Karyology study on Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) from the South Caspian Sea region

Khosravanizadeh, A.; Pourkazemi, M.; Nowruz Fashkhami, M.R.

Karyology study on Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) from the South Caspian Sea region

Authors

¹ Natural Resources Faculty, University of Zabol, Po. Box: 98615-538, Zabol, Iran.

² International Sturgeon Research Institute, PO.Box 41635-3464, Rasht, Iran.

³ International Sturgeon Research Institute, PO.Box 41635-3464, Rasht, Iran. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: akhosravanizadeh@gmail.com

Abstract

The chromosomal spread and karyotype of Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) from Anzali lagoon were identified using tissue squashing techniques with injection of 0.5ml/100g body weight of 0.01% Colchicines solution in fish fingerlings. Kidney and gill tissues were then extracted and chopped in KCl 0.045M for 20 min and fixed in Carnoy solution in 3 stages. The chromosomal spreads were stained in 20% Gimsa for 30 min. From 347 chromosomal spread counts, the results showed diploid chromosome number of this species 2n=50. Karyotype composed of 7 metacentric, 13 submetacentric and 5 acrocentric or subtelocentric choromosome pairs, and the number of chromosome arms (NF) was determined as NF=90.

REFERENCES
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Al-Sabti, K. (1991) Hand book of genotoxic effects and fish chromosomes. Ljubljana, 97P.
AI-Sabti, K. (1985) Chromosomal studies by blood leukocyte culture technique on three salmonids from Yugoslavian waters. J. of Fish Biol. 26: 5-12.
Arkhipchuk, V.V. (1999) Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. www.fishbase.org.
Baksi, M. and Means, J.C. (1988) Preparation of chromosomes from early stages of fish for cytogenetic analysis. J. of Fish Biol. 32: 321-325.
Bianco, P.G.; Aprea, G.; Balletto, E.; Capriglione, T.; Fulgione, D. and Odierna, G. (2004) The karyology of the cyprinid genera Scardinius and Rutilus in southern Europe. Ichthyol. Res. 51: 274–278.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Ebrahimi, M.; Ansari, T.H. ; Teimory, A. and Gholamhosseini, G.A. (2009) Karyotype analysis of Persian stone lapper, Garra persica Berg, 1913 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Current Sci., 96: 959-962.
Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2006) Karyotype of Persian Chub, Petroleuciscus persidis (Coad, 1981) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Southern Iran. Turk. J. of Zool. 30: 137- 139.
Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2007) Karyotype analysis of Garra rufa (Heckle, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Fars province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 16: 11-17.
Esmaeili, H.R., Zareian, H.; Gholamhosseini, A.; Ebrahimi, M.; Gholami, Z.; Teimori, A. and Ansari, T.H. (2010) Karyotype Analysis of the King Nase Fish, Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Turk. J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci. 10: 477-481.
Gold, J.R. (1974) A fast and easy method for Chromosome karyoryping in adult teleoasts. progressive fish culturist. 36: 169-171.
Gold, J.R.; Li, Y.C., Shipley, N.S. and Powers, P.K. (1990) Improved methods for working with fish chromosome with a review of metaphase chromosome banding. J. of Fish Biol. 37: 563-575.
Gul, S.; Colak, A.; Sezgin, I. and Kaloglu, B. (2004) Karyotype analysis in Alburnus heckeli (Battalgil, 1943) from Lake Hazer. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 28: 309-314.
Hosseini S.V. and Kalbassi M.R. (2003) Karyologic study of Anjak fish Schizothorax zarudnyi in region Zehak of Siatan and Baluchestan province, Iranian J. of Sea Sci. 2: 13-21.
Kalbassi, M.R.; Hosseini, S.V. and Tahergorabi, R. (2008) Karyotype Analysis in Schizothorax zarudnyi from Hamoon Lake, Iran. Turk. J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci., 8: 335-340.
Khosravanizaeh, A. (2010) The karyology of the Spirlin fish Alburnoides bipunctatus in Zabol region, The 1st Iranian ornamental fishes conference. Iran 2010 (Tehran). Book of Abstracts. 141 p.
Khuda-Bukhsh, A.R.; Chanda, T. and Barat, A. (1986) Karyomorphology and evolution in some Indian hillstearm fishes with particular references to polyploily in some species. In: IndoPacific Fishes (Eds. T. Uyeno; R. Arai; T. Taniuchi and K. Matsuura). Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 886-898.
Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2001) Karyotypes of Cyprinid Fish Capoeta trutta and Capoeta capoeta umbla (Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Turk. J. of Zool., 25: 389-393.
Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2004) Karyotypes of the Cyprinid Fish Alburnoides bipunctatus (Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Folia Biol. (Krakow), 52: 57-59.
Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. and Greven, H. (1995) Database of chromosome. Westarp Wissenschaften. www.fishbase.org.
Levan, A., Fredga, K. and Sandberg, A.A. (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric positions on chromosomes. Hereditas. 52: 201-202.
Nahavandi, R., Amini, F. and Rezvani, S. (2001) Karyology of Abramis brama in southern waters of Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 10(3): 89-100.
Naran, D., Skelton, P.H. and Villet, M.H. (2006) Karyology of the redfin minnows, genus Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): one of the evolutionarily tetraploid lineages of South African barbines. African Zool. 41(2): 178-182.
Nazari, S., Pourkazemi, M. and Porto, J.I.R. (2011) Chromosome description and localization of Nucleolus Organizing Regions (NORs) by Ag-staining Technique in Alburnus filippii (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) in Anzali Lagoon, North Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci., 10: 352-355.
Nirchio, M., Perez, J., Granado, A. and Ron, E. (2006) Conventional karyotype, constitutive heterochromstin, and nucleolar organizer regions in Hoplosternum littorale (Pisces: Callichthyidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela. Saber, Universided de Oriente, Venezuela. 18: 113-116.
Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. and Khosroshahi, M. (1995) Karyology of the Caspian Sea kutum roach by with blood cells culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J., 4: 64-71.
Nowruzfashkhami, M.R., Pourkazemi, M. and Kalbassi, M.R. (2002) Karyotyping characterization of the grass carp by leukocyte culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11: 137-144.
Pourali Darestani, S., Bazyar Lakeh A.A. and Hassanzadeh Kiabi B. (2006) A karyological study of Barbus capito, Barbus mursa and two populations of Capoeta capoeta from Northern Iran. Iranian J. Natural Res., 58: 831-842.
Pourkazemi, M., Kazerooni Monfared, F., Bagherzadeh, F. and Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. (2010) Karyotyping of Vimba vimba persa. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 19: 19-30.
Pourkazemi, M.; Nazari, S. and Bakhshalizadeh, S. (2010) Karyotype analysis in white bream (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica) from north coast of Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci. 9(3): 454-463.
Rab, P., Rabova, M.; Pereira, C.S.; Collares-Pereira, M.J. and Pelikanova, S. (2008) Chromosome studies of European cyprinid fishes: interspecific homology of leuciscine cytotaxonomic markerV the largest subtelocentric chromosome pair as revealed by cross-species painting. Chromosome Res. 16: 863–873.
Reddy, P.V.G.K. and John, G. (1986) A method to increase miotic metaphase spreads and permanent chromosome preparation for karyotype studies in fishes. Aquaculture Hungrica. 5: 31-36.
Sahoo, P.K.; Nanda, P. and Barat, A. (2007) Karyotypic diversity among three species of Garra (Family: Cyprinidae) from River Dikrong. Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cytologia, 72: 259-263.
Schmid, M.; Ziegler, C.G.; Steinlein, C.; Nanda I. and Schart, M. (2006) Cytogenetics of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus), with special emphasis on the B chromosomes. Chromosome Res. 14: 231-242.
Ueda, T., Iijima, K. ; Naoi, H., Arai, R., Ishinabe, T. and Jeon, S. (2006) Karyotypes of Three Tanakia Bitterlings (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from East Asia. Cytologia, 71: 251-255.
Ünlü, E. ; Kilic-Demürok, N. ; Cengiz, E.I. and Karadede, H. (1997) Karyology of Garra rufa (Cyprinidae) in River Tigris (Turkey). Ninth International Congress of European Ichthyologists (CE19) "Fish Biodiversity". Italy 1997 (NapoliTrieste), Book of Abstracts, 95 p.
Varasteh, A., Hossienzadeh, M.M. and Pourkazemi, M. (2002) Karyotyping and number of chromosomes of silver carp (Hypophtalmichthys molitrix). Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11: 107-114.
Vossoughi, G.H. and Mostajeer, B. (2000) Freshwater fish. Tehran University Publications, Tehran, 317P. Zhao, J., Lio, L.G., Chen, X.L., Qing, N. and Dong, C.W. (2004) Karyotypic analysis of the multiple tetraploid allogynogenetic pengze crucian carp and its parents. Aquaculture, 237: 117-129.
Ziegler, C.G., Lamatsch, D.K.; Steinlein, C., Engel, W.; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res., 11: 23-35.

Keywords

References

Abdouli, A. (1999) The inland water fishes of Iran. Natural and wild life museum of Iran, Tehran, 378P.

Al-Sabti, K. (1991) Hand book of genotoxic effects and fish chromosomes. Ljubljana, 97P.

AI-Sabti, K. (1985) Chromosomal studies by blood leukocyte culture technique on three salmonids from Yugoslavian waters. J. of Fish Biol. 26: 5-12.

Arkhipchuk, V.V. (1999) Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. www.fishbase.org.

Baksi, M. and Means, J.C. (1988) Preparation of chromosomes from early stages of fish for cytogenetic analysis. J. of Fish Biol. 32: 321-325.

Bianco, P.G. ; Aprea, G. ; Balletto, E. ; Capriglione, T. ; Fulgione, D. and Odierna, G. (2004) The karyology of the cyprinid genera Scardinius and Rutilus in southern Europe. Ichthyol. Res. 51: 274–278.

Esmaeili, H.R. ; Ebrahimi, M. ; Ansari, T.H. ; Teimory, A. and Gholamhosseini, G.A. (2009) Karyotype analysis of Persian stone lapper, Garra persica Berg, 1913 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Current Sci. 96(7): 959-962.

Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2006) Karyotype of Persian Chub, Petroleuciscus persidis (Coad, 1981) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Southern Iran. Turk. J. of Zool. 30: 137-139.

Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2007) Karyotype analysis of Garra rufa(Heckle, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Fars province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 16(3): 11-17.

Esmaeili, H.R. ; Zareian, H. ; Gholamhosseini, A. ; Ebrahimi, M. ; Gholami, Z. ; Teimori, A. and Ansari Karyology study on Bleak 34T.H. (2010) Karyotype Analysis of the King Nase Fish, Chondrostoma regium(Heckel, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Turk.

J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci. 10: 477-481.

Gold, J.R. (1974) A fast and easy method for Chromosome karyoryping in adult teleoasts. progressive fish culturist. 36: 169-171.

Gold, J.R. ; Li, Y.C. ; Shipley, N.S. and Powers, P.K. (1990) Improved methods for working with fish chromosome with a review of metaphase chromosome banding. J. of Fish Biol. 37: 563-575.

Gul, S. ; Colak, A. ; Sezgin, I. and Kaloglu, B. (2004) Karyotype analysis in Alburnus heckeli (Battalgil, 1943) from Lake Hazer. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 28: 309-314.

Hosseini S.V. and Kalbassi M.R. (2003) Karyologic study of Anjak fish Schizothorax zarudnyi in region Zehak of Siatan and Baluchestan province, Iranian J. of Sea Sci. 2(1): 13-21.

Kalbassi, M.R. ; Hosseini, S.V. and Tahergorabi, R. (2008) Karyotype Analysis in Schizothorax zarudnyi from Hamoon Lake, Iran. Turk. J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci. 8: 335-340.

Khosravanizaeh, A. (2010) The karyology of the Spirlin fish Alburnoides bipunctatusin Zabol region, The 1st Iranian ornamental fishes conference. Iran 2010 (Tehran). Book of Abstracts. 141P.

Khuda-Bukhsh, A.R. ; Chanda, T. and Barat, A. (1986) Karyomorphology and evolution in some Indian hillstearm fishes with particular references to polyploily in some species. In: Indo-Pacific Fishes (Eds. T. Uyeno; R. Arai; T. Taniuchi and K. Matsuura). Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. pp.886-898.

Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2001) Karyotypes of Cyprinid Fish Capoeta trutta and Capoeta capoeta umbla(Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Turk. J. of Zool. 25: 389-393.

Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2004) Karyotypes of the Cyprinid Fish Alburnoides bipunctatus (Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Folia Biol. (Krakow). 52: 57-59.

Klinkhardt, M. ; Tesche, M. and Greven, H. (1995) Database of chromosome. Westarp Wissenschaften. www.fishbase.org.

Levan, A. ; Fredga, K. and Sandberg, A.A. (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric positions on chromosomes. Hereditas. 52: 201-202.

