Production and biological characteristics of medium-ripened apple varieties in Western Kazakhstan

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Institute of veterinary and agrotechnology, Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan

2 Kazakh research institute of fruit & vegetable growing» LLP, Almaty, Kazakhstan

10.22124/cjes.2025.8946

Abstract

Performance tests of two crop seasons (2024-2025) were conducted in semi-drought conditions of western Kazakhstan at the experimental farm of Aktobe Province, Tarbaghatai Station, with the aim of evaluating the productive and biological characters of four local mid-season apple genotypes: Aport Kazakh, Bayanauli Red, Zurbash Talaei, and Alma-Ata 1. Tested cultivars were grafted onto Arm-18 and B7-35 rootstocks and supported by drip irrigation at water demand of 80%. The results showed large genotypic differences in phenological indicators with the highest ripening period for Zurbash Talaei (158 DAF). B7-35 rootstock provided 18.1% yield increment and 14.2% photosynthetic stability enhancement under drought condition. Qualitatively, Red Bianaoli had the maximum level of bioactive compounds (254.6 mg gallic acid equivalents 100 g-1) and antioxidant capacity (68.3 μmol TE g-1). This cultivar preserved best too, with 91.6% tissue firmness retained after 90 days storage under a controlled atmosphere. Drought stress increased phenolic compounds by 22.4% in Alma-Ata 1, indicating stimulation of secondary metabolic processes. The high negative correlation between yield and antioxidant capacity (r = -41%) revealed the inherent paradox between production potentiality and nutritional value. Based on the findings, Red Bianaoli was identified as a best option for sustainable orchard development keeping in mind several benefits including stress tolerance (drought tolerance index 0.92), richness in bioactive compounds, and long-term storage capacity. The result of this study provides functional solutions to optimizing the horticultural system and the establishment of protocols to preserve indigenous genetic resources against climate change.

Keywords

References

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Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 3
July 2025
Pages 699-705

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