitoring and bioremediation measures.

Keywords

References

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Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 4
October 2025
Pages 871-883

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