Evaluation of female rats' genital system alterations caused by cadmium with consumption of total methanolic garlic extract

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agrobiotechnology, Department of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Senior Lecturer in Biology, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan

2 Deparyment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, Uzbekistan

3 Dotsent, Department of “General and Pediatric Surgery”, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

4 Assistant, Department of Agronomy, Navoi State University of Mining and Technologies, Navoiy, Uzbekistan

5 PhD, Assistant, Department of Neurology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

6 Associate Professor, Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

7 PhD, Senior Teacher, Department of Pharmaceuticals and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alfraganus University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

8 PhD, Law Enforcement Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

9 Lecturer, Department of Art Science, Karakalpak State University named after Berdak, Nukus, Republic of Karakalpakstan

10 Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Shota Rustaveli Street 156, 100121, Тashkent, Uzbekistan

10.22124/cjes.2025.8733

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant linked to various health issues, particularly in reproductive health. Garlic (Allium sativum) is noted for its numerous health benefits, including its potential positive effects on women's reproductive health. Despite its recognized therapeutic properties, research specifically addressing garlic's impact on the female reproductive system remains limited, prompting the need for further investigation into its protective effects against cadmium-induced toxicity. This study investigates the protective effects of methanolic garlic extract (GE) against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in female rats, focusing on its impact on hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as histopathological changes in the uterus. A total of twenty-one healthy female mice were divided into three groups: one receiving Cd treatment, another receiving GE, and a control group. The experiment lasted eight weeks, during which various parameters were assessed. Results indicated that Cd exposure led to significant increases in liver enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP) and caused moderate edema in the endometrium, characterized by the separation of endometrial stromal cells and hyperplasia of the uterine mucosa and glandular epithelium. Conversely, treatment with GE at a dosage of 300 mg/kg resulted in a statistically significant reduction in these liver enzyme levels and ameliorated the histopathological changes in the uterus, including decreased edema and hyperplasia. Additionally, hematological assessments revealed that GE treatment normalized the counts of red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocytes, which were adversely affected by Cd exposure. The findings suggest that garlic extract possesses detoxifying properties that can mitigate the adverse effects of cadmium on the female reproductive system. This research highlights the potential of incorporating garlic into dietary practices or using it as an adjunct in chelation therapy for Cd toxicity treatment, emphasizing its beneficial role in maintaining reproductive health and liver function in the context of heavy metal exposure.

Keywords

References

Akter, R, Neelotpol, S & Kabir, MT 2022, Effect of Allium sativum methanol extract in amelioration of arsenic-induced toxicity in Swiss albino mice. Phytomedicine Plus, 2: 100192.
Amanpour, P, Eftekhari, Z, Eidi, A & Khodarahmi, P 2024, Ameliorative mechanism of dietary vitamin d and magnesium on newborn’s pulmonary toxicity induced by cadmium. Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for  Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS), 84: 127469.
Bashir, Y, Tahir, M & Lone, K 2017, Effect of aqueous garlic extract on androgen induced changes in ovaries of prepubertal female albino rats. Biomedica, 33.
Dorrigiv, M, Zareiyan, A & Hosseinzadeh, H 2020, Garlic (Allium sativum) as an antidote or a protective agent against natural or chemical toxicities: A comprehensive update review. Phytotherapy Research, 34: 1770-1797.
Eftekhari, Z 2020, Garlic: A brief overview of its interaction with chemical drugs. Plant Biotechnology Persa, 2: 31–32.
Eftekhari, Z, Bahmani, M, Mohsenzadeghan, A, Gholami Ahangaran, M, Abbasi, J & Alighazi, N 2012, Evaluating the anti-leech (Limnatis nilotica) activity of methanolic extract of Allium sativum L. compared with levamisole and metronidazole. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 21: 1219-1222.
Gheibi, P, Eftekhari, Z, Doroud, D & Parivar, K 2023, Association between uterine toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos and downregulation of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and L-selectin genes. Veterinary Research Forum: An International Quarterly Journal, 14: 45-52.
Gheibi, P, Eftekhari, Z, Doroud, D & Parivar, K 2020, Chlorpyrifos effects on integrin alpha v and beta 3 in implantation window phase. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27: 29530-29538.
Hosseini, SH, Bibak, H, Ghara, AR, Sahebkar, A & Shakeri, A 2021, Ethnobotany of the medicinal plants used by the ethnic communities of Kerman province, Southeast Iran. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 17: 31.
Jasim, SA, Abdelbasset, WK, Jawad, MA, Bokov, DO, Thangavelu, L & Manouchehri, A 2023, Tramadol toxicity phytotherapy: The protective role of medicinal plants against tramadol toxicity. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21: 227-243.
Jiao, M, Liu, X, Ren, Y, Wang, Y, Cheng, L, Liang, Y, Li, Y, Zhang, T, Wang, W & Mei, Z 2022, Comparison of herbal medicines used for women’s menstruation diseases in different areas of the world. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12: 751207.
Kimura, S, Tung, YC, Pan, M-H, Su, NW, Lai, YJ & Cheng, K-C 2017, Black garlic: A critical review of its production, bioactivity, and application. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 25: 62-70.
Kopeć, A, Skoczylas, J, Jędrszczyk, E, Francik, R, Bystrowska, B & Zawistowski, J 2020, Chemical composition and concentration of bioactive compounds in garlic cultivated from air bulbils. Agriculture, 10: 40.
Kumaran, A & Karunakaran, RJ 2007, In vitro antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of five Phyllanthus species from India. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 40: 344-352.
Parham, S, Kharazi, AZ, Bakhsheshi-Rad, HR, Nur, H, Ismail, AF, Sharif, S, RamaKrishna, S & Berto, F 2020, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Herbal Materials. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 9(12).
Pearson, W, Charch, A, Brewer, D & Clarke, AF 2007, Pilot study investigating the ability of an herbal composite to alleviate clinical signs of respiratory dysfunction in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research = Revue Canadienne De Recherche  Veterinaire, 12(2): 145–151.
Raji, LO, Fayemi, OE, Ameen, SA & Jagun, AT 2012, The effects of aqueous extract of Allium sativum (garlic) on some aspects of reproduction in the female albino rat (Wistar strain). Global Veterinaria, 8(4): 414-420.
Rajsekhar, S, Singh, TA & Deep, KC 2024, Cadmium and arsenic: A deadly duo for diabetic rats. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14: 685-694.
Suleria, HAR, Butt, MS, Khalid, N, Sultan, S, Raza, A, Aleem, M & Abbas, M 2015, Garlic (Allium sativum): diet based therapy of 21st century–a review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5: 271–278.
Vahabi Barzi, N, Eftekhari, Z, Doroud, D & Eidi, A 2022, Maternal exposure during organogenesis to chlorpyrifos insecticide induce apoptosis process.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine: The Official Journal of the  European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 35(20): 3845–3852.
Waseem, N 2015, The efficiency of garlic extract in prevention of lead acetate toxicity on fallopian tube: A hormonal study. Biology and Medicine, 07.
Wolfe, K, Wu, X & Liu, RH 2003, Antioxidant activity of apple peels. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51: 609-614.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 09 May 2025

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics