ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the impacts of technological innovation and renewable energy on environmental pollution in countries selected by the International Renewable Energy Agency: A quantile regression approach
Investigating the factors affecting CO2 emissions has always been a challenge. One problem with existing studies is that these studies have been relied on mean-based regression approaches, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or instrumental variables, which implicitly assumes that the impact of variables along the distribution of CO2 emissions is the same. Unlike previous studies, the present study will use the quantile regression developed by Koenker & Bassett, which is not limited to the assumption. So that, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of technological innovation and renewable energy on CO2 emissions in selected countries of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) using quantile regression over the period 1990-2016. The results of this study exhibited that the impact of renewable energy on CO2 emissions was negative and statistically significant. This impact is also enhanced in high quantiles (countries with high pollution). In all the studied quantiles, the impact of technological innovations on CO2 emissions was positive, significant and initially decreasing, while increasing again over time. The results of the symmetry test also indicated that by increasing in the volume of CO2 emissions, the variable impact of renewable energy upraised. However, no incremental trend was observed in innovation.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4066_6b7b6667954350991c0caab6b2aeec08.pdf
2020-04-01
97
107
10.22124/cjes.2020.4066
Technological innovation
Renewable energy
Environmental pollution
Quantile
Nasim
Masoudi
1
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Nazar
Dahmardeh Ghaleno
2
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marziyeh
Esfandiari
3
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Adinehvand, Z 2016, The comparison about the effects of foreign direct investment, trade liberalization, economic growth on CO2 emissions: Selected OPEC member countries with Johansen's approach and error correction. MSc. dissertation, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran, 97 p. [In Persian].
1
Torabi, T, Khajooi Pour, A, Tarighi, S, Pakravan, MR 2015, The impact of energy consumption, economic growth, and foreign trade on the emission of greenhouse gases in Iran, Journal of Economic Modeling, 1: 63-84. [In Persian].
2
Haghsheno, M, Ahoghalandari, M & Shaabani, Z 2008, "Investigating the impact of the emission of greenhouse gases on economic growth and how government policy is made in this field", Second Specialized Conference and Exhibition of Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Iran, 12 p. [In Persian].
3
Mehrabi Boshrabadi, H, Jalali Esfandabadi, SA, Baghestani, AA, Sharafatmand, H 2010, The impact of trade liberalization on environmental pollution in Iran, Iranian Journal of Economic Research and Agricultural Development, 2-42. [In Persian].
4
Abdouli, M 2016, Economic growth, FDI inflows and their impact on the environment: an empirical study for the MENA countries. Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 51:1-26. [In Persian].
5
Alkhathlan, K, Javid, M 2013, Energy consumption, carbon emissions and economic growth in Saudi Arabia: an aggregate and disaggregate analysis. Energy Policy, 62: 1525–1532.
6
Al-Mulali, U, Ozturk I 2016, The investigation of environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 1622-1631.
7
Ayres, RU & Nair, I 2008, Thermodynamics and economics. Physics Today, 37: 62- 71.
8
Berndt, E. R., & Wood, DO. (1975). Technology, prices and the derived demand for energy. Review of Economics and Statistics, No. 57, pp. 259-268.
9
Bilgili, F, Kocak, E, Bulut, U 2016, The Dynamic impact of renewable energy consumption on CO2 emissions: a revisited environmental Kuznets Curve Approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54: 838-845.
10
Binaysa, AC, Dogan, E, Seker, F 2014, “Renewable and non-renewable energy consumption-growth nexus: Evidence from a Panel Error Correction Model”. Energy Economics, 88: 5226-5230.
11
Boluk, G, Mert, M 2014, Fossil and renewable energy consumption, GHGs and economic growth: Evidence from a Panel of EU Countries, Energy, 74: 439-446.
12
Chamberlain, Gary 1994, “Quantile regression, censoring and the structure of wages,” In: Advances in econometrics, Ch. Sims, ed., New York: Elsevier, 171-209.
13
Cheng, LK, Dinopoulos, E 1990, "Economic growth in open economies" Schumpeterian growth and international business cycles, AER Papers and Proceedings, 1-10.
14
De, Jesus, A 2013, The Geothermal Story of the Philippines, Presented in Jakarta, Indonesia. http://www.slideshare.net/ djdevilles/the-geothermal-story-of-the-Philippines.40 p.
15
Dinda, S 2005, "A theoretical basis for the environmental Kuznets curve"; Ecological Economics. 53: 403– 413.
16
Dogan, E 2016, Analyzing the linkage between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth by considering structural break in time-series data, Renewable Energy, 99: 1126-1136.
17
Fang, DB, Dong, B 2015, Prediction of China's carbon emission trend during thirteenth five-year development planning based GPR model. Technology Economics, 34: 106–113.
18
Halkos, O & Tzeremes, S 2009, Theoretical basis for the environmental Kuznets curve. Ecological Economics 53: 403– 413.
19
Hung, M, Shaw, D 2000, Economic growth and environmental Kuznets curve in Taiwan: A Simultaneity Model Analysis,in:boldrin michele chen bee-lon,wang ding human capital , trade and public policy in rapidly growing economies: from theory to empirics, UK, Edward Elgar, 269-290.
20
Jebli, MB, Youssef, SB, Ozturk, I 2016, Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: The role of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and trade in OECD countries, Ecological Indicators, 60: 824-831.
21
Jesus Lopez-Menendez, A, Perez, R, Moreno, B 2014, Environmental costs and renewable energy: Re-visiting the environmental Kuznets curve. Journal of Environmental Management, 145: 368-373.
22
Jones, A 2002, An environmental assessment of food supply chains: a case study on dessert Apples. Environmental Management, 30: 560-576.
23
Khoshnevis, Yazdi, S, Shakouri, F 2017, The renewable energy, CO2 emissions, and economic growth: VAR model, Journal of Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 23: 53-59. [In Persian].
24
Koenker, R 2005, Quantile regression for longitudinal data. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 91: 74-89.
25
Koenker, R & Bassett, Jr 1978, “Regression quantiles,” Econometrica, 46: 33-50.
26
Koenker, R, Hallock, K 2001, “Quantile Regression,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15: 143-156.
27
Koenker, R, Machado, F 1999, “Goodness of fit and related inference processes for quantile regression,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94: 1296-1310.
28
Kumar, S, Managi, S, Matsuda, A 2012, Stock prices of clean energy firms, oil and carbon markets: a vector autoregressive analysis. Energy Economics, 34: 215–226.
29
Lau, KM, Kim, KM, Sud, YC, Walker, GL 2010, A GCM study of the response of the atmospheric water cycle of West Africa and the Atlantic to Saharan dust radiative. Annales Geophysicae, 27: 4023-4037.
30
Lotz, R 2015, The impact of renewable energy consumption to economic growth: a panel data application, Energy Economics, 53: 58-63.
31
Mayer, R, Kent, J 2007, Energy consumption, economic growth and prices: a reassessment using panel VECM for developed and developing countries. Energy Policy, 35: 2481–2490.
32
Panayotou, T 1999, "Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development", Working Paper WP238 Technology and Employment Programed, Geneva: International Labor Organization, 42 p.
33
Pao, H-T, Tsai, C-M 2011, Multivariate Granger Causality between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI and GDP: Evidence from a Panel of Bric Countries, Energy, 36: 685-693.
34
Sadorsky, P 2010, The impact of financial development on energy consumption in emerging economies. Energy Policy, 38: 2528-2535.
35
Shenggang, R, Baolong, Y, Xie, M, Xiaohong, C 2014, International trade, FDI and embodied CO2 emissions: a case study of Chinas industrial sectors. China Economics Reviews, 28: 123–134.
36
Valeria, L 2006, The green economy and the BRICS countries: bringing them together. Economic Diplomacy Programme,1-17.
37
Wang, ZH, Yin, FC, Zhang, YX, Zhang, X .2012, An empirical research on the influencing factors of regional CO2 emissions: evidence from Beijing City, China. Applied Energy, 100: 227–284.
38
Yu, YDu, Y 2018, Impact of technological innovation on CO2 emissions and emissions trend prediction on ‘New Normal’ economy in China, Journal of Atmospheric Pollution Research, 23: 1-10.
39
Zhang, XP, Cheng, XM 2009, Energy consumption, carbon emissions, and economic growth in China. Ecological Economics, 68: 2706–2712.
40
Zang, S, Liu, Y, Lin, C, Nan, X 2017, A review of renewable energy investment in the BRICS countries: History, models, problems and solutions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 860-872.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Simulation of rainfall-runoff process using geomorphology-based adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)
This research was conducted to present an integrated rainfall-runoff model based on the physical characteristics of the watershed, and to predict discharge not only in the outlet, but also at any desired point within the basin. To achieve this goal, a matrix of hydro-climatic variables (i.e. daily rainfall and daily discharge) and geomorphologic characteristics such as upstream drainage area (A), mean slope of watershed (S) and curve number (CN) was designed and simulated using artificial intelligence techniques. Integrated Geomorphology-based Artificial Neural Network (IGANN) model with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 0.02786 m3 s-1 and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.9403 and Integrated Geomorphology-based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (IGANFIS) model with RMSE of 0.02795 m3 s-1 and NSE of 0.94467 were able to predict the discharge values of all hydrometric stations of the Chalus River watershed with a very low error and high accuracy. The results of cross validation stage confirmed the efficiency of models. Hydro-climatic variables and geomorphologic parameters selected in the study were: discharge of one day ago, discharge of two days ago, rainfall of current day and rainfall of one day ago and S, CN and A, respectively. In addition, the IGANN model shows superiority compared with the IGANFIS model.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4067_4daaa8eb7a3c1970aa96633da9c291d7.pdf
2020-04-01
109
122
10.22124/cjes.2020.4067
Physical characteristics of watershed
Rainfall-runoff modeling
Black box modeling
Artificial intelligence
Geomorphologic unit hydrograph
Shabanali
Gholami
1
Department of Natural Resources, Noor Branch, Islamic Azad University, Noor, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Vafakhah
2
Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kamal
Ghaderi
kamalghaderi1986@gmail.com
3
Department of Natural Resources, Noor Branch, Islamic Azad University, Noor, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Reza
Javadi
4
Department of Natural Resources, Noor Branch, Islamic Azad University, Noor, Iran
AUTHOR
Aalami, MT, Hosseinzadeh, H 2010, Modeling rainfall – runoff process in Lighvan Chai basin using conditional threshold temperature neuron. Water and Soil Science, 20: 97-110.
1
Asadi, S, Shahrabi, J, Abbaszadeh, P Tabanmehr, S 2013, A new hybrid artificial neural networks for rainfall–runoff process modeling. Neurocomputing, 121: 470-480.
2
Dastorani, MT, Sharifi Darani, H, Ali, T, Moghadam Nia, A 2012, Evaluation of the application of artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems for rainfall-runoff modelling in Zayandeh_rood Dam Basin. Iranian Journal of Water and Wastewater, 22: 114-125.
3
Eshagh Teimori, MA, Habibnejad, M, Kaviyan, A, Shahedi, K 2012, Estimation of rainfall-runoff process in basin with low data using wms model (Case study: Chalus Watershed). Irannian Journal of Irrigation & Water Engineering, 3:12-25.
4
Firat, M, Güngör, M 2007, River flow estimation using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 75: 87-96.
5
Ghose, D, Panda, S, Swain, P 2013, Prediction and optimization of runoff via ANFIS and GA. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 52: 209-220.
6
Green, I, Stephenson, D 1986, Criteria for comparison of single event models. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 31: 395-411.
7
Jacquin, AP, Shamseldin, AY 2006, Development of rainfall–runoff models using Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy inference systems. Journal of Hydrology, 329: 154-173.
8
Jacquin, AP, Shamseldin, AY 2009, Review of the application of fuzzy inference systems in river flow forecasting. Journal of Hydroinformatics, 11: 202-210.
9
Jang, J-S 1993, ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system, IEEE transactions on systems. Man, and Cybernetics, 23: 665-685.
10
Jayawardena, A, Perera, E, Zhu, B, Amarasekara, J, Vereivalu, V 2014, A comparative study of fuzzy logic systems approach for river discharge prediction. Journal of Hydrology, 514: 85-101.
11
Kisi, O, Shiri, J, Tombul, M 2013, Modeling rainfall-runoff process using soft computing techniques. Computers & Geosciences, 51: 108-117.
12
Kurtulus, B, Razack, M 2010, Modeling daily discharge responses of a large karstic aquifer using soft computing methods: Artificial neural network and neuro-fuzzy. Journal of Hydrology, 381: 101-111.
13
Lohani, A, Kumar, R, Singh, R 2012, Hydrological time series modeling: A comparison between adaptive neuro-fuzzy, neural network and autoregressive techniques. Journal of Hydrology, 442: 23-35.
14
Moghimi, A, Mousavi Harami, R, Motamed, A, Ahmadi, H 2009, Investigating the effect of morphometric variables of watershed on maximum flood discharge in the Chalous river basin using statistical methods and mathematical models. Journal of Land and Resources, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, 2: 65-80.
15
Nash, JE, Sutcliffe, JV 1970, River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I—A discussion of principles. Journal of Hydrology, 10: 282-290.
16
Nayak, P, Sudheer, K, Jain, S 2007, Rainfall‐runoff modeling through hybrid intelligent system. Water Resources Research, 43, W07415, doi:10.1029/2006WR004930.
17
Nayak, PC, Sudheer, K, Rangan, D, Ramasastri, K 2004, A neuro-fuzzy computing technique for modeling hydrological time series. Journal of Hydrology, 291: 52-66.
18
Nourani, V, Kalantari, O 2010, Integrated artificial neural network for spatiotemporal modeling of rainfall–runoff–sediment processes. Environmental Engineering Science, 27: 411-422.
19
Nourani, V, Kisi, Ö, Komasi, M 2011, Two hybrid artificial intelligence approaches for modeling rainfall–runoff process. Journal of Hydrology, 402: 41-59.
20
Nourani, V, Komasi, M 2013, A geomorphology-based ANFIS model for multi-station modeling of rainfall–runoff process. Journal of Hydrology, 490: 41-55.
21
Rashidi, S, Vafakhah, M, Lafdani, EK, Javadi, MR 2016, Evaluating the support vector machine for suspended sediment load forecasting based on gamma test. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9: 583.
22
Talei, A, Chua, LH 2012, Influence of lag time on event-based rainfall–runoff modeling using the data driven approach. Journal of Hydrology, 438: 223-233.
23
Talei, A, Chua, LHC, Wong, TS 2010, Evaluation of rainfall and discharge inputs used by Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) in rainfall–runoff modeling. Journal of Hydrology, 391: 248-262.
24
Vafakhah, M 2012, Application of artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system models to short-term streamflow forecasting. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 39: 402-414.
25
Wang, W-C, Chau, K-W, Cheng, C-T, Qiu, L 2009, A comparison of performance of several artificial intelligence methods for forecasting monthly discharge time series. Journal of Hydrology, 374: 294-306.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sediment-water interactions with eelgrass (Zostera spp.) from Sinop shores of the Black Sea
This study is to provide information on levels of the elements in leaves and roots-rhizomes of Zostera marina and Zostera noltei, their surrounding sea water and sediments collected from Akliman and Türkeli coastal areas of Sinop city in the Black Sea four times between September 2015 and July 2016. The concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg and Pb in digested samples were measured by Agilent Technologies, 7700X ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer). The results showed that the concentrations of metals were found in the order Hg < Cd < Co < As < Pb < Ni < Cu < Zn < Mn < Al = Fe. Zostera species were bio-accumulative for Al and Mn (BCF ≥ 5000); and macro-consantrator for Zn and Cd (BSAF > 2). The general capacities of element translocation were found as acropetal for Al, Mn, Ni, Cd and Hg in eelgrass. The present findings interpreted for the first time in the Turkish Black Sea waters. Both species of Zostera in high concentrations of these elements may be due to untreated wastes that are discharging from different sources such as harbor activities, agricultural and domestic wastes in coastal areas. In order to assess the impact of contaminants and take necessary actions, the region needs to be monitored regularly.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4068_a4e2fba662d97647b3e4b0dd6130381b.pdf
2020-04-01
123
130
10.22124/cjes.2020.4068
Zostera marina
Zostera (Zosterella) noltei
Black Sea
Sinop coasts
Contaminants
Elif
Arici
elfkarakas@gmail.com
1
Sinop University Vocational School of Health Services Sinop-TURKEY
LEAD_AUTHOR
Levent
Bat
leventbat@gmail.com
2
Sinop University Department of Hydrobiology, Fisheries Faculty Sinop-TURKEY
AUTHOR
Arnot, JA & Gobas, FAPC 2006, ‘A review of bioconcentration factor (BCF) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) assessments for organic chemicals in aquatic organisms’, Environmental Reviews, 14: 257-297.
1
Aysel, V, Erduğan, H, Dural, B & Okudan, EŞ 2006, ‘Marine algae and seagrass of Tekirdağ’, Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 12: 251-267.
2
Aysel, V, Şenkardeşler, A & Aysel, F 2000, ‘Marine flora of Ordu (Black Sea, Turkey)’, SBT 2000-Reports, pp. 61-69.
3
Bat, L, Öztekin, A, Şahin, F, Arıcı, E, & Özsandıkçı, U 2018, ‘An overview of the Black Sea pollution in Turkey’, Mediterranean Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1: 67-86.
