Monthly accumulative effect of wastewater discharged from the medical city on the water quality of Tigris River in Baghdad City, Iraq

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Civil Department, College of Engineering, University of Nahrain, Ministry of Higher Education, Iraq

10.22124/cjes.2024.7447

Abstract

The present study focused to assess the effects of hospital wastewater discharged from the Medical City Hospital in Baghdad to Tigris River. Two sampling sites were selected. The first was located to the north centre of Baghdad about 12 km as control (S1). The second location was represented the discharge point of Medical City station (S2). The water quality parameter of pH, EC, TDS, cations, anions, and heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+) were studied during January to August 2022. The obtained results showed that the EC values were 591-1453 µs/cm (mean ± SD = of 809 ± 62.5 µs/cm) in S1, while 475-1374 µs/cm (mean ± SD = 872 ± 64.5 µs/cm) in S2. TDS values were 304-879 ppm (mean ± SD = 518 ± 40.0 ppm) in S1 and    378-930 ppm (mean ± SD = 558 ± 41.5 ppm) in S2 respectively. The results found that the highest value for total hardness in S1 and S2 were 249-354 ppm (mean ± SD = 29 5 ± 6.93 ppm), and 256-360 ppm (mean ± SD = 299 ± 6.57 ppm), respectively. The monthly accumulative concentrations were examined by assaying the elevated concentrations of TDS, Na+ and Cl-. The results showed that there were also significant differences (p < 0.05) in average TDS, Na+ and Cl- values ​​on the monthly basis. The TDS value ​​ (%) was higher in August (58.25), compared to January, February, March, April, May, June, and July (54.37, 51.50, 44.83, 43.33, 33.43 and 25.26 respectively). The Na+ and Cl- values (%) were higher in August (54.44 and 50 respectively) compared to January, February, March, April, May, June, and July (53.3, 49.52, 37.21, 34.46, 38.49, 25.2 and 50, 48.90, 37.72, 36.01, 37.76, 25.09, 7.3) respectively. Also, it was concluded that over 50% of TDS, Na+ and Cl- discharges to Tigris River occurred in August compared to January and February. It was recommended that in the case of the Medical City station (S2), we need to establish a methodology for systematic data monitoring, and to assess the negative-effect of wastewater on Tigris River.

Keywords

References

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Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences

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Available Online from 17 January 2024

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