Effects of cadmium toxicity due to air pollution in industrial countries on animal fetal respiratory system development; current knowledge and future directions

Articles in Press

Document Type : Reviewers

Authors

1 DSc, Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology, Vice Director of Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, Uzbekistan

2 Associate Professor of the Department of Biology, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, Uzbekistan

3 Associate Professor of the Department of Use of Hydromelioration Systems, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan & Western Caspian University, Scientific researcher, Baku, Azerbaijan

4 Doctoral Student of the Samarkand State University Named after Sharof Rashidov of Uzbekistan

5 PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Pedagogy of the Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz, Uzbekistan

6 Department of Human and Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Samarkand State University named after Sharof Rashidov, 140104, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

7 Associate Professor, Tashkent State University of Economics, 100066 Tashkent, Uzbekistan

8 Associate Professor of the Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology, Uzbekistan

9 Teacher of the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Termez State University, Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan

10.22124/cjes.2024.8261

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) exposure, particularly from atmospheric pollution in industrialized countries, presents considerable hazards to the development of the fetal respiratory system. This paper examines the existing literature on cadmium toxicity, highlighting its harmful effects on lung development as observed in animal studies. Evidence suggests that maternal cadmium exposure, facilitated through methods such as intraperitoneal injection in rodent models, results in negative consequences for offspring, including modifications in gene expression and compromised lung structure and functionality.  Cadmium is primarily absorbed via the respiratory system, with inhalation associated with a range of respiratory ailments, including chronic lung diseases and lung cancer. Additionally, cadmium exposure has been linked to complications during pregnancy, such as miscarriage and low birth weight, likely due to mechanisms involving endocrine disruption and oxidative stress. This study underscores the necessity of comprehending cadmium's impact on fetal development and the potential protective effects of nutrients during gestation.  Given the strong association between cadmium exposure and adverse health effects, further investigation is warranted to clarify these impacts' underlying mechanisms and identify preventive measures. This paper offers a thorough overview of cadmium's influence on the development of the fetal respiratory system and proposes future research directions in this vital area of public health.

Keywords

References

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Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Available Online from 24 December 2024

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