University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 24 3 2026 07 01 Design and parametric optimization of a deep-loosening culti‌vator working body for cotton inter-row tillage 713 727 9785 10.22124/cjes.2026.9785 EN Anvarjon N. Khudoyarov Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Mukhammadjon SH. Ugli Kholdarov Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Mirkomil M. Khalilov Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Ravshanbek A. Abdirakhmonov Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Makhammadjon X. Mamadaliyev Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Ikromjon I. Abdimominov Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Dilfuza I. Karimova Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Matluba A. Yuldasheva Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Bakhodir A. Razzakov Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies, Andijan, Uzbekistan Dilfuza R. Shakarova Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan Maftunakhan Abduraimova Tashkent State University of Economics 49, Islam Karimov str., 100066, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Journal Article 2026 07 28 Efficient soil tillage is essential for sustainable cotton production and resource-saving agriculture. Conventional inter-row cultivation requires multiple passes, leading to increased fuel consumption, soil compaction, and operational costs. This study presents the design, analytical modeling, and experimental optimization of a deep-loosening working body integrated into an inter-row cultivator for cotton cultivation. The proposed tool improves soil aeration, water infiltration, and root development while reducing energy consumption. Mathematical models were developed to determine optimal tool geometry considering soil mechanical properties, plant root protection zones, and operational parameters. Experimental investigations evaluated the effects of working width, penetration angle, and tool length on soil fragmentation, loosened layer width, and draft resistance. Regression models were established to determine optimal parameter combinations ensuring maximum agro-technical performance with minimal energy consumption. Field tests confirmed reliable operation and compliance with agronomic requirements. The developed cultivator reduced labor costs by 51% and operational expenses by 32%, while improving soil structure and moisture retention. The proposed design contributes to sustainable and energy-efficient cotton production systems. https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_9785_b674bf223f7f3cd1807fec3b4078856a.pdf