Influence of environmental factors on the physiological condition of the human body

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Normal Physiology and Biophysics, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakstan

2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kazakh National Women׳s Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

3 Department of Natural Science Disciplines, Institute of Education and Management, West Kazakhstan Innovative Technological University, Uralsk, Kazakhstan

4 Department of Civil Defense and Military Training of the Malik Gabdullin Academy of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kokshetau, Kazakhstan,

5 Department of Oncology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

10.22124/cjes.2026.10051

Abstract

The physiological condition of the human body is affected by a series of environmental conditions that are more pronounced due to climate changes and increased pollution caused by industries in recent decades. This study has been undertaken to examine the influence of environmental conditions on the physiological condition of the human body in Kazakhstan. The research methodology used in this study is descriptive-analytical with cross-sectional design. A total of 480 people have been surveyed for this study in three different environmental conditions including industrial, agricultural and urban environments. The sampling technique used in this study is stratified random technique and the sample size has been calculated using Cochran's formula with 95% confidence level. Environmental variables such as air quality index, temperature, relative humidity and heat index have been collected from January to March 2026 while the physiological variables such as blood pressure, heart rate, lung vital capacity, blood oxygen saturation and oxidative and inflammatory stress have been measured from April to May 2026. Results indicated that air pollution exerts the strongest influence on the physiological status with a path coefficient of 0.42 and t value of 8.34. Temperature stress with a coefficient of 0.31 and water shortage with a coefficient of 0.24 followed the above variables. All the paths had significant relationships at the 0.001 level. One way analysis of variance indicated that there exist significant differences between all physiological indicators in the three regions. The largest effect size was for CRP with η² = 0.058 and malondialdehyde with η² = 0.052. The highest systolic blood pressure was observed in the industrial region with an average of 132.4 mm Hg. Contrarily, the vital lung capacity was high in the agricultural region with an average of 3.68 liters. Low blood oxygen saturation was observed in the industrial region with an average of 95.2 %. From moderator analysis, it was clear that age has a significant influence on the relationship between environmental factors and physiological status. The interaction coefficient of age and air pollution was found to be 0.18, while the interaction coefficient of age and temperature stress was 0.14. In contrast, gender had no significant moderating effect on the relationship between independent variables and dependent one. The slope of the regression line for the elderly age group was higher (−0.63) than for the young one (−0.25), confirming higher vulnerability of the elderly age category. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the most efficient solution to improve the physiological status of the population is to reduce air pollution and to take into account the vulnerabilities of specific age categories.

Keywords

References

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Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences
Volume 24, Issue 4
October 2026
Pages 1191-1198

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