4
Bat, L, Öztekin, HC, Arıcı, & Visne, A 2016, ‘A preliminary study on the heavy metal levels of dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii Homermann in the Black Sea’ Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology, 4 (1): 00072
5
Bat, L, Sezgin, M, Satılmış, HH, Şahin, F, Üstün, F, Birinci-Özdemir, Z, Gökkurt-Baki, O 2011, ‘Biological diversity of the Turkish Black Sea coast’, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 11: 683-692.
6
Bilgin, S, Ateş, AS & Çelik, EŞ 2007, ‘The Brachyura (Decapoda) community of Zostera marina meadows in the coastal area of the Southern Black Sea (Sinop Peninsula, Turkey)’, Crustaceana, 80: 717-730.
7
Bond, AM, Broasbury, JR, Hudson, A, Garnham, JS, Hanna, PJ & Strother, S 1985, ‘Kinetic studies of lead uptake by the seagrass Zostera muelleri in water by radiotracing, AAS and electrochemical techniques’, Marine Chemistry, 24: 253-263.
8
Brinkhuis, BH, Penello, WF & Churchill, AC 1980, ‘Cadmium and manganese flux in eelgrass Z.marina II. Metal uptake by leaf and root-rhizome tissues’, Marine Biology, 58: 187-196.
9
Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (CSQG) 2001, Summary of A Protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality Guidelines (CCME 2006), 27 p.
10
Carter, RJ, & Eriksen, RS 1992, ‘Investigation into the use of Zostera muelleri (Irmisch ex Aschers) as a sentinel accumulator for copper’, Science of the total environment, 125: 185-192.
11
De Casabianca, ML, Tari, PS, Gauchet, R, Raynaud, C, and Rigollet, V 2004, ‘Relationships between heavy metal concentrations in sediments and eelgrass and environmental variables (Zostera marina, Thau Lagoon, France)’, Vie et Milieu, 54: 231-238.
12
Deng, H, Ye, ZH & Wong MH 2004, ‘Accumulation of lead, zinc, copper and cadmium by 12 wetland plant species thriving in metal-contaminated sites in China’, Environmental Pollution, 132: 29-40.
13
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2008: EPA’s report on the Environment, 366. p.
14
Ersoy Karaçuha, M, Sezgin, M & Dağlı, E 2009, ‘Temporal and spatial changes of crustaceans in mixed eelgrass beds, Zostera marina L. and Z. noltii Hornem., at the Sinop peninsula coast (the southern Black Sea, Turkey)’, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 33: 375-386.
15
European Commission (EC) 1998, Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Official Journal of the European, 23 p.
16
Faraday, WE & Churchill, AC 1979, ‘Uptake of cadmium by the eelgrass Z. marina’, Mar. Biology, 53: 293-298.
17
Förstner, U & Wittmann, GTW 1983, ‘Metal pollution in the aquatic environment’, Second Revised Edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 486 p.
18
Geyer, HJ, Rimkus, GG, Scheunert, I, Kaune, A, Kettrup, A, Zeeman, M, Muir, DCG, Hansen, LG & Mackay, D 2000, 'Bioaccumulation and occurrence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and other organic compounds in fish and other organisms including humans, in bioaccumulation’. New aspects and developments. In: B. Beek (Editor), the Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, New York, 167 p.
19
Gönlügür, G 2003, ‘Qualitative and quantitative research on some facies in the upper infralittoral zone of the western Black Sea (Sinop) coasts’, Ph.D. thesis, Ege University, Bornova Izmir, 323 p.
20
Güven, KC, Saygı, N & Öztürk, B 1993, ‘Survey of metal contents of Bosphorus algae, Zostera marina and sediments’, Botanica Marina, 36: 175-178.
21
Kırkım, F, Sezgin, M, Katağan, T, Bat, L & Aydemir, E 2006, ‘Some benthic soft-bottom crustaceans along the Anatolian coast of the Black Sea’ Crustaceana, 79: 1323-1332.
22
Kleinov, KN, Nichols, JW, Hayton, WL, McKim, JM & Barron, MG 2008, ‘Toxicokinetics in fish’, In: RT Di Giulio, DE Hinton (Eds.), The Toxicology of Fishes, Taylor and Francis Group LLC, Boca Raton, US, pp. 55-152.
23
Lyngby, JF & Brix H 1982, ‘Seasonal and environmental variation in the Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in eelgrass in the Limfjord, Denmark’, Aquatic Botany, 14: 59-74.
24
Macías-Zamora, JV, Sanchez, JL, Rios, LM & Sanchez, DL 2008, ‘Trace metals in sediments and Zostera marina of San Ignacio and Ojo de Liebre Lagoons in the Central Pacific Coast of Baja California, Mexico’, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 55: 218-228.
25
Milchakova, NA 1999, ‘On the status of seagrass communities in the Black Sea’ Aquatic Botany, 65: 21- 32.
26
Mutlu, E, Ünsal, M & Bingel, F 1992, ‘A preliminary view on the faunal assemblage of soft bottom crustaceans along the nearshores of the Turkish Black Sea’ Acta Adriatica, 33(1/2): 177-189.
27
National Oceanographic and Atmosphere Administration (NOAA) 2009, http://www.noaa.gov/ (24.01.2017). Proceedings of the International Research Workshop on the Occurrence, Effects and Fate of Microplastic Marine Debris, Silver Spring.
28
Nenciu, M, Oros, A, Roşioru, D, Galatchi, M, Filimon, A, Tiganov, G, Danilov, C & Roşoiu, N 2016, ‘Heavy metal bioaccumulation in marine organisms from the Romanian Black Sea coast’, Academy of Romanian Scientists, 5: 38-52.
29
Penello, WF & Brinkhuis, BH 1980, ‘Cadmium and manganese flux in the eelgrass Z. marina modelling dynamics of metal release from labelled tissues’, Marine Biology, 58: 181-186.
30
Prego, R & Cobelo-García, A 2003, ‘Twentieth century overview of heavy metals in the Galician Rias (NW Iberian Peninsula)’, Environmental Pollution, 121: 425-452.
31
Riosmena-Rodríguez, R, Talavera-Sáenz, A, Acosta-Vargas, B & Gardner, SC 2010, Heavy metals dynamics in seaweeds and seagrasses in Bahía Magdalena, BCS, México. Journal of Applied Phycology, 22: 283-291.
32
Sezgin, M, Kocataş, A & Katağan, T 2001, ‘Amphipod fauna of the Turkish central Black Sea region’ Turkish Journal of Zoology, 25: 57-61.
33
Storelli, MM, Storell, A & Marcotrigiano GO 2001, ‘Heavy metals in the aquatic environment of the Southern Adriatic Sea, Italy macroalgae, sediments and benthic species’, Environment International, 26: 505-509.
34
Surugiu, V 2008, On the occurrence of Zostera noltii Hornemann at the Romanian coast of the Black Sea’, Biologie vegetală, 1 (20A): 122-127.
35
Tuncer, S & Yaramaz, Ö 1992, ‘Heavy metals and other elements in Zostera marina L. on the Trabzon Coast Line (Black Sea-Turkey)’, Rapp. The Mediterranean Science Commission, 33: 86.
36
Tuncer, S 1985, ‘Investigations of heavy metal concentrations in some mollusks found in Izmir and Çandarlı (Aliağa) Bays’, PhD Dissertation, Ege University, Hydrobiology and Aquaculture Research Centre, Izmir, Turkey, 86 p.
37
Turkish Standards Institute (TSI) 2005, TS-266 Standards for Drinking and Utilization Water.
38
World Health Organization (WHO) 2011, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 564 p.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The status and perception of medicinal plants by local population of Talassemtane National Park (Northern Morocco)
The humans have the capacity to transmit knowledge to other individuals remote in space and time by verbal and written means. Ethno-pharmacology is based on approaches from the sociocultural and natural sciences. Ethnobotanical research in the Talassemtane National Park was undertaken following a perspective to establish the base of comparative study with Andalusian and Sicilian regions. The aim of these studies was to analyze the data regarding interviewees (socio-demographic), status, perception of inhabitants of the Northern Morocco, confidence in the healing properties of medicinal plants, and conserving the traditional medicinal heritage of the Talassemtane National Park (TLSNP). This study was conducted in the National Park of Talassemtane for a three-year survey (2014-2017). In total, 200 local traditional informers were interviewed to explore the traditional ethnobotanical and ethno-pharmacological knowledge of the local population. Information was collected using open-ended and semi-structured interviews, followed by the analysis of data regarding the interviewees (socio-demographic) and the ethnobotanical or ethno-pharmacological data. In this study, we have identified a total of 152 medicinal plant species belonging to 44 botanical families. The most important family is that of the Apiaceae represented by 31 species. We identified 567 symptoms and diseases for the 152 taxa belonging to 44 included families, with a total of 9402 use reports (UR). They are used to treat up to 123 conditions or symptoms classified into 15 pathological groups according to the ICPC-2 classification of diseases. Concerning the diseases, the main pathological group treated is the one for digestive symptoms (D, 24%). The results show that 50 % of the local population still prefer to use traditional medicine for daily healthcare, and a few of them support these traditional medicines along with conventional drugs. The analysis of data obtained in this ethnobotanical study allowed us to identify the most commonly used medicinal plants in the TLSNP. The knowledge reported in this study is a very original source of information on the local traditional medical flora and provide an additional value to the emblematic Talassemtane National Park.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4069_4aa812ae6385bf91fb2f37bd1bd38c96.pdf
2020-04-01
131
147
10.22124/cjes.2020.4069
Ethnobotanical approach
Medicinal plants
traditional medicine
Talassemtane National Park
North of Morocco
Fatima
Zahrae Redouan
1
Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group. Laboratory of Applied Botanty, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, UAE, Tetouan, Morocco
LEAD_AUTHOR
Guillermo
Benitez
2
Department ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
AUTHOR
Boutahar
Aboubakr
3
Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group. Laboratory of Applied Botanty, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, UAE, Tetouan, Morocco
AUTHOR
El Bakkouri
Bassma
4
Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group. Laboratory of Applied Botanty, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, UAE, Tetouan, Morocco
AUTHOR
Rosa Maria
Picone
5
F. V. E., Botany, Faculty of pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja, UGR, Granada, Spain
AUTHOR
Alessandro
Crisafulli
6
F. V. E., Botany, Faculty of pharmacy, Campus de Cartuja, UGR, Granada, Spain
AUTHOR
Abdenbi
Ben Driss
7
Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group. Laboratory of Applied Botanty, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, UAE, Tetouan, Morocco
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Kadiri
8
Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group. Laboratory of Applied Botanty, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, UAE, Tetouan, Morocco
AUTHOR
Joaquin
Molero Messa
9
Department ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
AUTHOR
Abderrahmane
Merzouki
amerzouki@uae.ac.ma
10
Flora Research, Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology Group. Laboratory of Applied Botanty, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, UAE, Tetouan, Morocco
AUTHOR
Adams, M, Gschwind S, Zimmermann, S, Kaiser, M, Hamburger, M 2011, Renaissance remedies: Antiplasmodial protostane triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alismataceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 135, 43–47.
1
Afsahi, K 2015, Are Moroccan cannabis growers able to adapt to recent European market trend. The InternationalJournal on Drug Policy, 26: 327-329. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.11.012.
2
Ahmad, L, Semotiuk, A, Zafar, M, Ahmad, M, Sultana, S, Liu, QR 2015, Ethnopharmacological documentation of medicinal plants used for hypertension among the local communities of DIR Lower, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 175: 138–46.
3
Arber, A 1938, Herbals, their origin and evolution: A chapter in the History of Botany. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1470- 1670.
4
Asase, A, Kokubun, T, Grayer, RJ. Kite, G, Simmonds, MS, Oteng-Yeboah, AA 2008, Chemical constituents and antimic robial activity of medicinal plants from Ghana: Cassia sieberiana, Haematostaphis barteri, Mitragyna inermis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi. Phytotherapy Research, 22: 1013–1016. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2392.
5
Balick, MJ, Cox, PA 1996, Plants, People, and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany. Scientific American Library, New York, 228 p. ISBN 0-7167-5061-9.
6
Bellakhdar, J 1997, La pharmacopée traditionnelle marocaine : Médecine arabe ancienne et savoir faire. ISBN 2-910728-03-X. Ibis Press, pp. 465-466 (In French).
7
Benitez, G, Gonzalez, Tejero, MR, Molero, Mesa, J 2010, Pharmaceutical ethnobotany in the western part of Granada Province (Southern Spain): Ethnopharmacological synthesis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 129: 87-105.
8
Benítez, G 2009, Etnobotánica y etnobiología del Poniente Granadino. Edita: Fundation Ibn al-Jatib de Estudios de Cooperacion Cultural, ISBN: 987-84-93464-3-9, 374 p.
9
Benlamdini, N, Elhafian, M, Rochdi, A, Zidane, L 2014, Étude floristique et ethnobotanique de la flore médicinale du Haut Atlas oriental (Haute Moulouya). Journal of Applied Biosciences, 78: 6771 – 6787. ISSN 1997–5902 (In French).
10
Berlin, B 1992, On the making of a comparative ethnobiology. In: B Berlin, (Ed.), Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 3–51.
11
Buenz, EJ, Johnson, HE, Beekman, E.M, Motley, TJ, Bauer BA 2005, Bioprospect- ing Rumphius’s Ambonese herbal: Vol. I. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96: 57-70.
12
Cheikh, Y, Redouan FZ, Guillermo, B, Bouhbal, M, Kadiri, M, Boumediana, AI, Molero-Mesa, J, Merzouki A 2020, Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Adrar Province Mauritania. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 246: 112217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112217
13
Chouvy, PA, Afsahi K 2014, Hashish revival in Morocco. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25: 416-23, DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.01.001.
14
Chouvy, PA, Macfarlane, J 2018, Agricultural innovations in Morocco's cannabis industry. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 58: 85-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.04.013.
15
Corsi, G, Pagni AM 1979, Studi sulla flora e vegetazione del Monte Pisano (Toscana Nord-Occidentale). V. Le piante spontanee nella alimentazione popolare. Atti della Societa` Toscana di Scienze Naturali, Memorie, Serie B 86: 79-201 (In Italian).
16
Dal Cero, M, Saller, R, Weckerle, CS 2014, The use of the local flora in Switzerland: a comparison of past and recent medicinal plant knowledge. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 192: 28–47.
17
Datir, SS, Bhore, SJ 2017, Biotechnological approaches for conservation and sustainable supply of medicinal plants. In: S. Bhore, K. Marimuthu, M. Ravichandran. (Eds.). Biotechnology for Sustainability Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives. AIMST University, Malaysia. pp: 117-128
18
De Vos, P 2010, European Materia Medica in Historical Texts: Longevity of a tradition and implications for future use. Published in final edited form as: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132: 28–47. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.035.
19
Diallo, D 2000, Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Mali and phytochemical study of four of Them: Glinus oppositifolius (Aizoaceae), Diospyros abyssinica (Ebenaceae), Entada africana (Mimosaceae), Trichilia emetica (Meliaceae). PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, 221 p.
20
El-Gharbaoui, A, Benítez, G, González-Tejero, MR, Molero-Mesa, J, Merzouki, A 2017, Comparison of Lamiaceae medicinal uses in eastern Morocco and eastern Andalusia and in Ibn al-Baytar's Compendium of Simple Medicaments (13th century CE). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 202: 208-224.
21
El Haouari, M, El Makaoui, S, Jnah, M, Haddaouy, A, 2018, A survey of medicinal plants used by herbalists in Taza (Northern Morocco) to manage various ailments. Journal of Material Environmental Science, 9: 1875-1888.
22
Endicott, KM, Welsch, RL 2003, Taking sides, clashing views on controversial issues in anthropology, 2nd Ed. McGraw-Hill/Dushkin, USA, 416 p. ISBN-13: 978-0073043968.
23
Etkin, NL 2006, Edible medicines: An ethnopharmacology of food. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Tucson, USA, 301 p.
24
Etkin, A, Egner, T, Kalisch, R 2011, Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex. Journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15: 85-93.
25
Fabricant, DS, Farnsworth, NR 2001, The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environmental Health Perspective, 109 (Suppl. 1): 69-75
26
Farnsworth, NR, Akerele, O, Bingel, AS, Soejarto, DD, Guo Z 1985, Medicinal plants in therapy. Bulletin of World Health Organization, 63: 965-981.
27
Frei, B, Heinrich, MM, Bork P, Herrmann D, Jaki, B, Kato, T, Kuhnt, M, Schmitt, J, Schühly, W, Volken, C, Sticher, O 1998, Multiple screening of medicinal plants from Oaxaca, Mexico: Ethnobotany and Bioassays as a Basis for Phytochemical Investigation, 5: 177-186.
28
Ford, RI 1979, Paleoethnobotany in American archaeology. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, 2: 285-336.
29
Ganesan, A 2008, The impact of natural products upon modern drug discovery. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 12: 306-317. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.03.016.
30
Ginzburg, C 1990, Hexensabbat – Etzifferung einer naechtlichen Geschichte. (Original Title: Storia notturna. Una decifrazione del sabba. Giulio Einaudi editore S.p.A. Torino, 1989). Berlin: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach, 319 p. (In Germany).
31
Gonzalez-Tejero, MR, Casares-Porcel, M, Sanchez-Rojas, CP, Ramiro-Gutierrez, JM, Molero-Mesa, J, Pieroni, A, Giusti, ME, Censorii, E, de Pasquale, C, Della, A, Paraskeva-Hadijchambi, D, Hadjichambis, A, Houmani, Z, El-Demerdash, M, El-Zayatf, M, Hmamouchi, M, El Johrig, S 2008, Medicinal plants in the Mediterranean area: synthesis of the results of the project Rubia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 116: 341–357.
32
Guarrera, PM 2003, Food medicine and minor nourishment in the folk traditions of Central Italy (Marche, Abruzzo and Latium). Fitoterapia, 74: 515–544.
33
Harshberger, JW 1896, The purposes of ethnobotany. Botanical Gazette, 21: 146–154.
34
Harvey, AL 2008, Natural products in drug discovery. Drug Discovery Today, 13: 894-901. DOI: 10.1016/j. drudis. 07.004
35
Heinrich, M 2010, Ethnopharmacology in the 21st century-grand challenges. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 1: 8.
36
Heinrich, M, Kufer, J, Leonti, M, Pardo-de-Santayana, M 2006, Ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology, interdisciplinary links with the historical sciences. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 107: 157–160.
37
Heinrich, M 2000, Ethnobotany and its role in drug development. Phytotherapy Research, 14: 479–488.
38
Huang, H 2011, Plant diversity and conservation in China: planning a strategic bioresource for a sustainable future. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 166: 282-300.
39
Jiofack, T, Fokunang, C, Guedje NM, Kemeuze, V, Fongnzossie, E, Nkongmeneck, BA, Mapongmetsem, PM, Tsabang, N 2010, Ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants of two ethnoecological regions of Cameroon. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2: 60-79.
40
Johns, T, Kokwaro, J, Kimanani, EK 1990, Herbal remedies of the Luo of Siaya District. Kenya: Establishing quantitative criteria for consensus. Economic Botany, 44: 369-381.
41
Johns, T 1996, The origins of human diet and medicine. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 376 p.
42
Hamilton, A 2003, Medicinal plants conservation and livelihoods. Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 13: 1477–1517.
43
Lardos, A 2006, The botanical Materia medica of the Iatrosophikon - A collection of prescriptions from a monastery in Cyprus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 104: 387–406.
44
Lardos, A, Heinrich, M 2013, Continuity and change in medicinal plant use: the ex- ample of monasteries on Cyprus and historical iatrosophia texts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 150: 202–214.
45
Leonti, M 2011, The future is written: impact of scripts on the cognition, selection, knowledge and transmission of medicinal plant use and its implications for ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 134: 542–555.
46
Leonti, M, Cabras, S, Weckerle, CS, Solinas, MN, Casu, L 2010, The causal dependence of present plant knowledge on herbals - contemporary medicinal plant use in Campania (Italy) compared to Matthioli (1568). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130: 379–391.
47
Leonti, M, Sticher, O, Heinrich, M 2002, Medicinal plants of the Popoluca, México: organoleptic properties as indigenous selection criteria. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81: 307-315.
48
Limem-Ben, Amor I, Boubaker, J, Ben Sgaier, M, Skandrani, I, Bhouri, W, Neffati, A, Kilani, S, Bouhlel I, Ghedira, K, Chekir-Ghedira, L 2009, Phytochemistry and biological activities of Phlomis species. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 125: 183-202.
49
Matu, EN, vanStaden, J 2003, Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities of some plants used for medicinal purposes in Kenya. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 87: 35–41.
50
Mandal, V, Gopal, V, Mandal, SC 2012, An inside to the better understanding of the ethnobotanical route to drug discovery – the need of the hour. Natural Product Communication, 7: 1551–1554.
51
Meklach, Y, Haluza-Delay, R, Kadiri, M, El Ouahrani, A, Molero Mesa, J, Merzouki, A 2017, Cannabis cultivation within a religious context: A case study of Ghomara in the Rif Mountain (Northern Morocco). Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse, 18: 45-66. DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1300972.
52
Merzouki, A 2001, El cultivo del cáñamo (Cannabis sativa L.) en el Rif (Norte de Marruecos). Taxonomía. Biología y Etnobotánica. PhD Dissertation, Universidad de Granada. 217 p. (In Spanish).
53
Merzouki, A, Ed-Derfoufi, F, Molero Mesa, J 2000, Contribution to the knowledge of Rifian traditional medicine. II: Folk medicine in Ksar Lakbir district (NW Morocco). Fitoterapia, 71: 278-307.
54
Merzouki, A, Ed-Derfoufi, F, El Aallali, A, Molero-Mesa, J 1997, Wild médicinal plants used by local Bouhmed population (Morocco). Fitoterapia.Vol. LXVIII, No. 5: 444-460.
55
Nadembega, P, Boussim, JI, Nikiema, JB, Poli, F, Antognoni, F 2011, Medicinal plants in Baskoure, Kourittenga Province, Burkina Faso: an ethnobotanical study. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 133: 378–395, DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.010.
56
Nolan, JM 1998, The roots of tradition: social ecology, cultural geography, and medicinal plant knowledge in the Ozark – Ouachita Highlands. Journal of Ethnobiology, 18: 249 - 269.
57
Nolan, JM, Turner, NJ 2011, Ethnobotany: The study of people–plant relationships. Ethnobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Journal of Ethnobiology, pp. 133-147
58
Pieroni, A, Price, LL 2006, Eating and healing traditional food as medicine. Binghamton (NY): Haworth Press. 432 p. ISBN 9781560229834
59
Quave, C, Pieroni, A 2007, Traditional health care and food and medicinal plant use among historic Albanian migrants and Italians in Lucania, Southern Italy. In: A, Pieroni, I, Vandebroek, Eds. Traveling cultures and plants: the ethnobiology and ethnopharmacy of human migrations. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 204 - 226.
