University of Guilan Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences 1735-3033 21 1 2023 01 01 Inhibition activity of aluminium oxide nanoparticles for herpes simplex type 1 125 133 6203 10.22124/cjes.2023.6203 EN Abbas. K. Almansorri Faculty of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq Hider. M. H. Al-Shirifi Al-Qasim Green University, Environmental Sciences College, Environmental Health Department Sharafaldin Al-Musawi College of Food Sciences, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon Province, Iraq Bara B Ahmed Faculty of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon, Iraq Journal Article 2023 02 02 Several studies have shown that herpes simplex type 1) HSV-1 (is one of the viruses resistant to medications, so potential antiherpetic agents need to be evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of aluminium oxide Nanoparticles (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs) on the HSV-1 infection. Characterization of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs were performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The MTT test was used to investigate the toxicity action of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs on viable cells. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) and TCID50 assays were used to achieve antiherpetic performance of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed to determine the inhibitory impact of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs on viral antigen expression, and Acyclovir was utilized as a standard agent in all tests. HSV-1 was subjected to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs at the maximum non-toxic concentration (100 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>) led to a decrease of 0.1, 0.7, 1.8, and 2.5 log<sub>10</sub> TCID<sub>50</sub> in the infectious titer relative to virus control (P < 0.0001). This concentration of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs was correlated with 16.9%, 47.1 %, 61.2 %, 72.5 % and 74.6 % inhibition rate, calculated on the basis of HSV-1 viral load compared to virus control. Our results have shown that Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NPs exhibit a robust antiviral activity against HSV-1. This function demonstrates excellent potential for using Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-NP in topical formulations for treating orolabial or genital herpetic lesions. Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 Aluminium oxide nanoparticles Real-Time PCR Antiviral Activity Indirect immunofluorescence assay https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_6203_b7e12e17c449b83245f8118f917a3c84.pdf