University of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Bund flora in the traditional rice paddy terraces in some foothill landscapes of Guilan Province, N. Iran, towards conservation of phytodiversity in agroecosystems849859807510.22124/cjes.2024.8075ENMaryamAshouriDepartment of Biology, Faculty of basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranAlirezaNaqinezhadDepartment of Plant Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranAkbarNorastehniaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of basic Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20241015One of the most important drivers of floristic biodiversity in the agricultural landscapes is semi-natural edge habitats. Rice paddy terraces are mostly found in the foothills and sub-montane parts of Iran's northern provinces, whereas rice is mostly farmed in the country's lowlands. The present study provides information on the floristic distribution of rice-terraced paddy bunds in the foothill areas of northern Iran. A total of 121 species, representing 29 families of vascular plants were recorded. Therophytes (50.4%) were the most frequent life forms, indicating typical ruderal vegetation and environmental disturbances. The most dominant chorotypes of recorded species were pluri-regional (53.7%) and cosmopolitan (15.7%) elements. In terms of conservation status, there are five species on the IUCN Red List that are mainly classified in the "least concern" category. Alien species are estimated to comprise 19.8 % of the flora. The results of the current study can be used as a scientific backbone for developing agricultural landscape management and conservation plans in Iran.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_8075_8e329281f5ad34508f0d412c4cbe7dfa.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Geochemical assessment of iron and manganese accumulation in woody and herbaceous vegetation of forest ecosystems, Northeast Kazakhstan861870920310.22124/cjes.2025.9203ENSholpanZhumadinaS. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, KazakhstanKlaraIzbastinaS. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Astana, KazakhstanAimanKarabalayevaAstana International University, Astana, KazakhstanDinaraShakenevaMargulan University, Pavlodar, KazakhstanTemirbayDaribayL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, KazakhstanArailymKurmanovaL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, KazakhstanLatipaKozhamzharovaNational Center for Professional development «Orleu», Astana, KazakhstanSauleMukhtubayevaAstana Botanical Garden” Branch of the Republican State Enterprise on the Right of Economic Management “Institute of Botany and Phytoinroduction, Astana, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121The article presents the results of a comprehensive geochemical assessment of the iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) accumulation in woody and herbaceous vegetation of forest ecosystems in the North-East Kazakhstan: the Chaldai ribbon pine forest and the Bayanaul State National Nature Park (BSNP). The study covers four impact zones: protected, natural, anthropogenic and post-fire. A comparative analysis of element concentrations in plants and soils was carried out, and key biogeochemical coefficients were calculated: biotoxicity (PBE), accumulation (Kn), concentration (Kc) and background accumulation (Ko). The results showed that manganese plays a more active role in the biogeochemical cycle, especially in areas with high anthropogenic impact. Iron mainly accumulates in herbaceous forms, but does not reach a physiologically favorable Fe:Mn ratio (2:1), which may indicate stressful conditions for vegetation. In both forest areas, signs of aerotechnogenic pollution were established, while the level of pollution according to the integral indicator Zc was classified as weak. The obtained data confirm the sensitivity of plants to technogenic load and the need for regular environmental monitoring.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9203_59d720987a31afd9d059bfd3c169cde2.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Biogeochemical migration of heavy metals in the soil-plant system of Taraz, Kazakhstan: Effects of phosphorus plant emissions871883920410.22124/cjes.2025.9204ENUlbossyn Y.YerkinbekDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, KazakhstanRoza M.BakesovaWest Kazakhstan Innovative Technological University, Uralsk, KazakhstanGabit A.SharipovDepartment of Civil Defense and Military Training, Malik Gabdullin Academy of Civil Protection of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kokshetau, KazakhstanAyagoz S.MendigaliyevaWest Kazakhstan Innovative Technological University, Institute of education and management, Department of Physical Culture and Informatics, Uralsk, KazakhstanMeruyert M.ZhylkyshybaevaDepartments “Animal Biology named after N.U. Bazanova”, Faculties “Veterinary and Zooengineering”, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, KazakhstanKaratay Y.ShalabayevDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, KazakhstanDinara B.ZhamalovaNon-profit limited company Akhmet Baitursyuli Kostanay regional University Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Kostanay, KazakhstanDauren M.BotbayevSatbayev University, Almaty, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121The article discusses the effects of emissions from the Taraz phosphorus plant on soil and vegetation. Analytical data showed that the soils of the investigated sites around the "Kazphosphate" plants, located at various distances from the main plant chimneys, are contaminated with mobile and total forms of zinc, cadmium, and copper. The contamination occurs to a depth of 0–30 cm in all directions according to the wind rose. These elements are the main soil pollutants. According to granulometric indicators, the soil is generally light in texture—sandy, loamy sand, and light loam. In these areas, there is a possibility of heavy metals leaching downward and entering groundwater, posing a threat to the surrounding ecosystem, including humans. Research results showed that the zinc and copper levels in plants were below hazardous thresholds. However, the cadmium and lead levels were several times higher than permissible limits, especially cadmium in the western direction and lead in all directions, particularly east and south. These zones require soil and plant heavy metal monitoring and bioremediation measures.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9204_908b9c2cea91b32e42a2dd7a9ed2378b.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Phytosanitary diagnostics of apple powdery mildew, Podosphaera leucotricha and apple scab, Venturia inaequalis885891920510.22124/cjes.2025.9205ENKanatGalymbekAbai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk st.13, 050010, Almaty, KazakhstanAigulMadenovaKazakh Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, Gagarin st. 238/5, 050060, Almaty, KazakhstanSerikBakirovAbai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk st.13, 050010, Almaty, KazakhstanYergaliTastanovCentral Asian Innovative University, Madeli khozha st. 137, 160023, Shymkent, KazakhstanRimmaUaliyevaToraighyrov University, Lomov st.46, 140008, Pavlodar, KazakhstanSayanZhangazinL.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpaeva st. 2, 010008, Astana, KazakhstanSaltanatArystanovaM. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Tauke Khan st.5,160009, Shymkent, KazakhstanAinurSeilkhanAbai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Dostyk st.13, 050010, Almaty, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121The article presents the results of phytosanitary monitoring of apple orchards in the Almaty region, Kazakhstan conducted in 2023. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution and development level of major fungal diseases of apple trees – scab, <em>Venturia inaequalis</em> and powdery mildew, <em>Podosphaera leucotricha</em> – under the conditions of Southern and Southeastern Kazakhstan. Surveys were carried out in the orchards of “Koram” farm (Koram village, Enbekshikazakh district), where nine apple cultivars (Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious, Quinti, Red Delicious, Shaphida, Korean, and Stark Earliest) were grown on an area of 110 ha. For the phytosanitary assessment, 95–100 trees of each cultivar were examined, and 2500–3000 leaves per cultivar were analyzed. The results revealed cultivar-specific susceptibility to fungal pathogens. Scab infection was recorded in Gala, Golden Delicious, and Stark Earliest (15.0–22.0% prevalence with a low development level of 0.4–1.3%). Symptoms of powdery mildew were observed in Gala, Fuji, Golden Delicious, and Red Delicious, where the prevalence reached 30.0–33.3%, while the disease development remained weak (0.3–1.5%). No symptoms of either disease were detected in the Quinti, Shaphida, and Korean cultivars. Thus, Gala, Golden Delicious, and Red Delicious were identified as the most susceptible cultivars, whereas Quinti, Shaphida, and Korean demonstrated relative resistance to scab and powdery mildew. The findings confirm the necessity of systematic phytosanitary monitoring of orchards and may serve as a scientific basis for breeding programs and for the introduction of resistant apple cultivars in the southern regions of Kazakhstan.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9205_e28e95c1bd1de1a43bd0622006e6b943.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Climate evolution from the Miocene to the present in central and southeastern Kazakhstan: Evidence from Aktau Mountain and Kushuk localities893902920610.22124/cjes.2025.9206ENShahizadaAkmagambetHigh School of Natural Sciences of Astana International University, 8 Kabanbay Batyra Av., 000010, Astana, KazakhstanAizhanZhamangaraHigh School of Natural Sciences of Astana International University, 8 Kabanbay Batyra Av., 000010, Astana, KazakhstanAnarMyrzagaliyevaHigh School of Natural Sciences of Astana International University, 8 Kabanbay Batyra Av., 000010, Astana, KazakhstanRuslanMuratovHigh School of Natural Sciences of Astana International University, 8 Kabanbay Batyra Av., 000010, Astana, KazakhstanZhannaAdamzhanovaHigh School of Natural Sciences of Astana International University, 8 Kabanbay Batyra Av., 000010, Astana, KazakhstanTalantSamarkhanovHigh School of Natural Sciences of Astana International University, 8 Kabanbay Batyra Av., 000010, Astana, KazakhstanAizhanZadagaliHigh School of Natural Sciences of Astana International University, 8 Kabanbay Batyra Av., 000010, Astana, KazakhstanAnuarbekKakabayevDepartment of Geography and Ecology, M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University, 114 University, Rushkin str, 150000, Petropavlovsk, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121Reconstructing past climate dynamics in Central Asia is essential for understanding the Cenozoic evolution of ecosystems and regional climate patterns. This study presents a comparative paleoclimate analysis of two coeval Early Miocene floras from Kazakhstan: Aktau Mountain (also known as Dzhungar Aktau, Ili Depression, Southeastern Kazakhstan) and Kushuk (Turgai Depression, Central Kazakhstan). Using the Coexistence Approach (CA), we reconstructed key climatic parameters including mean annual temperature (MAT), coldest and warmest month temperatures (CMT, and WMT), and mean annual precipitation (MAP). The results indicate that both regions experienced warm and humid conditions during the Miocene (MAT ~14 °C, and MAP ~900–1000 mm), favorable for the development of forested ecosystems. In contrast, paleoclimate simulations from CHELSA TraCE21k reveal that during the Last Glacial Maximum (~21 ka) both localities were characterized by colder and drier conditions (MAT < 0 °C, and MAP 88–350 mm). Modern climate assessments show strong discrepancies between global climate models (CHELSA v2.1), which significantly overestimate temperature and precipitation, and regional meteorological data (Kazhydromet), documenting a strongly continental and arid climate (MAT 11.8 °C, MAP 218 mm in Aktau; and MAT 2.5 °C, MAP 275 mm in Kushuk). Our findings highlight a long-term climatic trajectory from humid Miocene conditions through arid Pleistocene environments to the modern sharply continental climate of Kazakhstan. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating paleobotanical evidence, global climate models, and observational meteorological datasets to achieve reliable reconstructions of the past and present climate dynamics in Central Asia.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9206_67e4b809b03fcbc38e12e9a749d929f3.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Comparative study of the composition and biological activity of polyphenols of currants, raspberries and strawberries903910920710.22124/cjes.2025.9207ENZhanarBotbayevaDepartment "Technology and standardization", JSC "K. Kulazhanov kazakh university of technology and business», Astana, KazakhstanGulzhanAssemovaDepartment "Microbiology and virology named after Sh. Sarbasova”, NJSC "Medical University Astana”, Astana, KazakhstanBotbayevaMadinaDepartment "Microbiology and virology named after Sh. Sarbasova”, NJSC "Medical University Astana”, Astana, KazakhstanBissimbayevaSaliyaLaboratory of the first city hospital, R. Koshkarbaev, Astana, KazakhstanDuissebekovaGulbanuDepartment "Microbiology and virology named after Sh. Sarbasova”, NJSC "Medical University Astana”, Astana, KazakhstanSarsenovaAigerimDepartment "Microbiology and virology named after Sh. Sarbasova”, NJSC "Medical University Astana”, Astana, KazakhstanMoldashevaElmiraDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe, KazakhstanAinurZheldybayevaDepartment of Food Biotechnology, Almaty Technological University, Almaty, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121Berry fruits are of great nutritional and medicinal importance due to their polyphenolic compounds. The current research provided a comparative study of the polyphenolic compounds and bioactive activities of three fruits, currants (grapes), raspberries and strawberries, cultivated in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. Polyphenolic compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and antioxidant activity was determined using two assays, DPPH and FRAP, and also for the alpha-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibitory activities. Quantitative analysis indicated that there were significant differences in the polyphenolic profile of these fruits. Total polyphenol content in strawberry (520.6 mg g<sup>-1</sup> dry weight) was significantly higher than raspberry (452.8) and currant (385.5). Strawberries had a very high content of this compound, i.e., 223 mg/100 g dry weight of anthocyanins. Raspberries, however, had the highest content of ellagitannins (158.4 mg/100 g dry weight) and had the highest DPPH free radical inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ value of 38.5 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>). Currants were also the richest in these compounds and had 1.151 mg/100 g dry weight of flavonols. In the enzyme inhibition test, raspberries were the most potent inhibitors of the enzymes alpha-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 0.65 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>) and acetylcholinesterase (IC₅₀ = 1.15 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>). The results of this research clearly show that all these fruits possess a unique chemical fingerprint and hence have varying health-promoting potential, which can be utilized as a scientific basis for the development of targeted nutraceutical products.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9207_1d5f6702c00714db7d7a454757974057.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Ecological and economic basis for the effective use of forest resources in Kazakhstan (using the example of Semey Orman)911917920810.22124/cjes.2025.9208ENBotakozSekeyDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, KazakhstanKulyashKaimuldinovaDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, KazakhstanMiraYelekeshevaNJSC Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University” Uralsk, Almaty, KazakhstanArailymAmantayevaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Almaty, KazakhstanAssetTazabekovSatbayev University, Almaty, KazakhstanAssetSatayevNJSC Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University” Uralsk, Almaty, KazakhstanNazymAltynbayNCJSC "Al-Farabi Kazakh National University" Research Institute of Sustainability of Ecology and Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanManiraZhamanbayevaD. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121The study aims to construct an ecological-economic model for sustainable development of the forest resources in the Semirechye region of Kazakhstan. Under a scenario where economic strain and environmental deterioration threaten the very sustenance of these invaluable regions, the present investigation presents a scientific analysis of the scenario and points towards operational solutions to balance conservation and development goals. The satellite imagery interpretation, field studies, and semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders were employed to collect data for the research. The results show that excessive dependence on the revenue from wood (176.7 million tenge a year) together with alarming forest health indicators (35% of pines damaged) and regeneration rates (85 stems/hectare of pines) have made the current model unsustainable. On the other hand, examination of the potential alternatives shows that the production of non-timber forest products (potential income 20.6 million tenge), ecotourism (12.5 million tenge), and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration (45 million tenge) have the potential to increase the overall annual income of the area to 236.1 million tenge. This transformation in the economy would not only improve the ecological resilience of the forest, but also lay the foundation for a more diversified and resilient economic base. The study concludes that sustainable management in Semey-Orman can be achieved by moving beyond the traditional single-product system towards an integrated and multi-purpose one that ensures smart timber production in addition to the development of conservation-oriented economic capabilities.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9208_e2f08024c5faa8c5d569361d77d3ad90.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Methodological approaches to keeping saigas in winter: Experience of semi-fenced breeding919925920910.22124/cjes.2025.9209ENZhanbolatIbraibekovDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Innovation Technology Faculty, NAO "Karaganda Technical University named after Abylkas Saginov", Karaganda, KazakhstanYermekGabdullinHigher School of Natural Sciences, Pavlodar Pedagogical University named after Alkey Margulan, Pavlodar, KazakhstanAinagulSharipovaDepartment of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Toraighyrov University, Pavlodar, KazakhstanSaltanat Zh.KabievaHigher School of Natural Sciences, Pavlodar Pedagogical University named after Alkey Margulan, Pavlodar, KazakhstanAmanzholIssabekovState Institution "Innovative Center for Education Development" of the Department of Education of Pavlodar Region, Pavlodar, KazakhstanNatalya P.KorogodHigher School of Natural Sciences, Pavlodar Pedagogical University named after Alkey Margulan, Pavlodar, KazakhstanBakytzhamalGabdulkhayevaHigher School of Natural Sciences, Pavlodar Pedagogical University named after Alkey Margulan, Pavlodar, KazakhstanGulnarTulindinovaHigher School of Natural Sciences, Pavlodar Pedagogical University named after Alkey Margulan, Pavlodar, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121Saiga wintering in semi-confined conditions is one of the main conservation problems for this species in Kazakh steppes. The present research was designed and conducted in order to investigate the comparison between three various management nutritional strategies on the saigas' survival, health, and behavior within two consecutive winter seasons. A total of 120 saigas were divided into three various groups under full, semi-supplementary, and low nutritional management. Survival rates, changes in body weight, activity patterns in a day, social behavior, and shelter use were recorded and analyzed with conventional techniques. The results revealed that the fully nourished survived at a rate of 95%, while the minimally nourished had the survival index drop to 82.5%. The mean body weight losses in the fully nourished, semi-supplementary, and minimal groups were 2.2%, 7.8%, and 16.3%, respectively. Behaviorally, foraging time in the minimally supported group was 70% longer, resulting in a significant reduction of social interaction and shelter use. Moreover, a significant increase of daily distance traveled at temperatures less than or equal to -15 °C was observed in this group. The results of this study categorically confirm that a dynamic and adequate nutrition regime not only ensures population survival, but also, through a reduction in metabolic and behavioral stresses, ensures the maintenance of natural life rhythms and the population's resistance to winter stress. Such findings can be applied as a proper scientific basis for developing management protocols of semi-intensive saiga breeding and rehabilitation camps throughout Kazakhstan.
<strong> </strong>https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9209_d6b25d3b4849c9aeaf8df44b8bb9909e.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Spatial heterogeneity of soil pollution by heavy metals in areas of chromite ore mining927936921010.22124/cjes.2025.9210ENAitolkynAlimuratkyzyUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanGulzhanatMukanovaUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanTursunkulBazarbaevaUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanZulfiyaTukenovaUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanBatyrgeldyShimshikovUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanMaralAbdibattayevaUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanZhaziraBazarbayevaUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanSerikbayAbylaikhanUNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121The spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in the soil cover around the Don Mining and Processing Plant (Don MPP), a major chrome ore deposit and processing hub in Western Kazakhstan, was investigated through a comprehensive environmental assessment. Eighteen soil samples were collected across an anthropogenic gradient radiating from the industrial complex, including disturbed areas, reclamation mounds, and virgin soils. Physico-chemical characterization of the soil revealed neutral to moderately alkaline pH (7.15–8.25) and low organic matter content (0.85 %–2.15 %). Total concentrations of chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) were determined to assess pollution levels of the soil resulting from chrome-ore extraction and processing. Chromium and nickel exhibited significant enrichment, with maximum values reaching ~1,850 mg kg⁻¹ and ~480 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, far exceeding the national permissible limits. Geostatistical mapping indicated heavily localized contamination plumes emanating from the mine dumps and processing zones, while copper enrichment was moderate and largely confined to industrial yards. The results highlight the persistence of heavy-metal pollution in the soil cover of mining-impacted landscapes and underline the need for targeted remediation and continuous monitoring of soils in the vicinity of major ore deposits.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9210_a11b559fea11c1441a32dc7103040031.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Study of Plant biodiversity of various gorges in the mountain system of western Karatau based on the important plant areas (Mangistau, Kazakhstan)937953921110.22124/cjes.2025.9211ENAkzhunisImanbayevaLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanNurzhauganDuisenovaLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanSauleMukhtubayevaLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanZhannaAdamzhanovaLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanGulfaraBekbosynLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanGulsimDoschievaLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanAkimzhanLukmanovLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanGulnaraGassanovaLaboratory of Natural Flora and Dendrology, Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau 130000, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121This article presents the analysis of the allocation of important plant areas (IPA), which urgently identifies the most valuable sites for protecting plant objects. The study is based on a comprehensive inventory of the species composition of plants in the flora of the Western Karatau Ridge and the Mangyshlak Peninsula (arid regions)- key sites Akmysh, Samal, and Kogez, considered standard and the best preserved with natural vegetation cover. The flora of these critical sites was analyzed using a combination of field surveys, herbarium studies, and a literature review. The results revealed a rich biodiversity, with 104 species from 82 genera and 33 families. Most species belong to 9 families, making up 60.6% of the total taxa. By the nature of life forms, perennial herbaceous plants dominate in all key sites (30 species, 50.0%). The eco-phylogenetic spectrum showed that a significant share of the flora of the studied IPAs is made up of xerophytes (21 species, 35%) and xeromesophytes (9 species, 15%); desert and mountain-steppe species prevail (53.0%). Rare, endangered and Red Book species account for 10-21.3% of those growing in the region. Regarding economic value, fodder, ornamental, honey, medicinal and food species dominate. The Shannon, Simpson, and Jaccard indices assessed alpha-beta and gamma diversity. The index showed that biodiversity in the Samal and Kogez sites is higher and more evenly distributed compared to the Akmysh site. The Whittaker, Harrison and Cody indices confirm significant differences in the species composition between the sites. In light of these compelling results, a clear and urgent call to action is proposed to allocate these areas to the IPA category, a crucial step towards ensuring the long-term existence of natural biocenoses.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9211_7e13be46e0145165f2c047f8cbeea3ac.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Using biogenic polyvalent preparation for prophylaxis and treatment of diarrhea in calves955964921210.22124/cjes.2025.9212ENDamirKhussainovScientific Production Technical Center "Zhalyn", Almaty, KazakhstanZuraYessimsiitovaScientific Production Technical Center "Zhalyn", Almaty, KazakhstanIliaTissenScientific Production Technical Center "Zhalyn", Almaty, KazakhstanAbylaiSansyzbayScientific Production Technical Center "Zhalyn", Almaty, KazakhstanZhanikhaLessovaScientific Production Technical Center "Zhalyn", Almaty, KazakhstanAylaKayaNeurox Technology Ltd., TürkiyeMaxatBerdikulovScientific Production Technical Center "Zhalyn", Almaty, KazakhstanAiqulYernazarovaScientific Production Technical Center "Zhalyn", Almaty, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121In livestock industry, diarrhea remains the leading cause of illness and death in newborn calves, resulting in mortality, decreased growth rate, and a 10-15% slump in productivity. This complex disease requires comprehensive therapeutic strategies, because it is often caused by a combination of viral, bacterial, and protozoan parasites. Elimination of the pathogens and modification of the immune system are essential in comprehensive therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the cellular and humoral immune response of calves to the treatment and prevention of diarrhea with a new biogenic polyvalent immunomodulatory preparation called “Biodiarim-T.” The biopreparation was derived from hyperimmune sera of bulls immunized with viral and bacterial isolates (bovine rotavirus, coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, herpes virus 3, <em>Escherichia coli</em> K99, and <em>Salmonella </em>spp). The immunization was completed with tissue antigens from the calves’ gastrointestinal tract. 40 calves from birth to 1.5 months of age were split into equal experimental and control groups. 25 days post treatment, the clinical, serological, hematological and immunological parameters were recorded. Calves with diarrhea showed notable immunosuppression. They had a 26% reduction in T-lymphocytes and a 1.79-fold decrease in B-lymphocytes compared to healthy animals. After administering Biodiarim-T, experimental groups displayed quick immune system activation. T-lymphocyte levels rose by 2.9%, and B-lymphocytes increased by 10.6% within 15 days. Hematological parameters improved significantly. Total protein went up by 18.2%, the erythrocyte count by 8.6%, and hemoglobin by 5.52% after 25 days. Clinical results showed impressive efficacy: diarrhea morbidity fell from 67% to 20%, mortality from 22.5% to 6.7%, while daily weight gain increased by 130-140g, and treatment duration shortened from 6.4 to 3.2 days. In conclusion, Biodiarim-T shows strong therapeutic and preventive effectiveness against calf diarrhea by activating both cellular and humoral immunity.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9212_716f87f9e0ea537cfdd0fc4e2d451612.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Ecological and laboratory assessment of the resistance spectrum and antibacterial susceptibility of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated in the Caspian region of Kazakhstan965978916110.22124/cjes.2025.9161ENRaikhan S.MussagalievaMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanAbdel Z.ZiyatMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanZauresh B.ZhumadilovaMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanBolatbek A.BaitursynMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanBauyrzhan K.ToizhanovMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanBeck Z.AbdeliyevMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanNurbol N.ShakiyevMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanZhandos S.DalibayevMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanIlya S.KorotetskiyScientific Center for Anti-Infective Drugs of the National Holding “QazBioPharm”, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; LLP Research and Production Association Kazpharmacom, Spasskaya str., 64A., Alamty 050028, KazakhstanDinmukhammed M.OtebayMasgut Aikimbayev’s National Scientific Center Especially Dangerous Infections of the National Holding “QazBioPharm” of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 14 Zhakhanger St., Almaty 050054, Republic of KazakhstanJournal Article20251026Given Kazakhstan’s geographical proximity to the Caspian Sea and the detection of <em>V. cholerae</em> in river systems connected to the Caspian basin, this study also contributes to a broader understanding of cholera ecology and antimicrobial resistance within the region. For the first time, this study identified and thoroughly examined the role of genetic and biochemical factors contributing to the development of resistance in <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> strains under the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on the antibiotic resistance of <em>V. cholerae</em> strains isolated in Kazakhstan from 1997 to 2023, with a focus on their potential for persistence, adaptation, and spread within the broader Caspian ecological network. Molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the development of resistance were investigated, and their potential impact on the epidemiological situation and biological safety was assessed. Phenotypic susceptibility testing of <em>V. cholerae</em> (n = 13) conducted in vitro demonstrated high sensitivity to cefotaxime, tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and kanamycin. A similarly high level of susceptibility was observed for gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and rifampicin (96.2% of isolates). Real-time PCR results revealed no presence of resistance genes to glycopeptide or beta-lactam antibiotics in the tested <em>V. cholerae</em> strains. However, <em>vanA/B</em> genes (Ct = 9.166, FAM channel) and the <em>tem</em> gene (Ct = 34.60, CY5 channel) were detected in the control strains <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 25922 and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> ATCC 9027 (Ct = 8.954 and 24.85, respectively). In conclusion, the absence of resistance to major classes of antimicrobial agents among all 13 <em>V. cholerae</em> isolates indicates the continued high clinical efficacy of these antibiotics in the treatment of cholera. These findings are of critical importance in the context of potential epidemic outbreaks and environmental persistence of <em>V. cholerae</em> in Caspian-associated aquatic systems, as they provide clinicians and public health officials with a reliable basis for empirical therapy selection and regional preparedness planning.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9161_ad10cbae9c316272c6fbe271bcd28bdd.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Microstructure of lymphoid tissue in lymph nodes of different localization in young, mature and old rats979990921310.22124/cjes.2025.9213ENGeorgii A.DemchenkoLaboratory of Physiology Lymphatic System, Institute of Genetics and Physiology SC MSHE RK, 050060 Almaty, KazakhstanSerik N.AbdreshovLaboratory of Physiology Lymphatic System, Institute of Genetics and Physiology SC MSHE RK, 050060 Almaty, KazakhstanZuraYessimsiitovaKazakh National University, al -Farabi, Almaty, KazakhstanVladimirGorchakovNovosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, RussiaMaxatBerdikulovKazakh National University, al -Farabi, Almaty, KazakhstanDamirKhussainovKazakh National University, al -Farabi, Almaty, KazakhstanLauraKoibasovaLaboratory of Physiology Lymphatic System, Institute of Genetics and Physiology SC MSHE RK, 050060 Almaty, KazakhstanZhanikhaLessovaKazakh National University, al -Farabi, Almaty, KazakhstanJournal Article20251121Aging is a natural biological process of gradual degradation of parts and systems of the human body and the consequences of this process. These changes occur in the human genotype, both under the influence of environmental factors and as a result of endogenous processes, namely, a deficiency of antioxidant enzymes, changes in the immune system and the development of chronic inflammation. The lymphatic system is the internal environment of the body. In recent years, we and other scientists have determined general and regional signs of aging of the lymphatic system, reflecting a decrease in drainage-detoxification and immune functions, caused by a deficiency of trace elements in the lymph nodes. Considering the important role of the lymphatic system in the body, its participation in tissue drainage and its compensatory and adaptive functions, it is of interest to develop a program of restorative methods of lymphatic system functions on the processes occurring in the aging organism, and thereby contribute to the prolongation of life. This study aimed to determine the ratio of functional zones and microstructures of lymphoid tissue in nodes of different locations in young, mature, and senile rats. Lymph nodes were analyzed using Avtandilov's morphometry, and the samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered solution formalin or Telesnitsky's fluid, processed, and embedded in paraffin for histological sectioning with various dyes, including hematoxylin and eosin. This study presents data on aging affects the lymph node microstructure and functional area. In young and mature animals, no significant differences were observed. However, aging leads to thickening of the capsule and increased connective tissue around blood vessels, disrupting the lymphoid lobule structure and causing lymph drainage issues. In older animals, the medulla remains unchanged as long as lymph flow is maintained. Compared to younger animals, older ones showed more connective tissue and fewer lymphoid nodules. There is a decreased in certain immune cell types, indicating lower immunoreactivity. Conclusion: In young animals, no significant changes were observed compared to mature animals. Ageing in lymph nodes showed increased connective tissue and reduced lymphoid nodules, with a decrease in certain cell types, and an elevation in the number of reticular cells, indicating lower immunoreactivity.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9213_cbaff1006ad1f320b45e9d3b349bee42.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Coriander cake as a functional component in the diets of lactating goats991999921410.22124/cjes.2025.9214ENVladimir I.TrukhachevRussian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationNikolay P.BuryakovRussian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationAngelika A.KsenofontovaRussian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationDmitry A.KsenofontovRussian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationValentina G.KosolapovaRussian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationAnastasia S.ZaikinaRussian State Agrarian University, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationJournal Article20251121One of the most important factors influencing productivity in the dairy goat farming is the balanced animal feeding. The composition and structure of the diet influence not only the level of milk production in dairy goats, but also its functional properties. It is important to search for inexpensive feed products of plant origin that have high nutritional value and contain the biologically active substances with antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The introduction of by-products of agro-industrial production into the diets of farm animals allows us to expand the range of domestic inexpensive feed resources. Coriander cake can be considered as a feed product that meets all the above requirements, and therefore its use can serve as an effective alternative for providing goats with nutrients. An assessment was made of the digestibility of dietary nutrients, nitrogen balance and productivity in Saanen goats when different levels of coriander cake were introduced into the diet as a functional feed. It has been established that coriander cake can be used as an alternative feed with specified functional characteristics.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9214_8dca2ed7c177798f74d927ad509b34dd.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Uranium associations with kidney disease of South Kazakhstan uranium region population10011009760010.22124/cjes.2024.7600ENPolat K.KazymbetScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanElena A.SaifulinaScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanAinur K.KuanishkaliyevaScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanKaergeldy O.MakhambetovDepartment of Internal Medicine with a Course of Nephrology, Haematology, Allergology and Immunology of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanDuisebai D.JanabaevScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanZhibek S.DautbayevaDepartment of Eye Diseases of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanMoldir N.AumalikovaScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanYerlan T.KashkinbayevScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanМeirat М.BakhtinScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanJournal Article20240224Uranium mining activities in South Kazakhstan may result in environmental pollution that may affect the health of people living in the uranium industry operating area due to the dangerous toxic and radioactive properties of uranium. In preliminary studies it was shown that the inhabitants of the uranium ore province of Syrdarya are dominated by the pathology of the urinary system. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the prevalence of kidney disease and urinary uranium concentrations in adults living in close proximity to a uranium mine. The study included the entire population, men and women over the age of 18 diagnosed with kidney disease. The uranium concentration in daily urine samples was determined on a mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The prevalence of kidney pathology in the population of the main group was 239.5 per 1000 people, statistically significantly exceeding this indicator in the control groups by 1.3-1.5 times. At the same time, we determined the relationship between kidney diseases and gender, employment status and length of stay in the Uranium Ore Province territory. The uranium content in the urine of the residents of the village of Bidaykol was higher than in the control groups. This study provides fundamental and useful information to address public health and environmental concerns in the uranium mining areas of Kazakhstan.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_7600_be3ae750d6e55136b944dd2a12ddee28.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Preliminary assessment radiation in territory of uranium industry, the Republic of Kazakhstan10111019761610.22124/cjes.2024.7616ENMeiratBakhtinScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanYerlanKashkinbayevScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanAinurPirmanovaScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanMoldirAumalikovaTesting Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Radio Spectrometry, Scientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanAyaSakaguсhiFaculty of Pure and Applied Sciences University of Tsukuba, JapanNursuluAltaevaDepartment of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biology, nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanPolatKazymbetScientific Research Institute of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection of the nJSC, Astana Medical University, Astana, KazakhstanMasaharuHoshiThe Center for Peace, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JapanJournal Article20240228In this study, the existing radioecological state of the Mothballed uranium mine was assessed. The levels of radon concentration in the air of residential premises were determined and dose loads on the population were calculated using the example of Saumalkol village, Kazakhstan located in the zone of potential influence of a mothballed uranium mine. Radon concentrations were measured in living rooms and bedrooms on the ground floor. The contribution of indoor radon to the annual effective inhalation dose for the residents of the village ranged from 9.3 mSv to 145 mSv in winter and from 1.8 mSv to 18.7 mSv in the warm season. The estimated average annual dose for adults in Saumalkol was higher than the world average annual effective dose of 1.2 mSv due to indoor radon inhalation.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_7616_4516a00ff64c309c437835a4d3749aab.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Geotechnical improvement of soils by rice husk ash in Caspian Region, Northern Iran10211030889010.22124/cjes.2025.8890ENMaysamSalimzadehshooiiliAssistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, IranJournal Article20250714<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">S</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">oil stabilization using additive materials is a fundamental technique in geotechnical engineering. Common stabilizers include lime, cement, rice husk ash (RHA), pozzolans, micro-silica, aluminum sulfate, and fly ash. Given the increasing emphasis on sustainable materials, this study focuses on RHA—a pozzolanic material widely available in northern Iran as a promising soil stabilizer. RHA's abundant supply, ease of processing, and cost-effectiveness make it suitable as a partial or complete replacement for cement in various soil stabilization applications. The research outlines RHA’s production process using different curing methods by altering the time and temperature of combustion and the rate of cooling process, while the chemical characterization was determined through X-ray florescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Furthermore, to assess the capability of RHA in soil stabilization, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was performed on the treated sandy clay soil specimens after 7 and 28 days curing period<strong>.</strong> The findings revealed that the RHA obtained from burning at 500 °C for 12 hours and rapidly cooled shows the highest pozzolanic activity while gradual cooling has a negative effect on it. The UCS test results showed that adding 15% of RHA-cement, with equal proportions, to the sandy clay soil could enhance the compressive strength by over 2.7 MPa. Results indicate that incorporating RHA not only improves soil stabilization and reduces cement usage, but also offers environmental benefits by repurposing an agricultural byproduct that would otherwise go to waste. These findings provide practical guidelines for implementing eco-friendly soil stabilization practices in the Caspian region and similar ecological zones.</span>https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_8890_244d03d41eaffe727e06c9df99461a21.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Evaluation of female rats' genital system alterations caused by cadmium with consumption of total methanolic garlic extract10311037873310.22124/cjes.2025.8733ENShokhina E.KhalimovaFaculty of Natural Sciences and Agrobiotechnology, Department of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Senior Lecturer in Biology, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, UzbekistanAlfiya R.MuradimovaDeparyment of Neurology and Psychiatry, Fergana Medical Institute of Public Health, Fergana, UzbekistanK.J.MatmurotovDotsent, Department of “General and Pediatric Surgery”, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, UzbekistanBoburSodiqovAssistant, Department of Agronomy, Navoi State University of Mining and Technologies, Navoiy, UzbekistanAsliddin S.SamievPhD, Assistant, Department of Neurology, Samarkand State Medical University, Samarkand, UzbekistanKhurshidaTillakhodjaevaAssociate Professor, Tashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanZuxro Ch.AbraevaPhD, Senior Teacher, Department of Pharmaceuticals and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alfraganus University, Tashkent, UzbekistanBarnoKadirovaPhD, Law Enforcement Academy of the Republic of UzbekistanShakhnoza S.TajimuratovaLecturer, Department of Art Science, Karakalpak State University named after Berdak, Nukus, Republic of KarakalpakstanOtabekRaxmanovKimyo International University in Tashkent, Shota Rustaveli Street 156, 100121, Тashkent, UzbekistanJournal Article20250509Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental contaminant linked to various health issues, particularly in reproductive health. Garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em>) is noted for its numerous health benefits, including its potential positive effects on women's reproductive health. Despite its recognized therapeutic properties, research specifically addressing garlic's impact on the female reproductive system remains limited, prompting the need for further investigation into its protective effects against cadmium-induced toxicity. This study investigates the protective effects of methanolic garlic extract (GE) against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in female rats, focusing on its impact on hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as histopathological changes in the uterus. A total of twenty-one healthy female mice were divided into three groups: one receiving Cd treatment, another receiving GE, and a control group. The experiment lasted eight weeks, during which various parameters were assessed. Results indicated that Cd exposure led to significant increases in liver enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP) and caused moderate edema in the endometrium, characterized by the separation of endometrial stromal cells and hyperplasia of the uterine mucosa and glandular epithelium. Conversely, treatment with GE at a dosage of 300 mg/kg resulted in a statistically significant reduction in these liver enzyme levels and ameliorated the histopathological changes in the uterus, including decreased edema and hyperplasia. Additionally, hematological assessments revealed that GE treatment normalized the counts of red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocytes, which were adversely affected by Cd exposure. The findings suggest that garlic extract possesses detoxifying properties that can mitigate the adverse effects of cadmium on the female reproductive system. This research highlights the potential of incorporating garlic into dietary practices or using it as an adjunct in chelation therapy for Cd toxicity treatment, emphasizing its beneficial role in maintaining reproductive health and liver function in the context of heavy metal exposure.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_8733_f4e5361a8d24a6bd28a6a0830d579dca.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Reproduction and gametogenesis features of Anodonta anatina in Anzali Wetland, Southwest Caspian Sea10391049910910.22124/cjes.2025.9109ENMohaddesehAhmadnezhadInland Waters Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, IranHosseinKharaDepartment of Fisheries, La.C., Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, IranMohammad SayadBouraniInland Waters Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Anzali, IranHomayounHosseinzadeh SahafiIranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, IranJournal Article20251002Duck Mussel, <em>Anodonta anatina</em>, is the most important native mussel in Anzali Wetland, Southwest Caspian Sea. In the last two decades, its population has been threatened by manipulation and pollution of habitat. Therefore, more studies on biological characteristics are necessary for future conservation. Gametogenesis and temporal changes of the gonads throughout the reproductive cycle were investigated through standard histology. All specimens were gonochoristic with a sex ratio of 1.5 F: 1 M. Gametogenesis has been continuous throughout the year. Three stages, developing (spring and summer), spawning (autumn, September), and post-spawning (winter), were detected in both sexes during a maturation period. Glochidia were present in the gills in January. Five continuous stages were observed in female gonad acini including oogonia; previtellogenic oocytes; pedunculated oocytes; oocytes and mature oocytes. Spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid and spermatozoa were found in male gonad acini. The sexual pattern was asynchronous due to the simultaneous presence of different stages of oogenesis and spermatogenesis in gonadal acini. According to the results, in order to protect the Anodont of Anzali Wetland, especially in the period of September to February of each year, due to the critical time for reproduction of this species, conservation plans should be performed by the Environmental Protection Organization.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9109_b893cc44dc0464ec0d7276645220c659.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Effects of the methanolic extract of citrus limon peeling on the liver enzymes alterations in rats due to the CPF toxicity10511058873410.22124/cjes.2025.8734ENSohiba Z.KhakimovaProfessor, Head of the Department of Neurology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, Samarkand State Medical University, UzbekistanNorpulot B.NurovPhD, Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthopedics and Dentistry, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanUktamTemirov3Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of the Department of Agronomy, Navoi State University of Mining and Technologies, Navoiy, UzbekistanLaziz T.YuldoshovAssociate Professor, Head of the Department of Biotechnology and Food Safety, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, UzbekistanDilbarUrazbaeva5Department of Psychology and Medicine, Mamun University, Khiva UzbekistanElbek B.JalolovLecturer, Department of Biotechnology and Food Safety, Bukhara State University, Bukhara, UzbekistanFirangiz S.IkramovaPhD, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanK.J.MatmurotovDotsent, Department of “General and pediatric surgery”, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, UzbekistanDildoraMavlyanovaDepartment of Ecology and Water Resources Management, "Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers" National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanPulat Kizi S.ShavkatovaMaster of the Department of Practical Psychology, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, UzbekistanMaxfuzaBekchanovaKimyo International University in Tashkent, Shota Rustaveli Street 156, 100121, Тashkent, UzbekistanMa’mura N.KhushnazarovaAssociate Professor, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Pedagogical Sciences, Kokand State University, Kokand, UzbekistanShoxista X.YusupovaTeacher, Pharmaceuticals and Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alfraganus University, Tashkent, UzbekistanJournal Article20250509This study evaluates the effects of the methanolic extract of Citrus limon peeling on liver enzyme changes in rats exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used organophosphate insecticide. Chlorpyrifos is known for its detrimental effects on non-target organisms and poses significant health risks due to its persistence in the environment and accumulation in the food chain. The research involved fifteen female Wistar rats, which were divided into three groups: a model group receiving CPF, a control group receiving PBS, and a treatment group receiving both CPF and the lemon extract. The study aimed to assess the hepatoprotective properties of the lemon peel extract, which has been previously shown to mitigate liver damage caused by various toxins. The experimental design included administering CPF intraperitoneally for four weeks, followed by oral treatment with the lemon extract. Blood samples were collected to measure serum liver enzymes, specifically serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which are indicators of liver function. Results indicated that the administration of the methanolic extract of Citrus limon significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum SGOT, SGPT, and ALP in the CPF-treated rats, suggesting a protective effect against liver damage. Histopathological evaluations further supported these findings, demonstrating improvements in liver tissue integrity in the treatment group compared to the model group. This study highlights the potential of limon peel extract as a natural hepatoprotective agent, offering a promising alternative for mitigating the toxic effects of organophosphate pesticides in agricultural practices.<br /> https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_8734_50f29289c3531b839c229347383325de.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Organizational and economic aspects of ecologization in the development of the hop products subcomplex10591070921810.22124/cjes.2025.9218ENOksana G.KarataevaRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434, Russian FederationMeri K.DzhikiyaRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434, Russian FederationKonstantin A.DzhikiyaRussian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya St., Moscow, 127434, Russian FederationJournal Article20251122The article examines the organizational and economic aspects of ecologization in the hop products subcomplex, which includes hop cultivation, its processing, and the production of related products such as beer. It has been established that the development of productive forces has led to a global ecological crisis, exacerbated by the activities of the hop products subcomplex, associated with the use of chemical substances, energy-intensive technologies, pollution of water bodies with wastewater, and high equipment wear. These processes result in increased ecological risks and the penetration of harmful substances into the final product, negatively affecting human health. It has been determined that ecologization of the hop products subcomplex addresses two key tasks: reducing the environmental burden (air, water, and soil pollution) and ensuring the production of safe products by preventing toxins, using harmless additives, and developing functional products that enhance organism resilience. The article emphasizes the improvement of legislation, the implementation of resource-saving technologies, equipment modernization, waste recycling, and the use of digital platforms in the green economy. The introduction of an ecological management system for risk control and government support measures allows for the reduction of emissions, water and energy consumption, as well as an increase in waste recycling. It has been determined that the success of the hop products subcomplex development depends on the interaction between the state, business, communities, and science, which includes the development of sustainable varieties, functional products, and waste-free technologies. All this enhances the industry's competitiveness, reduces the ecological footprint, and promotes sustainable development, taking into account international experience. At the same time, prospects include biotechnologies, automation, and the expansion of organic production to meet the demand for environmentally friendly products in the hop products subcomplex.<br /><strong> </strong>https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9218_1ae697b317dd45e58b9b631978752d16.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Dendrological garden named after R.I. Schroeder in Moscow as a unique protected area with international historical roots10711077921910.22124/cjes.2025.9219ENSergey S.MakarovRussian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationYulya S.CheryatovaRussian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationEkaterina V.SolomonovaRussian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russian FederationJournal Article20251122In the article, we analyzed historic stages and dynamics of forming the collection of woody plants in Dendrological garden named after R.I. Schroeder, Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy – the oldest historical park in Moscow, created by the genius of the patriarch of Russian gardening with Danish roots – Richard Ivanovich Schroeder (1822-1903). During its heyday at the end of 19<sup>th</sup> century, the gardenʼs collection included 1038 species, varieties, forms and hybrids, contributing to the wide distribution of rare and interesting species throughout Russia. Today the gene pool of the dendrological garden includes representatives of 6 families of Gymnosperms, belonging to 17 genera, and 45 families of Angiosperms, belonging to 119 genera, in total – almost 900 species, varieties, forms and hybrids. The most numerous families in terms of the number of species and forms are Rosaceae (127), Pinaceae (84), Cupressaceae (63) and Ericaceae (45). The garden contains plants listed in the Red Book of Russian Federation with different categories of rarity (30 species from 25 genera and 17 families); the collection is constantly being replenished in order to enrich the cultural flora and protect the biodiversity and gene pool of plant species on the world through field collections and expeditions, as well as exchange with other botanical institutions. Currently, the dendrological garden named after R.I. Schroeder Moscow Timiryazevʼs Agricultural Academy is a unique living collection and base for the study of woody plants in Central Russia.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9219_c3056df25a6ee371d3a3d0be025bad91.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Coastal wetland participatory management strategies: A systematic literature review10791094889410.22124/cjes.2025.8894ENHajarEftekhariAgricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranEsmailKaramidehkordiAgricultural Extension and Education Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Road, Tehran, IranGholamrezaMojarradiAgricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development Department, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranLadanNaderiAgricultural Extension and Education Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal AleAhmad Road, Tehran, IranFereidoonOwfiIranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250715Wetlands provide a variety of ecosystem services and vital resources for both nature and local communities, enhancing livelihoods and human well-being. They play a crucial role in coastal protection, recreational activities, and tourism. However, in the past two decades, many wetland areas have either dried up or encountered various threats that could lead to the degradation of this natural heritage. A key factor contributing to these challenges is the lack of participation by local communities in wetland management. This review analyzed 190 selected articles from the Scopus database, examining key dimensions such as wetland management, wetland conservation, wetland governance, lake management, and marsh management. The thematic analysis of 30 scientific documents published by researchers worldwide indicates that coastal wetland management projects have employed several strategies. These include physical and nature-based conservation, restoration, sustainable use, sustainable harvesting, institutional and governance measures, adaptive management, integrated water resource management, knowledge enhancement, and comprehensive stakeholder participation. Engaging stakeholders, particularly local communities, in the decision-making process can facilitate achieving consensus, reduce conflicts, and enhance the success of projects. The results are expected to significantly contribute to future studies on wetland conservation across different countries. Macro-level strategies are crucial in coastal wetland management projects because they provide a long-term and coordinated vision that fosters synergy among diverse institutions and stakeholders. Such strategies help us manage conflicts of interest, optimize resource allocation, and integrate policies to prevent fragmented and short-sighted actions, thus enabling sustainable decision-making. Additionally, by considering environmental dynamics and climate change impacts, it enhances the flexibility and adaptability of management systems, enabling the effective and efficient protection of these sensitive and valuable coastal wetland ecosystems.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_8894_e6282280504ac45be8d99371a05b83b5.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Feasibility of catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus enlargement business in the former of small-scale community gold mining, Indonesia10951099744410.22124/cjes.2024.7444ENKartikaBungasDepartement of Natural and Environmental Resource Management, University of Palangka RayaP.PetrusDepartement of Fisheries Product Technology, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya-73112, IndonesiaMaria MagdalenaEka AsiDepartement of Aquaculture, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya-73112, IndonesiaYuliRuthenaDepartement of Aquaculture, University of Palangka Raya, Palangka Raya-73112, IndonesiaJournal Article20240116The business activities of small scale community gold mining are quite promising, namely exploring or exploiting natural resource resources without regard to environmental damage. The purpose of the study was to analyse the business feasibility of catfish (<em>Pangasius hypopthalmus</em>) enlargement in a former of small scale community gold mining in Katingan Regency, Indonesia. The results showed: The value of the <em>Net Benefit Cost Ratio</em> of catfish enlargement business in the former of small scale community gold mining from 2010 to 2018 with a BCR value = 1,037. This business is feasible to conduct with Net BCR > 1 or profitable and financially feasible. NPV value equal to 56,303,246, or this business is feasible because it produces NPV > 0; and 3) The IRR calculation value shows a positive result, i.e., the IRR value of 23.69%.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_7444_93916541ee72cfc90c1da72990f067a4.pdfUniversity of GuilanCaspian Journal of Environmental Sciences1735-303323420251001Insect biodiversity in Uzbekistan: From vast steppes to Caspian shores, a keystone for Eurasian ecosystems11011105922110.22124/cjes.2025.9221ENZiyodullaKhakimovAlfraganus University, Yukori Karakamish street 2a, Yunusabad district, Tashkent, UzbekistanUlugbekUrinovHead of the Department of Doctoral Studies and Scientific Research, DSc, Professor, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Tashkent, UzbekistanMalikaSaidovaAssociate professor of the Department оf Metallurgy, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Tashkent, Republic of UzbekistanOtabekNarmanovPhD, Associate Professor, Algorithms And Mathematical Modeling, Tashkent University of Information Technologies, Tashkent, UzbekistanDaniyorErnazarovPhD, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacology, Nukus Branch of the Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies, Nukus, Republic of UzbekistanZarinaKhodjaevaPhD Department of Biotechnology and Food Safety, Bukhara state university, Republic of UzbekistanRayxonSabirovaLecturer, Department of Food Science, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhon Beruniy, UzbekistanKhudoyshukurBerdikulovPhD, Lecturer at the Department of Biology and Teaching Methodology, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, UzbekistanFakhriddinIsayevScientific Research Center Scientific Foundations and Problems of the Development of the Economy of Uzbekistan under Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanInomjonSherimbetovTashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, UzbekistanKhuriyatkhon Z.AbdullaevaDoctor of Agricultural Sciences (DSc) Associate Professor of the Department of Plant Quarantine and Protection of the Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, UzbekistanAziza A.RakhimovaDoctor of Philosophy (PhD) Agricultural Sciences. Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, UzbekistanYakubOchilovSenior Teacher, Department of Pedagogy, Termez State Pedagogical Institute, Termez, Republic of UzbekistanJournal Article20251123Being the most important group of animals to ecosystem function as well as diversity, insects contribute heavily to preserving the sustainability of Eurasian ecosystems. This study, in its examination of the distribution and diversity of insects in different habitats, from vast steppes, arid and semi-arid regions, to the coast of the Caspian Sea in Uzbekistan, shows that the nation, due to its unique geographical location, has characteristic insect communities that serve not only as biological indicators but also as pollinators and regulators of pests. Findings from field sampling and comparative research show the presence of more than 1,500 species that have been discovered and a high level of endemism in oases and mountainous regions. The finding calls for the preservation of fragile ecosystems and the adoption of integrated management systems to counter challenges such as climate change and ecosystem degradation.https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9221_21485951426d8bcca5a8f0c7fcee43b6.pdf