Genetic analysis of pike-perch, Sander lucioperca L., populations revealed by microsatellite DNA markers in Iran

Authors

1 0

2 1*, M. Pourkazemi2, S. Rezvani Gilkolai2, M. Tatina1 and L. Azizzadeh3

Abstract

This study was conducted in order to investigate genetic diversity and population structure of pike-perch in the Northern part of Iran. For this purpose, 207 adult pike-perches from four regions of the Caspian Sea watershed (Talesh Coasts, Anzali Wetland, Chaboksar Coasts and Aras Dam) were collected. DNA was extracted and by using 15 pairs of microsatellite primers, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was conducted. DNA bands were analyzed using Biocapt and GenAlex 6 software package. Out of 15 microsatellite primers, 11 loci were produced, of those, 6 loci were polymorphic and 5 were monomorphic. Analysis revealed that the average number of alleles per locus and observed heterozygosities were not statistically significant (P>0.05) for all four populations. Data indicated an appreciable genetic differentiation, in spite of a low genetic variation, and agreed with the low level of genetic polymorphism already observed for this species in Iran. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was obvious in most cases, mostly due to the deficiency of heterozygosities. The highest genetic distance was between Anzali Wetland and Aras Dam populations. This investigation represents the first approach to the knowledge of the genetic variability of Iranian populations using microsatellite markers, and reported results could be of interest for future management and conservation programs of this species in Iran.

Keywords


Abdolmalaki, Sh and Ghaninezhad, D (1999). A survey on releasing fingerlings and catching pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca) in Iranian costal waters of the Caspian Sea. In: Proceeding of the first National Congress On Caspian Sea Bony Fish. Bandar Anzali, Guilan, Iran, 21-23 January, 1999. (in Persian). Abdolmalak,i Sh and Psuty, L (2007). The effect of stock enhancement of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) in Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea. ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, 973-980. Akbarzadeh, A; Farahmand, H; Shabani, AA; Karami, M; Kaboli, M; Abbasi, K and Rafiee, GR (2009). Morphological variation of the pike-perch, Sander lucioperca in the Southern Caspian Sea, using a truss system. Journal of Appled Ichthyology 25, 576-582. Berg, LS (1949). Freshwater fishes of USSR and adjacent countries. 4th ed., Akademia Neuk USSR, Moscow & Leningrad, Part 3 (in Russian, English translation published by Isreal Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1968). Bjorklund, M; Aho, T; Larsson, LC (2007). Genetic differentiation in pike-perch (Sander lucioperca): the relative importance of gene flow, drift and common history. Journal of Fish Biology71, 264-278. Borroso RM, Hisdorf AWS, Moreira HLM, Cabello PH, Traub-Cseko YM. 2005. Genetic diversity of wild and cultured populations of Brycon opalinus (Cuvier, 1819) (Characiforme, Characidae, Bryconiae) using microsatellites. Aquaculture 247, 51-65. Brown, GE and Brown, JA (1996). Does kin-biased territorial behavior increase kin-biased foraging in juvenile salmonids? Behavioral Ecology 7: 24-29. Craig, JF (2000). Percid Fishes. Systematics, Ecology and Exploitation. 352 pp. ISBN: 0-632-05616-9. 3rd edition., Blackwell Science. Epperson, BK (2003). Geographical Genetics. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Goldstein, DB and Schlotterer, C (1999). Microsatellites Evolution & Applications.370pp. ISBN: 0-19-850407-1. 1st edition., Oxford university press. Kapuscinski, A and Miller, L (2000). DNA-Based Markers for the Assessment of Genetic Population Structure in Yellow Perch. GREAT LAKES FISHERY Gharibkhani et al.,107COMMISSION, 2000 Project Completion Report 1. 13pp. Kiabi, BH, Abdoli, A and Naderi, M (1999). Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian Basin of Iran. Zoology in the Middle East 18, 57-65. Koed, A; Mejlhede, P; Balleby, K and Aarestrup, K (2000). Annual movement and migration of adult pikeperch in a lowland river. Journal of Fish Biology 57, 1266–1279. Kohlmann, K and Kersten, P (2008). Isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite loci from the pike-perch, Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758). Molecular Ecolology Resources 8, 1085-1087. Lappalainen, J; Dourner, H and Wysujack, K (2003). Reproduction biology of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (L.)) – a review. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 12, 95–106. Leclerc, D; Wirth, Th and Bernatchez, L (2000). Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in yellow perch (Perca favesens), and cross-species amplification within the family Percidae. Molecular Ecology Notes 9, 995-997. Li, Q; Yu, H and Yu, R (2006). Genetic variability assessed by microsatellite in cultured populations of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in China. Aquaculture 259, 95-102. Li, L; Wang, P; Givens, C; Czesny, S and Brown, B (2007). Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in yellow perch (Perca favesens). Molecular Ecology Notes 7, 600-603. McQuown, E; Krueger, CC; Kincaid, HL; Gall, AE and May, B (2003). Genetic comparison of Lake Sturgeon population: Differentiation based on allelic frequencies at seven microsatellite loci. Journal of Great Lake Research 29(1), 3-13. Memis, D and Kohlmann, K (2006). Genetic characterization of wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Turkey. Aquaculture 258, 257-262. Nei, M (1972). Genetic distance between populations. The American Naturalist106, 283-292. Peakall, R and Smouse, PE (2005). GenAlEx 6: Genetic Analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research.The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Retrieved from http;//www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/GenAlEx/. Poulet, N; Balaresque, P; Aho, T and Bjorklund, M (2009). Genetic structure and dynamics of a small introduced population: the pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, in the Rhone delta. Genetica135(1), 77-86. Pourkazemi, M; Skibinski, DOF and Beardmore, JA (1999). Application of mtDNA D-loop region for the study of Russian sturgeon population structure from Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 15, 23-28. Razavi, BA (1999). Introduction to the Ecology of the Caspian Sea. 1st ed., Iranian Fisheries Organization, Tehran. 110pp. (In Persian). Rousset, F (2004). Genetic Structure and Selection in Subdivided Populations. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Slatkin, M (19950. A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies. Genetics, 139, 457–462. Stephenson, RL (1999). Stock complexity in fisheries management: a perspective of emerging issues related to population sub-units. Fisheries Research 43, 247–249. Wirth, TH; Saint-Laurent, R and Bernatchez, L (1999). Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and cross-species amplification within the family Percidae. Molecular Ecology 8, 1960-1962. Yue, GH; Li, L; Lim, SH and Orba L (2004). Monitoring the genetic diversity of three Asian arowana (Scleropagus formosus) captive stocks using AFLP and microsatellites. Aquaculture 237, 89-102. Zajc, I; Mellersh, CS and Sampson, J (1997). Variability of canine microsatellites within and between different dog breeds. Mammalian Genome 8, 182-185. Zipfel, KJ (2006). The distribution and status of native walleye (Sander vitreus) stocks in the west Virginia. Ms. thesis. Ohio University. USA.