Nahavandi, R., Amini, F. and Rezvani, S. (2001) Karyology of Abramis brama in southern waters of Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 10(3): 89-100.

Naran, D. ; Skelton, P.H. and Villet, M.H. (2006) Karyology of the redfin minnows, genus Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): one of the evolutionarily tetraploid lineages of South African barbines. African Zool. 41(2): 178-182.

Nazari, S. ; Pourkazemi, M. and Porto, J.I.R. (2011) Chromosome description and localization of Nucleolus Organizing Regions (NORs) by Ag-staining Technique in Alburnus filippii (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in Anzali Lagoon, North Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci. 10(2) 352-355.

Nirchio, M. ; Perez, J. ; Granado, A. and Ron, E. (2006) Conventional karyotype, constitutive heterochromstin, and nucleolar organizer regions in Hoplosternum littorale (Pisces: Callichthyidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela. Saber, Universided de Oriente, Venezuela. 18(2): 113-116.

Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. and Khosroshahi, M. (1995) Karyology of the Caspian Sea kutum roach by with blood cells culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 4(1): 64-71.

Nowruzfashkhami, M.R., Pourkazemi, M. and Kalbassi, M.R. (2002) Karyotyping characterization of the grass carp by leukocyte culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11(3): 137-144.

Pourali Darestani, S., Bazyar Lakeh A.A. and Hassan-zadeh Kiabi B. (2006) A karyological study of Barbus capito, Barbus mursa and two populations of Capoeta capoeta from Northern Iran. Iranian J. Natural Res. 58(4): 831-842.

Pourkazemi, M. ; Kazerooni Monfared, F. ; Bagherzadeh, F. and Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. (2010) Karyotyping of Vimba vimba persa. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 19(2): 19-30.

Pourkazemi, M. ; Nazari, S. and Bakhshalizadeh, S. (2010) Karyotype analysis in white bream (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica) from north coast of Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci. 9(3): 454-463. Khosravanizadeh et al., 35Rab,

P. ; Rabova, M. ; Pereira, C.S. ; Collares-Pereira, M.J. and Pelikanova, S. (2008) Chromosome studies of European cyprinid fishes: interspecific homology of leuciscine cytotaxonomic markerVthe largest subtelocentric chromosome pair as revealed by cross-species painting. Chromosome Res. 16: 863–873.

Reddy, P.V.G.K. and John, G. (1986) A method to increase miotic metaphase spreads and permanent chromosome preparation for karyotype studies in fishes. Aquaculture Hungrica. 5: 31-36.

Sahoo, P.K. ; Nanda, P. and Barat, A. (2007) Karyotypic diversity among three species of Garra (Family: Cyprinidae) from River Dikrong. Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cytologia. 72(3): 259-263.

Schmid, M. ; Ziegler, C.G. ; Steinlein, C. ; Nanda I. and Schart, M. (2006) Cytogenetics of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus), with special emphasis on the B chromosomes. Chromosome Res. 14: 231-242. Ueda,

T. ; Iijima, K. ; Naoi, H. ; Arai, R. ; Ishinabe, T. and Jeon, S. (2006) Karyotypes of Three Tanakia Bitterlings (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from East Asia. Cytologia. 71(3): 251-255.

Ünlü, E. ; Kilic-Demürok, N. ; Cengiz, E.I. and Karadede, H. (1997) Karyology of Garra rufa (Cyprinidae) in River Tigris (Turkey). Ninth International Congress of European Ichthyologists (CE19) "Fish Biodiversity". Italy 1997 (Napoli-Trieste). Book of Abstracts. 95P.

Varasteh, A., Hossienzadeh, M.M. and Pourkazemi, M. (2002) Karyotyping and number of chromosomes of silver carp (Hypophtalmichthys molitrix). Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11(1): 107-114.

Vossoughi, G.H. and Mostajeer, B. (2000) Freshwater fish. Tehran University Publications, Tehran, 317P.

Zhao, J. ; Lio, L.G. ; Chen, X.L ; Qing, N. and Dong, C.W. (2004) Karyotypic analysis of the multiple tetraploid allogynogenetic pengze crucian carp and its parents. Aquaculture 237: 117-129.

Ziegler, C.G. ; Lamatsch, D.K. ; Steinlein, C. ; Engel, W. ; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res. 11: 23-35.