Taxonomic significance of anatomical characters in some species of Caryophyllaceae Family in Iraq

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Misan, Iraq

2 Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah, Iraq

Abstract

The anatomical characters of the leaves, trichomes and stems of 12 species of Caryophyllaceae family were studied. The results showed that the average of epidermal cells length in the adaxial surface ranged between 95.00 µm in Agrostemma githago and 29.5 µm in Agrostemma gracile, while in the abaxial surface, it ranged between 92.5 µm in A. githago and 35.62 µm in A. gracile. Stomatal complex was circular and elliptic-shaped. All species have four types of stomata: diacytic, anomocytic, paracytic and hemiparacytic. Trichome and their distribution does play significant role in the taxonomic delimitation, A. gracile trichomes have non-glandular hairs, while Arenaria balansae has non-glandular and glandular hairs. Two types of mesophyll appear to be a good diagnostic characteristic isobilateral in the Agrostemma species and dorsiventral (bifacial) in the remaining species as well as several sclerenchyma layers including thick and thin-walled cells that surrounded vascular bundle and also the petiole contains many layers of sclerenchyma cells. Stem shape and size were different between species. The stems had the greatest size (1064.50 µm) in Acanthophyllum bracteatum, while the smallest stem cross section (450.46 µm) in A. balansae. Cells were rich in druses crystals. Sclerenchymatous layers were observed in all species. The number of sclerenchyma was different between the species, so that, 12-23 layers in A. gracile and 4-7 in A. crassifolium.  Size of pith was different. The greatest was 280.22 mm in Agrostemma githago, while no pith was found in Polycarpon tetraphyllum and Arenaria balansae.

Keywords

References

Al-Saadi, SA & Al-Taie, SS 2014, Taxonomic significance of anatomical in some species of Minuartia L. (Caryophyllaceae). Global Journal of Biological, Agriculture and Health Science, 3: 138-146.
Al-Taie, S, Hussein, AN & Al-Saadi, SA 2018, Anatomical study of some species of caryophyllaceae In Iraq. Biochemical and Cell Archives, 18: 2173-2179.
Amar, I, Sharif, A, Ali, M, Alshareef, S, Altohami, F, Abdulqadir, M & Ahwidi, MM  2020, Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using Nano-Magnetic Adsorbent Based on Zinc-Doped Cobalt Ferrite. Chemical Methodologies, 4: 1-18.
Ataslar, E 2004, Morphological and anatomical investigations on the Saponaria kotschyana Boiss. (Caryophyllaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany, 28:193-199.
Bittrich, V 1993, Caryophyllaceae. In:  K, Kubitzki, JG, Rohwer, & V, Bittrich (Eds.). The families and genera of vascular plants, flowering plants, dicotyledons, Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid families, Berlin, Germany, Springer- Verlag, 2: 206-236.
Carlquist, S 1995, Wood anatomy of Caryophyllacea,ecology, habitat, systematic, and phylogentic implications. Aliso, 14: 1-17.
Chandra, S, Rawat, DS, Verma, SR &Uniyal, P 2019, Trichome diversity in the family Caryophyllaceae from Western Himalaya and their taxonomic implication. Tropical Plant Research, 6: 397-407
Davis, PH 1967, Flora of Turkey and the east Aegen Island. Edinburgh University Press, 2: 38-143.
Davis, PH & Cullen J 1965, The Identification of flowering plant families. Cambridge University Press.
Ditcher, DL 1974, Approaches to the identification of angiosperm leaf remains, Botanical Review, 4: 1-157.
Fathi, Z, Jafari, A & Zokai, M 2010, Comparative study of stem structure and wood analysis in different species of Silene L. genus (Mashhad and Country side). Journal of Plant Science. Research, 5: 28-35.
Gorhkova, SG, Knorring, OE, Kuzeneva, OI, Muraveva, OA, Tolmachev, AI, Schishkin, BK, Shteinberg, EI &Vasilchenko, IT 1970, Flora of the USSR, Vol. VI. Centrospermae, pp. 370-379.
Gucel, S 2013, Morphology, anatomy, and cytology of critically endangered endemic Minuartia nifensis from West Anatolia, Turkey. Sains Malaysiana, 42:1449-145
Haraldson, K 1978, Anatomy and taxonomy in Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae Meissn. Emend. Jaretzky. Symbolae Botanisk Upsalienses, 22: 1-95.
Jafari, A, Zokai, M & Fathi, Z 2008, A biosystematical investigation on Silene L. species in North East of Iran. -Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 7: 394-398.
Johansen, DA 1940, Plant Microtechnique, McGrow Hill, New York.
Kilic, S 2009, Anatomical and pollen characters in the Genus Silene L. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey. Botany Research Journals, 2 (2-4): 34-44.
Mabberley, DJ 2017, Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classifications, and uses. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1102 p.
McNeill J 196, Minuartia. In: Davis, PH (Ed).Flora of Turkey. 2:38- 67. Edinburgh, University Press.
Metcalfe, CR & Chalk, L 1950, Anatomy of Dicotyledon. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 724 p.
Nikam, A, Pagar, T, Ghotekar, S, Pagar, K, & Pansambal, S 2019, A review on plant extract mediated green synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles and their miscellaneous applications, Journal of Chemical Reviews, 1: 154-163.
Paltinean, R, Crişan, G, Balica, G, Ielciu, I, Ştefănescu, C & Tămaş, M 2015, Histoanatomical researches on the vegetative organs of five romanian Fumaria species. Farmacia, 63: 262-266.
Radford, AE, Dikison, WC, Massey, JR & Bell, CR 1974, Vascular plants systematics, Harper and Row, New York.
Sahreen, S, Ajab Khan, M, Rashid Khan, M & Ali Khan, R 2010, Leaf epidermal anatomy of the genus Silene (Caryophyllaceae) from Pakistan, Biological Diversity and Conservation, 3: 93-102.
Schweingruber, FH 2007, Stem anatomy of Caryophyllaceae. Flora, 202: 281-292.
Selvi, S, GÜner, Ö & Akcicek, E 2014,  Anatomical, micromorphological and ecological studies on the genus Agrostemma L. (Caryophyllaceae) growing in Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation. 7: 61-67
Shamsabad, MM, Ejtehadi, H, Vaezi, J & Memariani, F 2013, Anatomical and pollen characters in Acanthophyllum C. A. Mey. (Caryophyllaceae) from northeast of Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 19: 107-118.
Tavakkoli, Z 2016, Notes on some species of the genus Glaucium (Papaveraceae) in Iran. Nova Biologica Reperta, 3: 167-176.
Thorne, R F & Reveal, JL 2007, An updated classification of class Magnoliopsida (“Angiosperm”). The Botanical Review, 73: 67-182.
Yentür, S 2003, Bitki anatomisi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, 3808(227): 124-127, (In Turkish).
Yildiz, K & Minareci, E 2008, Morphological, anatomical, palynological and cytological investigation on Silene urvillei Schott. (Caryophyllaceae). Journal of Applied Biological Sciences, 2: 41-47.
Zarinkamar F 2007, Stomatal observations in dicotyledons. Pak. Journal of
Biological Sciences, 10: 199-210.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 19, Issue 3
July 2021
Pages 503-511

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics