Examining odor-producing chemical gases in Gohar-Rud River and their potential effect on residents surrounding: A case study

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Environment, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran

3 Department of Microbiology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran

10.22124/cjes.2024.8033

Abstract

In developing countries such as Iran, where comprehensive wastewater treatment measures have yet to be implemented, sewage disposal in rivers represents a means of eliminating it. This phenomenon results in the transformation of urban rivers into open sewers. The study's objective was to quantify the odor-producing gases and assess their potential impact on the residents in the vicinity of the Gohar-Rud River in Iran. The identification and measurement of odor-producing gases from this sewage river were conducted through the sampling and laboratory analysis of gases such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptans in the initial area of human exploitation near the river. This was carried out following the global NIOSH method. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to residents near the river, and the results were subsequently analyzed using SPSS software. Based on field observations and laboratory studies on odor-producing gases, it can be concluded that hydrogen sulfide with an average concentration of 3.51 ± 0.09 ppm, is the primary cause of odor in this river. The findings of this study demonstrate the impact of the Gohar-Rud River's unpleasant odor on the health and quality of life of those residing in its vicinity. This was achieved through the utilization of self-perceived and self-sensory methodologies. The results show that the level of life convenience influences the quality of human life. In this regard, qualitative criteria such as convenience with health, good mental conditions, and having stable conditions in daily habits can be effective. The level of convenience with the quality of life in the marginal residents of Gohar-Rud River based on the level of enjoyment of life in daily activities is low. Inconvenience with health and nervous disorders is important in reducing the level of convenience among the residents of this river.
 

Keywords

References

Aatamila, M, Verkasalo, PK, Korhonen, MJ, Viluksela, MK, Pasanen, K, Tiittanen, P & Nevalainen, A 2020, Odor annoyance near waste treatment centers: a population-based study in Finland. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 60: 412-418.
Antonopoulou, M, Evgenidou, E & Konstantinou, I 2014, A review on advanced oxidation processes for the removal of taste and odor compounds from aqueous media. Water Research, 431: 1343-1354.
Baldwin, C, Bell, I, Guerra, S & Quan, S 2014, Associations between chemical odor intolerance and sleep disturbances in community-living adults. Sleep Medicine, 5: 53-59.
Berg AB, Radziemska M, Adamcová D, Zloch J & Vaverková MD 2018, Assessment strategies for municipal selective waste collection regional waste management. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 19: 33-41.
Blanes-Vidal, V, Suh, H, Nadimi, E, Lofstrom, P, Ellermann, T, Andersen, HV & Schwartz, J 2012, Residential exposure to outdoor air pollution from livestock operations and perceived annoyance among citizens. Environment, 40: 44-50.
Bluyssen, PM 2017, Health, Comfort and Performance of Children in Classrooms – New Directions for Research. Indoor and Built Environment, 26: 1040-1050.
Boers, D, Geelen, L, Erbrink, H, Smit, LAM, Heederik, D, Hooiveld, M, Yzermans, CJ, Huijbregts, M & Wouters, IM 2016, The relation between modeled odor exposure from livestock farming and odor annoyance among neighboring residents. International Journal of Occupational Environment and Health, 89: 521-530.
Brancher, M, Griffiths, KD, Franco, D & de Melo Lisboa, H 2017, A review of odour impact criteria in selected countries around the world. Chemosphere, 168: 1531-1570.
Brancher, M, Piringer, M, Franco, D, Belli Filho, P, Lisboa, H & Schauberger, G 2019, Assessing the inter-annual variability of separation distances around odour sources to protect the residents from odour annoyance. Journal of Environmental Health Respect, 79: 11-24.
Bullers, S 2005, Environmental stressors, perceived control and health: the case of residents near large-scale hog farms in eastern North Carolina. Human Ecology, 33: 1-16.
Byli´nski, H, Gebicki, J & Namiesnik, J 2019, Evaluation of health hazard due to emission of volatile organic compounds from various processing units of wastewater treatment plant. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16: 171-184.
Capelli, L, Sironi, S & Del Rosso, R 2013, Measuring odours in the environment: A review. Water Science and Technology, 61: 1267-1278.
Conti, C, Guarino, M & Bacenetti, J 2020, Measurements techniques and models to assess odor annoyance: A review. Environment International, 134: 105-118.
Demircan, G 2018, Effects of the odour from wastewater treatment plants on resident’s treatment plants on resident’s living comfort and property values: Case of Narlidere-İzmir, PhD Dissertation. University of Turkey.
Ergün Yüksel, B, Çetin Dogruparmak, S, Pekey, B, & Pekey, H 2024. Assessment of environmental¸ odor pollution using a dispersion model in an industrialized urban area of Kocaeli, Turkey. Clean:  Soil, Air, Water, 52: e2300221. https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.202300221.
Green Spectrum Consulting Engineers 2018, Protection and operation management of Guilan Regional Water Company. Final report of water quality monitoring services of Pirbazar, Gohar Rood, Zarjoub rivers, and 25 wells. Regional Water of Guilan, 1: 49-50.
Herra, C & Cabera-Barona, P 2022, Impact of perceptions of Air pollution and noise on subjective well-being and health. Earth, 3: 825-838.
Johnson, BN & Sobel, N 2017, Methods of building an olfactometer with known concentration outcomes. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 16: 231-245.
Kempa, O, Krajewska, M, Palicki, S, Rącka, I & Wójta-Kempa, M 2015, Students Preferences on Housing Market in Polish Cities. Real Estate Management and Valuation, 22: 90-102.
Mehravaran, B 2015, Theoretical study of flavor reduction with ultrasonic hybrid system, superconductivity and surface absorption. Environmental Science and Technology, 19: 73-85.
Morgan, B, Hansgen, R, Hawthorne, W & Miller, SL 2015, Industrial odor sources and air pollutant concentrations in Globeville, a Denver, Colorado neighborhood. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 65: 1127-1140.
Moya, T & Philomena, M 2019, Appraisal and identification of different sources of smell by primary school children in the air quality test chamber of the Sense Lab. Intelligent Buildings International, 44: 2106–2113.
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Method (NMAM) 1994, Ammonia, Method: 6015, Issue 2: 15 August 1994.
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Method (NMAM) 1994, Hydrogen Sulfide, Method: 6013, Issue 1:15 August 1994, Fourth Edition, 8/15/94.
NIOSH Manual of Analytical Method (NMAM) 1994, Mercaptans, Methyl, Ethyl and n-Butyl, Method: 2542, Issue1: 15 August 1994.
Oettl, D & Ferrero, E 2017, A simple model to assess odour hours for regulatory purposes. Atmospheric Environment, 155: 162-173.
Oettl, D, Kropsch, M & Mandl, M 2018, Odour assessment in the vicinity of a pig-fatting farm using field inspections (EN 16841-1) and dispersion modeling. Atmospheric Environment, 181:54-60.
Pichon, AM, Coppin, G, Cayeux, I, Porcherot, C, Sander & D, Delplanque, S 2015, Sensitivity of Physiological Emotional Measures to Odors Depends on the Product and the Pleasantness Ranges Used. Frontiers in Psychology, 6: 1821.
Sado-InamuraY, & Fukushi, K 2018, Considering Water Quality of Urban Rivers from the Perspectives of Unpleasant Odor. Sustainability, 10: 650. doi:10.3390/su10030650.
Shanahan, L & Gottfried, J 2014, Olfactory insights into sleep-dependent learning and memory. Brain Research, 208: 309-343.
Sharida, A, Hamdan, A & Al-Hashimi, M 2019, Smart cities: The next urban evolution in delivering a better quality of life. Hybrid Metaheuristic Algorithms Image Process, 846: 287-298.
Schiffman, SS & Williams, K 2005, Science of odor as a potential health issue. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34: 129-138.
Shokouhi, A 2018, Sulfide Hydrogen. Health, Safety, and Energy Monthly, 2: 103-116.
Shokri, E 2019, Water quality report of Zarjoub, Gohar-Rud and Pirbazar rivers. Iranian water quality standard. Guilan General Department of Environmental Protection, 103 p.
Talaei Khozani, A 2018, Prevent the production of odor and corrosion caused by hydrogen sulfide in sewage collection networks. Environmental Science Engineering, 2: 24-30.
Tavakoli, B 2019, Identification of polluting resources of Zarjoub and Gohar-Rud rivers. General Department of Environment, Guilan, Iran, 24 p.
Team of Microbiology Assistants 2019, The role of negative ions in reducing air microbial contamination. http:// microbi.ir/author/fba1368/.
Ulutas, K, Pekey, H, Demir, S & Dinçer, F 2017, Assessment and Regulation of Odour Impacts. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 52: 217-236.
Weitensfelder, L, Moshammer, H, Öttl, D & Payer, I 2019, Exposure-complaint relationships of various environmental odor sources in Styria, Austria. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26: 9806-9815.
Wojnarowska, M, Sołtysik, M, Sagan, A, Stobiecka, J, Plichta, J & Plichta, G 2020, Impact of odor nuisance on preferred place of residence. Sustainability, 42: 112-125.
Źróbek, S, Trojanek, M, Sokolnik, A & Trojanek, R 2015, The influence of environmental factors on property buyers’ choice of residential location in Poland. Journal of International Studies, 8: 114-128.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences

Articles in Press, Corrected Proof
Available Online from 28 September 2024

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics