Test different materials as a condensation nucleus

Condensation nuclei are one of the main factors in building the structure of the cloud during its formation stages, so it is the basic structure around which water vapor gathers by a specific mechanism to form a cloud droplet, However, this cloud soon disappears due to a defect in one of the conditions for its formation, and the fact is that the nuclei of condensation here are either few or increased due to convection currents caused by the winds, which are various materials present in the atmosphere. These materials are classified into liquefied and non-liquefied, according to the nature of those materials, which have the ability to attract water vapor molecules around them, so the aim of the research is to study and discover some materials that may have the ability to be used in artificial seeding. Where a group of samples were collected such as (carbon generators, Himalayan salt, pollen grains, Refrigerated helfa), which were analyzed by FT_IR & SEM device, as well as examining the surface tension in unite Newton meter of each material separately, it was found that some of the analyzed materials that They appeared as chemical compounds that behaved as liquefies, It was concluded that the most effective substance is (K₂CO₃) which is present in pollen grains, whose value was (4.296)%, as well as the presence of (CaO) compound, which recorded the highest value (26)%, as well as (Na₂O) in Himalayan salt, whose value was (38.0) %, As well as the Refrigerated helfa, which recorded the highest value for (SiO₂) with a value of (4.761)%. The effectiveness of the surface tension was represented in the Refrigerated helfa, where the surface tension decreased from (51.67) mN/m to (43.95) mN/m when adding each (0.5) gm to the solution. Also, in the Refrigerated helfa, the surface tension decreased from (55.3) mN/m to (47.89) mN/m when adding (0.5) gm each time. As for the Himalayan salt, when the same amount of solution was added, the surface tension decreased from (68.3) mN/m to (49.44) mN/m when the solution was added gradually from (0.5 to 2) gm for every 0.5.