University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 2025 02 22 Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus: Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic implications 1 10 8479 10.22124/cjes.2025.8479 EN Shirin Jamshidi International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran Samira Nazemroaya South of Iran Aquaculture Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran Ayeh Sadat Sadr South of Iran Aquaculture Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran Maryam Monsef Shokri International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran Hossein Khara Department of Fisheries, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran Mohammad Hassanzadeh Saber International Sturgeon Research Institute, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Rasht, Iran Journal Article 2025 02 22 This study aimed to determine the complete mitochondrial genome of the Persian sturgeon. Acipenser persicus, Borodin 1897 by direct sequencing of PCR products to understand the systematic status of this species. The whole mitogenome sequence has been deposited in GenBank under accession number MW713795. The circular mitochondrial genome was 16,588 bp long and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and one non-coding control region (D-loop). Besides, all genes were encoded on the heavy strain except for ND6 and eight tRNA genes, exhibiting high similarity with other vertebrates in mitochondrial gene arrangement. The overall nucleotide composition was 30.30 % A (a: 5026), 29.17 % C (c: 4839), 16.30 % G (g: 2702), 24.23 % T (4020: t), and a degenerate nucleotide (R), with a skewness of 55.5 % AT. This research characterized the termination-associated sequence domain (ETAS), two central conserved sequence block domains (CSB-E and CSB-F), and three conserved sequence block domains (CSB-1, CSB-2, and CSB-3) in the control region. It corroborates the regulatory elements of the D-loop, indicating similarities across the sturgeon control region to that of other fish, showing the homologous of the CSB-conserved blocks located upstream of these blocks. Moreover, results further supported the Persian sturgeon evolution by phylogenetic tree based on encoded H-strand 13 protein-coding genes of mitochondrial genomes of 23 related species. The results indicated that A. persicus is closely related to Acipenser gueldenstaedtii and forms a monophyletic group with Acipenser sinensis.

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