The prevalence of vanA gene in clinical isolates of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a hospital in Mazandaran, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Biology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran

2 Department of Biology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important causes of infections in hospitals. Although vancomycin is often prescribed for the treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates remain a major problem in hospitals. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolates and also vanA gene in these clinical isolates in a hospital in Mazandaran Province, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, a total number of 60 S. aureus samples were identified from different clinical specimens after standard biochemical and microbiological tests. Disk agar diffusion test using Kirby-Bauer method was applied for antibiotics against S. aureus isolates. The presence of vanA gene was investigated in VRSA and intermediate resistance (VISA) isolates by PCR method using specific primers. Over 40% of isolates were resistant to commonly-used antibiotics, including gentamicin (46.67%), ceftazidime (45%) and carbenicillin (43.34%). Only few, however, were sensitive to gentamicin (33.33%) and ceftazidime (35%). Vancomycin was the most effective antibiotic against S. aureus isolates (56.66% sensitivity). Eleven isolates (18.34%) were resistant (VRSA) and 15 isolates (25%) were intermediate resistance (VISA) to vancomycin. Molecular analysis of vanA gene in 11 VRSA and 15 VISA showed that 8 VRSA (72.72%) and 6 VISA (40%) isolates were positive for vanA gene. The incidence of VRSA and VISA strains, as well as the frequency of vanA gene in these isolates are high and emerging in Mazandaran hospitals. There is a need to keep the emergence and spread of these strains to a minimum level.

Keywords

References

Hadadi, A, Moradi-Tabria, H, Mehdipour Aghabagher, B, Moslehi, B & Esmaielzadeh, P 2011, Determining the prevalence of methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by MIC and E-Test. Tehran University Medical Journal, 69: 344-351.
Aligholi, M, Emaneini, M, Jabalameli, F, Shahsavan, S, Dabiri, H & Sedaght, H 2008, Emergence of high-level vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. Medical Principles and Practice, 17: 432-434.
Asadi, M 2016, Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in the different extracts of Caspian saffron, Crocus caspius Fisch & C. A. Mey. ex Hohen. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 14: 331-338.
Askari, E, Tabatabai, SM, Arianpoor, A & Naderi Nasab, M 2013, VanA-positive vancomycin–resistant  Staphylococcus aureus: systematic search and review of reported cases. Infection Disease Clinical Pracicalt, 21: 91-93.
Bamigboye, BT, Olowe, OA & Taiwo, SS 2018, Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Vancomycin Resistance in Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Osogbo, Nigeria. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 8: 25–30.
Bauer, AW, Kirby, WM, Sherris, JC & Turck, M 1996, Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathologh, 45: 493-496.
Bugg, TD, Wright, GD, Dutka-Malen, S, Arthur, M, Courvalin, P & Walsh, CT 1991, Molecular basis for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium BM4147: Biosynthesis of a depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursor by vancomycin resistance proteins VanH and VanA. Biochemistry, 30: 10408-15.
Ena, J, Dick, RW, Jones, RN & Wenzel, RP 1993, The epidemiology of intravenous vancomycin usage in a university hospital. A 10-year study. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 269: 598-602.
Firouzi, F, Akhtari, J & Nasrolahei, M 2016, Prevalence of MRSA and VRSA Strains of Staphylococcus aureus in Healthcare Staff and Inpatients. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 26: 96-107.
Friaes, A, Resina, C, Manuel, V, Lito, L, Ramirez, M & Melo-Cristino, J 2015, Epidemiological survey of the first case of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Europe. Epidemiology and Infection, 143: 745-8.
Habibi, Z, Imanpour, N, Amin, J & Ramezanpour, Z 2018, Evaluation of antimicrobial activities of microalgae Scenedesmus dimorphus extracts against bacterial strains. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 16: 23-34.
Hidayat, LK, Hsu, DI, Quist, R, Shriner, KA & Wong-Beringer, A 2006, High-dose vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: efficacy and toxicity. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166: 2138-2144.
Hiramatsu, K, Hanaki, H, Ino, T, Yabuta, K, Oguri, T & Tenover, FC, 1997, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 40: 135-136.
Hoban, DJ, Biedenbach, DJ, Mutnick, AH & Jones, RN 2003, Pathogen of occurrence and susceptibility patterns associated with pneumonia in hospitalized patients in North America: results of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Study (2000). Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 45: 279-85.
Hong, HJ, Hutchings, MI & Buttner, MJ 2008, Vancomycin resistance VanS/VanR two-component systems. Advanced in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 631: 200-213.
Howden, BP, Davies, JK, Johnson, PD, Stinear, TP & Grayson, ML, 2010, Reduced vancomycin susceptibility in Staphylococcus aureus, including vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate strains: resistance mechanisms, laboratory detection, and clinical implications. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 23: 99-139.
Loomba, PS, Taneja, J & Mishra, B 2010, Methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus in hospitalized patients. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 2: 275–283.
Makhdoumi, A 2018, Bacterial diversity in south coast of the Caspian Sea: Culture-dependent and culture-independent survey. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 16: 259-269.
Mcguinness, WA, Malachowa, N & Deleo, FR 2017, Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 90: 269–281.
Melo-Cristino, J, Resina, C, Manuel, V, Lito, L & Ramirez, M 2013, First case of infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. Lancet, 382: 205.
Roberts, S & Chambers, S 2005, Diagnosis and management of Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin and soft tissue. Internal Medicine Journal, 2: S97-105.
Saadat, S, Solhjoo, K, Norooz-Nejad, MJ & Kazemi, A 2014, VanA and VanB Positive Vancomycin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates in Shiraz, South of Iran. Oman Medical Journal, 29: 335-339.
Weinstein, RA, Fridkin , SK 2001, Vancomycin-intermediate and resistant S aureus: What infectious disease specialists need to know. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 32: 429–39.
Taiwo, SS, Bamigboye,  TB, Odaro, O, Adefioye, OA & Fadiora, SO 2011, Vancomycin intermediate and high level vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates in Osogbo, Nigeria. Microbiology Research, 2: e6.
Thati, V, Shivannavar, CT &, Gaddad, SM 2011, Vancomycin resistance among methici llin resistant Staphy lococcus aureusisolates from intensive care units of tertiary care hospitals in Hyderabad. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 134: 704 – 708.
 Bannerman, TL 2003, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and other catalase positive cocci that grow aerobically. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH, ed. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology Press: Washington DC. 8: 384–404.
Wenzel, RP, Nettleman MD, Jones RN & Pfaller MA 1991, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: implications for the 1990s and effective control measures. The American Journal of Medicine, 91: 221S-227S.
Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 17, Issue 4
December 2019
Pages 319-325

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics