Determination of acute toxicity of sodium chloride and its effect on pathological lesions of gills, liver and kidney of fingerling kutum, Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Fishery, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran

10.22124/cjes.2022.5554

Abstract

In this study, the tolerable concentration of sodium chloride in juvenile kutum, Rutilus kutum and its effect on the fish gill, liver and kidney were examined. So, LC50 of sodium chloride in 96 h in a standing environment on 200 juveniles of 1-3 g was determined to be 8.12 g L-1 using Probit analysis statistical method. The experiment was performed according to the OECD method with five treatments and one control (each with three replications). Toxicity test was performed in 30-L glass aquariums. Ten juvenile kutum were stocked in each aquarium. LC10, LC50 and LC90 of sodium chloride for 96 h with logarithmically-determined concentrations (5, 6.46, 8.36, 10.81 and 14 g L-1, respectively) were 3.37, 8.12, 19.52 g L-1. During the experiment, water temperature (22 ± 0.7 °C), dissolved oxygen (7.5 ± 0.3 mg L-1) and pH (7.52 ± 0.2) were measured daily. Histopathological examination on kutum juveniles in the gill by the increased sodium chloride concentration, included hyperemia, hyperplasia, the secondary lamellae adhesion, cell necrosis and lifting secondary lamellar epithelial layers. In addition, hyperemia and fat degeneration, cell necrosis, bleeding and hypertrophy were observed in the fish liver. Histopathologically, hemorrhage, cell necrosis, hemorrhage, melanoma macrophages and increased urinary space were observed in the fish kidneys. Behaviorally, group swimming and aggregating at the corners of aquariums and floors, and by elevating the sodium chloride concentration, impatience and suffocation of fish increased. In addition, by uprising the sodium chloride concentration, lethargy and mucus secretion on the surface of juvenile fish body increased.
 

Keywords

References

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Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 20, Issue 2
April 2022
Pages 253-264

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