University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Impact of climatic parameters on the extent of mangrove forests of southern Iran 671 682 5719 10.22124/cjes.2022.5719 EN Fariba Rostami Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Pedram Attarod Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Hamidreza Keshtkar Department of Arid and Mountainous Regions Reclamation, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Mohammad Nazeri Tahroudi Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 01 Mangrove forests play a valuable role in maintaining the coastal ecosystem. Global warming alongside human activities has caused reduced extent and health of these ecosystems in recent years. This study aimed to examine the variability of the extent of mangrove forests and the sea surface area in response to changes in climatic parameters in the south of Iran. To achieve this, the climatic data recorded at Bandar Abbas Synoptic Weather Station and Landsat series of satellite images were used. To detect the trends of meteorological parameters during 1987-2017, the modified Man-Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator were employed. We investigated the regression relationship between climatic parameters as well as the sea surface area and the mangrove forest extent. The results showed that mangrove forest extent was about 73.08 km2 in the first year of study (1987), which increased to 88.73 km2 (21%) in 2017. The minimum temperature (Z = 2.77, β = 0.0186), maximum temperature (Z = 2.066, β = 0.0362), and the extent of the mangrove forests (Z = 2.58, β = 0.0405) displayed significantly growing trends. In contrast, the mean temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and the sea surface area had no significant trends during the study period. The minimum temperature presented the highest correlation coefficient with the mangrove forest extent (61%). It is expected, therefore, along with global warming and increasing minimum temperature, the extent of mangrove forests would have a growing trend in the south of Iran in the future. The results of this study can be used by natural resources and forest managers to determine the best place for afforestation in order to perform better protection of these forests.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5719_84ad794b9873ea2e1290782afe7e3f8a.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Effects of planting date and plant density on yield and some physiological characteristics of single cross 550 hybrid maize as a second crop 683 691 5720 10.22124/cjes.2022.5720 EN Behzad Amraei Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 01 Maize grain yield has a high potential and as planting late maturing cultivars is delayed for any reason, middle-aged maize cultivars can be used as an alternative plant. Observing planting date and plant density is very important in increasing maize yield. In 2019 in Koohdasht City, Iran, a statistical design of split plots was performed based on complete blocks with three replications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of density (6, 7, 8 and 9 plants m-2) and planting date (6, 13 and 20 July) on grain yield and its components in single cross maize cultivar 550. Planting dates were considered as main plots and planting densities were considered as sub-plots. By increasing density, traits such as number of leaves per plant, number of leaves above maize, stem diameter, maize diameter, maize length, number of grains per row and 1000-grain weight decreased. By delay in planting, plant height, number of leaves per plant, maize length, stem diameter, maize diameter, number of grains per row and 1000-grain weight decreased. The highest grain yield (14.313 tons per hectare) was obtained from the first planting date (6 July) with a density of 9 plants m-2. By elevating density, plant height, maize height, grain yield, biological yield and degree of fruiting increased and the number of rows per maize, number of grains per row, maize diameter, cob diameter, stem diameter and 1000-grain weight decreased.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5720_df4dbefc4dc65fea0d6db9664ad30623.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Feeding indices of Planiliza abu (Heckel, 1843) in Karun River, Southwestern Iran 693 700 5721 10.22124/cjes.2022.5721 EN Miaad Jorfipour Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Yazdan Keivany Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Fatemeh Paykan-Heyrati Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran Zaniar Ghafoori Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj Campus, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 01 The feeding characteristics of Planiliza abu in Karun River, Khuzestan Province, southwestern Iran were studied by collecting 460 specimens from November 2016 to September 2017. The specimens were anesthetized in 1% clove oil, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and transferred to the laboratory. The average length and weight of all specimens were 13.18 ± 1.35 cm and 31.05 ± 9.22 g, respectively. The average condition factor for both males and female was 1.34, exhibiting no significant differences in different months in both sexes (p > 0.05). The mean relative length of gut in all fish was 2.27 ± 0.36 during the year. The highest gastrosomatic index (GSI) value was in September (12.07), while the lowest in February and March displaying significant differences in different months (p < 0.05). A total of 214 empty stomachs were found amongst the 460 fish samples and there were no significant differences in the ratio of empty stomachs in different months (p > 0.05). Therefore, based on the visual observations, RLG and GSI, it could be concluded that this species is an omnivorous fish (mainly aquatic insects and plants, algae, diatoms, and detritus) with a modest feeding throughout the year.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5721_00e8c09edc4696bfcd75b61f6b1da069.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Some aspects of the life history of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus (Actinopterygii: Nemacheilidae) from the Jajrud River in the Namak Lake basin, Central Iran 701 709 5722 10.22124/cjes.2022.5722 EN Amir Pourshabanan School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Bibak Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmeh Sara, Iran Giovanni Rossi Metropolitan Environmental Prevention Area - Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (Arpae), Italy Keyvan Abbasi Inland Waters Aquaculture Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Anzali, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 01 The length-weight relationship, breeding season and condition factor of Oxynoemacheilus bergianus from Jajrud River in the Namak Lake basin, Tehran Province, Central Iran, were investigated. Sampling was performed from March 2017 to February 2018. The biometric measurements and the body and gonad weights were monthly carried out for one year log sampling occasions, in a total of 546 specimens. The range of total length in males and females were 3.8-7.5 and 3-7.6 cm, and the range of total weight were correspondingly 0.36-3.53 and 0.2-4.67 g respectively. The calculated coefficient of determination (r2) in males and females was found to be 0.94 and 0.95, respectively reflecting a positive allometric (b > 3, p > 0.05) growth in both sexes. The gonadosomatic index and modified gonadosomatic index showed that O. bergianus spawns in the middle of spring in May. In agreement with that, the condition factor reached the minimum (0.60) in February, while the maximum (0.96) in May. Since there is poor conservation status of the species, this study aims to give a contribution for biologists and wildlife managers.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5722_58a5a0d732ab06a068cf7db1a38e7e49.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Spatiotemporal variation analysis of water quality using multivariate statistical methods, Case study: Koohsar Lake, Western Iran 711 720 5723 10.22124/cjes.2022.5723 EN Ali Reza Heidari Department of Environment (DOE) of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran Samar Mortazavi Department of Environment, Malayer University, Hamadan, Iran Nasrin Hasanzadeh Department of Environment, Malayer University, Hamadan, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 02 The study of water resources and reviewing periodic and spatial changes in the quality of water in aquatic ecosystems are of important necessity due to the reasons including, climate change, water resource constraints, and increased human water requirements. Given the fact that Koohsar Lake water in Zanjan Province is one of the sources of drinking water in the region, the present study aimed to measure the values of 19 parameters of water quality in two seasons of summer and spring at four stations. The samples were transferred to a laboratory under steady-state and sunlight conditions and analyzed according to the standard methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Moreover, the study applied factor analysis using principle components to analyze the variance of data. In addition, the values of the parameters were compared with the permissible limits of drinking water of national standard. The results indicated a significant difference between the parameters studied at stations and different sampling times by repeated measurements. The results of factor analysis also showed that the total of three main components in the summer and spring were 96.573% and 98.581% of the variance of data respectively. The main parameters in the summer included Chlorophyll-a, Na, DO, pH, BOD, COD, TDS, EC, and nitrate. Also, EC, TDS, alkalinity, pH, COD, BOD, Ca, and ammonia were found as the main parameters in the spring. Also, it was found that except for the pH in the spring and at stations 3 and 4 which were below the standard minimum, the lake water in both seasons and all stations, in terms of parameters, was within the standard range and exhibited a good quality for drinking. Implications are discussed in light of the study findings.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5723_de43222f22a17e462bdcc593bf227512.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Long-term dynamic analysis based on Landsat imagery in the Gorgan Bay- Gomishan Wetland, Iran 721 727 5724 10.22124/cjes.2022.5724 EN Ahmad Reza Pirali Zefrehei Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Seyyed Aliakbar Hedayati Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran Hasan Sahraei Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Gonbad Kavous, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 02 Coastal ecosystems are very dynamic and their changes occur relatively quickly due to the collision of two dynamic environments of land and sea. Gorgan Bay and Gomishan Wetland are unique ecosystems in the south-eastern part of the Caspian Sea. In this study periodic changes in the ecosystems of Gomishan Wetland and Gorgan Bay were evaluated over a period of 40 years using Landsat satellite imagery from 1978-2018. MSS, TM and OLI imagery along with NDWI index were used. The results show that the fluctuations in both ecosystems were consistent and the coastline changes were greater in the near-land areas. Based on the results, the highest area of water in both ecosystems was obtained in 1997 (210.43 and 528.97 km2 for Gomishan Wetland and Gorgan Bay, respectively). These ecosystems also exhibited the lowest water area in 1978. In general, it can be conclude that remote sensing was an efficient tool in monitoring and managing coastal ecosystems.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5724_8cb383e19ec969f5acfc22d56344287a.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Effects of rainbow trout farming on water quality around the sea farms in the south of the Caspian Sea 729 737 5725 10.22124/cjes.2022.5725 EN Sayyed Mohammad Vahid Farabi Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center (CSERC), Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Mazandaran, Iran Mahdi Golaghaei Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center (CSERC), Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Mazandaran, Iran Mansour Sharifian Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center (CSERC), Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Mazandaran, Iran Erfan Karimian Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran Gholamreza Daryanabard Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center (CSERC), Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sari, Mazandaran, Iran Journal Article 2022 08 03 The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical factors of seawater to determine the water quality index around two marine farms of rainbow trout in the south of the Caspian Sea. Each farm had four floating polyethylene cages with a final fish harvest of 60 tons. The water sampling was performed in January and March 2014 as well as May and August 2015 from around the cages (close: cage shade, 50 m and 100 m; distant: 1000 m) in three geographical directions: east, west, and south. The water quality parameters including pH, temperature, transparency, salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus compounds) were determined. The results of the analysis of variance of data at both farms showed that changes in physical and chemical parameters of water had only significant differences at the time of sampling (p < 0.05). The highest value of variance in the principal component analysis (PCA; 30.23% from 84.75%) was related to EC, temperature, salinity, total nitrogen, pH, and organic phosphorus. Iran Surface Water Quality Index (IRWQISC) at near and far distances from farms was determined to be moderate (40-55). The main reasons for this result can be attributed to the small-scale and short fish farming period along with the hydrological conditions of the region.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5725_0d4594f48741aa65fa4b05eec3f0c409.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Physiological disturbances and histological damages of reproductive system in male rats resulted by metformin 739 746 5757 10.22124/cjes.2022.5757 EN Fatima Aziz Mahdi Al-badry Biology Department, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Thi-Qar, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 28 The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of metformin in some physiological and histological parameters of reproductive system in the diabetic male rats experimentally. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups. The (control) first group was treated with normal saline; the second was infected group which included rats diabetic experimentally treated by alloxan; the third and fourth groups were induced diabetic experimentally and received metformin suspension (150 mg kg-1 daily) at one and two doses respectively. Twelve hours was time between these two doses. Reproductive ability was measured by determination of some physiological parameters as count sperm, malformations, motility, dead sperm, weights of sex organs (testes, epididymis, prostate glands and seminal vesicles) and the damaged testicular structure. The present results indicated that the administrated metformin at high doses led to significant decrease (p < 0.05) in total count of sperm, motility and in weights of all sex organs such as testes, epididymis, prostate glands and seminal vesicle, while significant increase (p < 0.05) in sperm abnormalities and dead sperm. Also, the results showed that the diabetes and exposure to metformin caused many malformations of sperm such as shattered sperm, the lacking, hooked and quirky tail, while the abnormalities of head included the lacking, Globozoospermia and elliptical head. The histological damages in testicular structure were observed including the destroyed and raised thickness of connective tissue among seminiferous tubules, necrosis and reduction numbers of spermatocytes along with the congestion of blood vessels. Many histological alterations occurred clearly due to treated with high dose of metformin after diabetic experimentally including the most affected structural troubles as large fracture of seminiferous tubules, expansion of bloody congestion and raise of necrosis in testicular structure.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5757_d0f0828564ae0ec38a271a03b517ebd1.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Estimation of ozone content employing ground- based UV measurements over Baghdad City, Iraq 747 755 5758 10.22124/cjes.2022.5758 EN Basim I. Wahab Department of Atmospheric Science, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 28 In terms of surface temperature control, ozone is a greenhouse gas that has a significant influence on weather and climate system regulation. O3 absorbs the visible and ultraviolet region of the spectrum solar radiation, leading to a variation in the electronic energy of the molecule. The more powerful absorption occurs in UV rays, with lower absorption in the visible region. O3 may absorb the infrared (IR rays) of the earth's atmospheric system. The methods used in the present study were based on ground-based UV measurements over Baghdad City- Iraq, where the considered UV radiation values were measured every 10 minutes during the period from October 2014 to December 2015. The sun radiation was measured by a station located at Mustansiriyah University in Iraq (33º08’44” N; 44º05’53” E; altitude 34 m). The results showed a positive direct relationship between the ultraviolet B (UV-B) and Global Solar Radiation (G) for hourly values in Baghdad, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.885, and the UV levels rise with an increase in G. As a result, an empirical relationship association between them were established. In all areas of correlation relationship, the Determination Coefficient (R2) of the two variables was greater than 0.98. With a good agreement between calculated values of hourly UV (UVe), and corresponding measured values (UVm), correlation coefficient R = 0.94. Calculated linear regression accounted for 90 % of the variance. So, the results of the UV-G relationship may be used to estimate UV-B values for measurements taken over a period of time at the Mustansiriyah site, for values that are difficult to measure, or for any place in Baghdad or the central area of Iraq, or sites with comparable climates.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5758_ff3607dce6ede7e9d6feadfa057acaec.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Practice of intercropping and its impact on legume productivity in Egypt 757 764 5759 10.22124/cjes.2022.5759 EN Mahmoud M. Abbas Plant Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt Ali Obaid Hajray Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Iraq Waleed Khalid Al-Azzawi Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq Waleed K. Alkhafaje Anaesthesia Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq Ola Kamal A. Alkadir Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Samma Ali. Al-Zubaidei Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq Salam Ahjel Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq Alaa Abdulhussein Noori Alhakeem Medical Device Engineering, Ashur University College, Baghdad, Iraq Heba Takleef Al Salami Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq Doaa A. Hamad Nursing Department, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq Khaldoon T. Falih New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq Obaida Baaj Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Department of Basic Sciences, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria Journal Article 2022 08 28 In Egypt, conserving irrigation water and raising crop output are significant concerns. Egypt's climate ranges from semi-arid and arid to desert. The number of summer legumes cultivated on a per-capita basis is declining. Excessively applied nitrogen (N) mineral fertilization and irrigation water are widespread agricultural techniques that harm the quality of the soil and the surrounding environment. It should be possible to increase overall agricultural yield while working with scarce agricultural resources through intercropping. In developing countries, intercropping is the most common farming system for increasing and maintaining agricultural production. As a widely spaced crop, maize provides ample opportunity for the practice of intercropping. Legumes are well-known for their effectiveness as intercropping companions. In light of this information, an investigation into the possibility of intercropping maize with legumes, specifically groundnut and green gram, was carried out. Seeds for groundnuts and green grams were sown between rows of paired row maize. The results demonstrated that the intercropping system had no considerable impact on maize grain and straw yields. However, there was a substantial disparity in total biomass production between the experiments; maize and groundnut (2:3) recorded the highest yield, followed by groundnut (2:2) and green gram (2:3). The land equivalent ratio (LER) unequivocally demonstrated the benefits of intercropping, and the highest LER was achieved by growing maize and groundnut (2:1).

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5759_0b843def29f8affd160524726f13446c.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Efficiency of biologically and locally manufactured silver nanoparticles from Aspergillus niger in preventing Aspergillus flavus to produce aflatoxin B1 on the stored maize grains 765 773 5760 10.22124/cjes.2022.5760 EN Abrar A. Haider Plant protection Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq Halima Z. Hussein Plant protection Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 28 This study was conducted in the mycotoxins laboratory, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq to evaluate the efficiency of silver nanoparticles manufactured locally and biologically by Aspergillus niger in preventing A. flavus to produce aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The results of laboratory isolation showed that the companion of fungi genera were Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillum spp. and Rhizopus spp. at rates of 5.66, 14.91, 21.18 and 38.86% respectively. The highest frequency of A. flavus was 19.32%. The results of the TLC test showed that all isolates produced AFB1 in varying rates (%), and the Baghdad / Al-Youssifia isolate was the most productive of AFB1, since it has a largest spot area and most intense fluorescence under the chromatographic plate, hence given a symbolic name AFBY7. The results of HPLC showed that the toxin concentration in the AFBY7 isolate was 124.167 ppb. Also, the results showed the high efficiency of A. niger in the manufacture of silver nanoparticles, as the colour of solution changed from yellow to dark brown. On the other hand, the results of using locally and biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles in the storage experiment to prevent the fungus from producing toxin showed superiority of treatments (T) 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg L-1, since AFB1 was 0.0 ppb compared to T0.2 (3.990 ppb). In addition, the results showed the efficiency of locally and biologically manufactured silver nanoparticles used in reducing AFB1 in the storage experiment of maize grains stored. So that, T0.6 and T0.8 were superior in reducing the AFB1 to 0.0, compared to T0.2 and T0.4, leading AFB1 to reach 10.230 and 5.180 ppb respectively.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5760_b3a937e9c0b3b69c0087ffbef897c272.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Response of wheat varieties, Triticum aestivum L., to spraying by iron nano-fertilizer 775 783 5764 10.22124/cjes.2022.5764 EN Kareem Hanon Mohsen Department of Crops, Agriculture College, Basrah University, Iraq Sabreen H.A. Alrubaiee Department of Crops, Agriculture College, Basrah University, Iraq Taghreed M. K. ALfarjawi Department of Crops, Agriculture College, Basrah University, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 29 A field experiment was carried out in winter 2019 in the north of Basra Governorate to find response of four varieties of wheat (Baraka, Tammuz-2, Latifia and Ibaa-95) to different concentrations of iron nano-fertilizer (0, 1, 2 and 3 g L-1). The experiment was designed by applying factorial experiments using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. This study revealed the superiority of variety Baraka in grain yield and biological yield, which reached 4.892 and 12.943 ton ha-1, respectively, as a result of its superiority in growth characteristics and yield components. Iron nano-fertilizer exhibited a significant impact on all studied traits, so that, 3 g L-1 displayed the highest average of grain yield (4.966 ton ha-1). Regarding to the interactions, the variety Baraka by spraying iron nan-fertilizer at 3 g L-1 exhibited the highest average of grain yield (5.800 ton ha-1) due to its superiority in yield components.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5764_276ba10a49cb71bce6a0fb8f2046d7f4.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Effects of the silver nanoparticle synthesis from the leaves of the Capparis spinosa plant on the liver of mice infected with visceral leishmaniasis 785 791 5765 10.22124/cjes.2022.5765 EN Baraa T. Falih Department of Biology, College of Science, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Sabaa T. Mohammed Department of Biology, College of Science, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Nadheer J. Mohammed Department of Biology, College of Science, AL-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 29 To know the effect of the Capparies silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis from the leaves of the Capparis spinosa plant on the liver enzymes GOT, GPT and the histology of the liver in infected mice with visceral leishmaniasis (VL), they were dosed with 0.1 mL day-1 and pentostam drug (0.01 mL day-1) for 21 days. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles of the Capparies spinosa, led to a significant decrease in liver enzymes, i.e., GOT and GPT after three weeks, compared to the positive control group. Also, it was noted that the liver tissue was less affected with a slight expansion of the hepatic sinusoids and a decrease in lymphocyte infiltration.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5765_859ca9b87631a31f76abb88e7e037ed6.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Effects of planting date and spraying with organic fertilizers on vegetative growth indices of dill plant (Anethum graveolens L.) 793 798 5766 10.22124/cjes.2022.5766 EN Qudama Z. A. Al-Dulaimy Horticulture and Landscaping Department, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq Hameed S. Hammad Horticulture and Landscaping Department, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq Raad A. Al-Tamimi Horticulture and Landscaping Department, College of Agriculture, University of Diyala, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 30 A factorial field experiment in a split-plot design was carried out in Kannan district, Diyala Governorate, mid-east of Iraq, during the agricultural season 2020-2021 to study the effect of planting date and spraying with organic fertilizers on growth and qualitative characteristics of dill plant (Anethum graveolens L.). The experiment included three replicates, each comprising 15 factorial treatments. Experiment factors included three planting dates (20/9, 10/10 and 1/11) and three types of organic fertilizers (humic fertilizers, seaweed extracts and amino acids). Organic fertilizers were sprayed three times during the vegetative growth stage. Results indicate that the plants growing on the first date (20/9) significantly outperformed in plant height, the number of leaves, chlorophyll content and dry matter percentage, which amounted to 42.48 cm, 5.8 leaf plant-1, 28.06 mg per 100 g fresh weight and 8.52%, respectively. The second date (10/10) were significantly superior in vegetative yield which amounted to 26.791ton ha-1. All fertilizers were significantly outperformed control treatment in plant height, the number of leaves and branches, chlorophyll percentage, vegetative yield and dry matter percentage.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5766_91d1854e45504bb4df1d00c834e717ae.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Effects of different levels of dietary zinc supplementation on the testis parameters of the Japanese quail males 799 803 5767 10.22124/cjes.2022.5767 EN Safaa S. Hussein Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq Mohammed A. AL-Bayar Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 30 This study was conducted in poultry farm of Agriculture College, University of Anbar, Iraq to assess the effects of different levels of zinc as dietary supplementation in volume density and relative weight of Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica testis contents. Sixty males of 35 day-olds were used in this study. Quails distributed randomly in four treatments and three replicates, each including 5 males. Birds fed balanced diets contain four levels of metal zinc as: T1: control diet without any addition of zinc; T2: diet by adding 25 mg kg-1; T3: 50 mg kg-1; and T4: 75 mg kg-1. Males were slaughtered at 147th day-old then testes weight, testes relative weight, seminiferous tubules, interstitial cells volume density and relative weights (mg g-1) as well as diameters of seminiferous tubules were measured. Results exhibited no significant differences in testis weight and relative weights in all treatments compared to control group. Significant elevation (p < 0.0001) in volume density of spermatogonia was observed in T3 and T4. Significant differences (p < 0.0001) was found in volume density of spermatocytes in all treatments. There was also significant increasing (p < 0.1433) in total sperm contents in T4. Data refers to significant rise (p < 0.0024) in relative weight of spermatogonia in T3, and also significant elevation (p < 0.0453) in volume density of spermatocytes in T3 and T4.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5767_c83cc28c7ccc727ef0dcec863b0d0fc3.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Heavy metal concentrations in water, sediments, Cladophora and two fish species from Al-Masab Alamm River, Al- Nassiriya, Iraq 805 812 5768 10.22124/cjes.2022.5768 EN Sanaa Talib Jawad Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Thi-Qar. Iraq Ahmed F. Shihab General Directorate of Education, Thi-Qar. Iraq, Ministry of Education, Iraq Qasim Muhammad Al-Taher Department of biology, College of basic Education/ University of Sumer, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 30 Heavy metal pollution is a serious threat for human health relating to their toxicity and bioaccumulation in the food chain which made this problem as global public health issue. The current study aimed to determine the heavy metal concentrations and their toxicity in water, sediment, Cladophora and the gill, liver and muscle of Liza abu and Barbus barbus in Al-Masab Alamm River, Al Nassiriya, Iraq. The samples were included thirty fishes and there were three selected sample stations covered the area on the river. The heavy metal levels were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the heavy metal concentrations in water, sediment, algae and the sampled fishes exceeded the acceptable levels for World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Heavy metal levels were estimated in different tissues of fish. The results revealed that most of the heavy metal concentrations were high in gills, liver and muscles respectively. Lead and copper accumulated higher in liver than in the other tissues.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5768_4f87c2b5bebd80ef1a3b5c505e9bca74.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Detecting genetics of several isolated bacterial species from soils by hydrocarbons 813 819 5771 10.22124/cjes.2022.5771 EN Rana AH AL-Lami Biology Department, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Ithar Kamil Al-Mayaly Biology Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 31 The presence of hydrocarbons in the soil is considered one of the main problems of pollution. In our current study, eight samples isolated from soil saturated with hydrocarbons were taken from different areas of Baghdad, Iraq. In this study, 5 isolates belonging to Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 99%, 4 isolates to Klebsiella pneumoniae by 98%, and 3 isolates to Enterobacter hormaechei by 97% were diagnosed in different ways. A molecular examination was also conducted by 16sRNA. We recorded P. aeruginosa, K. Pneumoniae and E. hormaechei as new local isolates in NCBI. In addition, a comparison was made between our isolates and the global isolates to determine the degree of convergence in the evolutionary line. The genes alkB and nahAc7 were diagnosed in P. aeruginosa capable of degradation hydrocarbons. The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial species that resist the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil and also to diagnose some genes in the bacteria responsible for degradation of hydrocarbons in order to find the biological treatment methods.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5771_25431ac12c37eb171cdfcbbcccb83bd9.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Trypsin-based diet for the growth indices of Spanish mackerel 821 826 5772 10.22124/cjes.2022.5772 EN Waleed K. Alkhafaje Anesthesia Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq Holya A. Lafta Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq Ali Abdulhussain Fadhil College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-farahidi University, Iraq Ali Hussein Adhab Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq Ali Jalil Obaid Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq Rahman S. Zabibah Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq Enas R. Alwaily Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq Doha Karim Khodir Department of Pharmacy, Ashur University College, Baghdad, Iraq Heba Takleef Al Salami Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq Mansour Almouh College of Veterinary Medicine, Hama University, Hama, Syria Hamdan Naef College of Veterinary Medicine, Al Furat University, Deirez-Zor, Syria Mahmoud M. Abbas Plant Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt Journal Article 2022 08 31 To protect the sustainability of the aquaculture industry, fishmeal is being replaced with alternative feed ingredients such as plant-based protein components. However, most plant-based feedstuffs contain a wide array of anti-nutritional factors. These factors can potentially hinder nutrient consumption, which in turn can interfere with fish health and performance. Protease enzyme supplements can reverse the impacts of anti-nutritional factors and enhance fish growth. This study aimed to incorporate the trypsin enzyme into the food of Spanish mackerel and explore its effects on growth factors, body composition, and blood biochemical parameters. This study was a fully-randomized experiment with three treatments and three replications. This experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications, and the trypsin enzyme was added to the fish diet at different levels: 0%, 0.015%, and 0.025%. For a timeframe of 60 days, the fish were given experimental diets. The growth indices considered were: specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF), feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain percentage (WGP), and hepatic steatosis index (HSI). The results showed that FCR, PER, SGR, and WGP at enzyme levels of 0.015% and 0.025% were substantially different from the control group.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5772_dccc1ebdb002bf80e174fde3be5e7c8a.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Estimation of predictive potential of El Nino (La Nina) for long-term precipitation forecast in Iraq 827 833 5773 10.22124/cjes.2022.5773 EN Mohanad Ismael Khalbas Albw Jbianah Soil Sciences and Water Resources, College of Agriculture, Wasit University, Wasit, IRAQ Journal Article 2022 08 31 The El Nino- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is the most important form of tropical climate change. By modifying the distribution of rainfall and temperatures, it sometimes engenders devastating effects in many tropical regions and even in high latitudes. The aim of this study was to choose the El Nino event as a potential predictor for long-term precipitation forecast in Iraq in the presence of opposite patterns in Iraq's precipitation distribution at different phases of the El Nino event. The results indicate that calculating the frequency of occurrence of precipitation gradations in Iraq during the warm and cold phases of ENSO are presented in Tables 2 and 3.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5773_63cc32df209bc926601c4c05a85481d0.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Effects of adding ginseng roots to diet on productive traits of Ross-308 broilers exposed to heat stress 835 838 5774 10.22124/cjes.2022.5774 EN Doaa M A J Annooz Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Njaf, Iraq Ammar H Areaaer Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Njaf, Iraq Journal Article 2022 08 31 The current study was carried out on a poultry farm that belongs the Animal Production Department, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Iraq for a period from 10 September through 14 October 2020 in 5 weeks. In this study, we assessed the effects of adding antioxidant (ascorbic acid) and red ginseng root powder (Panax) in reducing the effects of heat stress. The experiment included 240 unsexed Ross-308 cross chicks, one-day old, with an average initial weight of 40 g. The chicks were divided into 4 treatments encompassing 60 chicks per treatment with three replications (each 20 chick). The treatments including control diet fed on standard ration (T1), diets with the added red ginseng root powder (Panax( at 2 g kg-1 feed (T2), 4 g kg-1 (T3) and 6 g kg-1 (T4). The chicks were fed on starter diet for the first 21 days and a final diet from 22nd to 35th days. The results showed that T4 were significantly (p < 0.05) superior to the control treatment by recording the highest average live body weight, total weight gain, and total feed consumption rate as well as the lowest value of feed conversion factor.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5774_a302ac5dd77872d89bebf1e3d875d795.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Effects of water shortage on food legume crops 839 844 5776 10.22124/cjes.2022.5776 EN Kholoud Ahmad Batayneh Al-Israa University, Amman, Jordan Marwa Gaber Abdel Razzaq Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Misan, Iraq Tiba Ghazuan Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq Huda Sabah Jabr Anesthesia Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq Noora M. Hameed Anesthesia Techniques, Al–Nisour University College, Iraq Rahman S. Zabibah Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq Fahad Najd Obaid Altoosi University College, Najaf, Iraq Ali Jalil Obaid Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Hilla University College, Babylon, Iraq Hayfaa Attia Thijail College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq Salam Ahjel Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq Ghada Safaa Medical Laboratory Technology, Ashur University College, Baghdad, Iraq Hatem Ghaleb Maabreh People’s Friendship University, Russia Journal Article 2022 09 01 The clamor for agricultural resources is being pushed up by global climatic change and population growth. Such consequences are huge challenges to food security, wreaking havoc on the agroecosystem and causing biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, which in turn cause metabolic and physiological problems. Food legume crops contribute to food security in underdeveloped countries by playing an essential role in conservation farming methods. Drought has, nevertheless, exhibited a negative impact on productivity in many parts of the world. While water shortage is a significant abiotic barrier to legume crop output, drought impacts differ depending on drought timing, agro-climatic area, soil texture, and legume species. To resolve these concerns, we gathered data from the recent publications that revealed drought-induced changes in the production of monoculture legumes in field circumstances and examined it using meta-analysis approaches. Research findings revealed that the water cut’s quantity was strongly associated with a decrease in yield. However, the magnitude of the effect differed depending on the phenological stage of the drought and legume species. The legumes such as groundnut and lentil exhibited the lowest yield reductions (31.2% and 19.6% for groundnut and lentil, accordingly), however, the biggest yield drop (39.8%) facing the maximum water reduction was for faba bean.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5776_19f3524458b8630e663e787a423a04a4.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Molecular study of the genus Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) in Iraq 845 848 5777 10.22124/cjes.2022.5777 EN Aboothar Ha. Al Edhari Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq Shayma M. Al Rahbawi Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq Abdullah Sh. Sardar Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Salahaddin, Erbil, Erbil, Iraq Journal Article 2022 09 01 This study was conducted to investigate the complete sequences of nuclear ITS region, which determined five species of Eryngium L. Apiaceae in Iraq to inference phylogenetic relationships. Pycnocycla aucheriana was used as outgroups. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using ClastalW in MEGA6 version 7.0.4.1 with high supported (bootstrapping) value for each clade in a dendrogram. The phylogenetic trees showed Eryngium glomerutum as the basal lineage in a dendrogram. The sister clade to E. glomerutum was E. billardieri which form the second clade in phylogenetic trees. The third clade included only E. creticum which is considered as a sister clade to the E. campestre and E. thyrosoideum in the dendrogram. Finally, the monophylly of each clade was well supported, and phylogenetic relationships between Enyngium species was cleared based on DNA Sequencing character.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5777_b8e406f6af875d2db5966996aaecb5b2.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 Recording some spider species in Al- Najaf, Iraq 849 853 5778 10.22124/cjes.2022.5778 EN Aliaa H. Mizhir Department of Ecology and Pollution, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq Journal Article 2022 09 01 A total of 93 Individuals of wild spiders were collected from June through September 2019, from different regions of Al-Najaf Province, Iraq. Five spider species were recorded, four belong to Araneae order: Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1825), Habronttus aestus Maddison, sp. n., Artema doriae (Thorell, 1881) and Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour 1820). One species belonging to order Solifugae is Galeodes arabs C.L. Koch, 1842. This is the first record of species H. aestus in Iraq. The results also showed that the highest rate of the appearance of H. aestus was 61.3%, while the lowest belonged to G. arab (4%).

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5778_66d1c94716be860ea2cd12b6c5191a86.pdf

University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 20 4 2022 10 01 The double infection diagnosis, fungal and insect on date palm offshoot Phoenix dactylifera with treatment pesticides and practical technique 855 858 5779 10.22124/cjes.2022.5779 EN Iyad Abid Almuhsin Ahmed College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IRAQ Methaq J Al-Jboori College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IRAQ Zina Kh. AlBahadly College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, IRAQ Journal Article 2022 09 01 This study was carried out several times in the field during September 2019 in Baghdad Governorate and these data are the results of the last observation in the field. Cultivation of palm offshoots of the yellow Barhi variety, the first strain in quality and production were the number offshoots was 75, 25-40 kg weighed, which were divided into three groups, each one was 25 offshoots. The first group was subjected to a comparison treatment (control), while in the second group the offshoots were treated by immersion before planting with a solution containing a systemic fungicide (Biltanol) at a concentration of 1 mL L-1, and then immersed in a solution containing a type of insecticide (Cinfidor) at a concentration of 1 mL L-1 and then planted and controlled after 2 months of planting by the same pesticides and with the same concentration. In the case of third group, it was controlled after 2 months of planting with the same pesticides above, and after a year of planting and services. A success rate was obtained as 60%, 100% and 96% in the first, second and third treatment consecutively. The insect was diagnosed as a red scale parlatotoria Blanchardi, while the fungus was diagnosed in the laboratory by a direct examination and using a light microscope as Fusarium oxysporium. The aim of the study was to reduce the number of dead offshoots after planting in the field.

https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_5779_d9fe1e6e6bf1916d092fdc3dd7f2e456.pdf