60
Rafieian-Kopaei, M 2012, Medicinal plants and the human needs. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Pharmacology, 1: 1-2.
61
Redouan, FZ, Benitez, G, Bouhbal, M, Picone, RM, Crisafulli, A, Cheikh, A, Ben Driss, A, Kadiri, M, Molero Messa, J, Merzouki, A 2020, Traditional medicinal knowledge of Apiaceae at Talassemtane National Park (Northern Morocco) . South African Journal of Botany, 131: 118-130.
62
Riddle, M 1985, Dioscorides on Pharmacy and Medicine, Austin, University of Texas Press, 328 p.
63
Rivera, D, Obo´n, C, Inocencio, C, Verde, A, Fajardo, J 2006, Gathered Mediterranean food plants-ethnobotanical investigations and historical development. Forum of Nutrition, 59: 18-74.
64
Robineau, L, Soejarto, DD 1996, Tramil: A research project on the medicinal plant resources of the Caribbean. pp. 317-325
65
Schultes, RE 1994, The importance of ethnobotany in environmental conservation. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 53: 202-206.
66
Staub, PO, Geck, MS, Weckerle, CS, Casu, L, Leonti, M 2015, Classifying diseases and remedies in ethnomedicine and ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 174: 514–519.
67
Totelin, LMV 2009, Hippocratic recipes. Oral and written transmission of pharmacological knowledge in fifth- and forth-century Greece. In: G, Scarborough, PJ, Van der Eijk, A, Hanson & N, Siraisi, (Eds.), Studies in ancient medicine, Vol. 34. Brill, Leiden, Boston. pp. xviii +366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0075426911000504
68
Touwaide, A 2010, History of botany as ethnobotany? Proposals toward a new approach to the ancient legacy. In: Pochettino, M.L., Ladio, A.H., Arenas, P.M . (Eds.), Tradiciones & Transformaciones en Etnobotànica ICEB-2009. San Salvador de Jujuy (Argentina). Red Iberoamericana de Saberes y Prácticas Locales sobre el En- torno Vegetal, pp. 55-63.
69
Touwaide, A, Appetiti, E 2013, Knowledge of eastern Materia Medica (Indian and Chinese) in pre-modern Mediterranean medical traditions: a study in comparative historical ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 148: 361-378.
70
Van Wyk, B-E, Oudtshoorn, BV, Gericke, N 1997, Medicinal plants of South Africa. Johannesburg: Briza. 304 p.
71
Volpato, G, Emhamed, AA, Saleh, SM, Broglia, A, Dilello, S. 2007, Procurement of traditional remedies and transmission of medicinal knowledge among Sahrawi people displaced in southwestern Algerian refugee camps. In: A, Pieroni I, Vandebroek, Eds., Traveling cultures and plants: the ethnobiology and ethnopharmacy of human migrations, New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 245 - 269.
72
Weckerle, CS, de Boer, HJ, Puri, RK, Van Andel, T, Bussmann, RW, Leonti, M 2018, Recommended standards for conducting and reporting ethnopharmacological field studies. Journal Ethnopharmacology, 210: 125-132.WHO 2004-2007, Medicines strategy countries at the core world Health Organization, 12 p.
73
Yarnell, E, Abascal, K 2002, Dilemmas of traditional botanical research. HerbalEGram, 55: 46-54.
74
Zarger, RK, Stepp, JR 2004, Persistence of botanical knowledge among Tzeltal Maya children. Current Anthropology, 45: 413 - 418.
75
Zent, S 1999, The quandary of conserving ethnoecological knowledge: a Piaroa example. In: T, Gragson, B, Lount, Eds., Ethnoecology: knowledge, resources and rights. Athens (GA): University of Georgia Press, pp. 90 - 124.
76
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in MOROCCO & estimated confinement duration to overcome the danger phase
Purpose: The objective of this paper is to make an investigation of spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in MOROCCO and to estimate the duration of confinement for the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19). Methods: Data available on the sites provided by the Moroccan Ministry of Health, nonlinear regression, Gaussian function, residual sum of squares and regression curve. Results: Moroccan citizens must stay at home as much as possible until June 12, 2020. Conclusion: Given the non-existence of a vaccine or an effective treatment against the coronavirus (COVID-19), our research team believes that confinement remains the best solution to limit the spread of this pandemic.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4070_a82ebe0e64e0f036b7e2e1f3c67e12f3.pdf
2020-04-01
149
156
10.22124/cjes.2020.4070
Pandemic
COVID-19
Investigation
Confinement
H.
Bendaif
1
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Natural Products (LCOMPNURAC25), Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
AUTHOR
B.
Hammouti
2
Laboratory of Applied Analytical Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCA2ME), Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
AUTHOR
I.
Stiane
3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
AUTHOR
Y.
Bendaif
4
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
AUTHOR
M.A.
El Ouadi
5
Engineer from the National School of Mines of Rabat-MOROCCO
AUTHOR
Y.
El Ouadi
6
Laboratory of Applied Analytical Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LCA2ME), Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed First, Oujda, Morocco
AUTHOR
Acter, T 2020, Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic:A global health emergency, Science of the Total Environment,730: 138996.
1
Adekunle, IA, Onanuga, AT, Akinola, OO, Ogunbanjo, OW 2020, Modelling spatial variations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Africa, Science of The Total Environment. 729: 138998.
2
Ahmadi, M, et al. 2020, Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. Science of the Total Environment, 729: 138705.
3
Casanova, J, L, et al. 2020, A global effort to define the human genetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection, Cell, Corrected Proof.
4
Nzediegwu, C 2020, Conceptualization; Writing - original draft; Writing - review & editing , Scott X. Chang , Improper Solid Waste Management Increases Potential for COVID19 Spread in Developing Countries, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 104947.
5
Conan, NJ, Head, JA, Brewer, AE 1950, Pleural and hepatic amoebiasis treated with chloroquine: Report of two cases, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 43: 659-666.
6
Cortegiani, A 2020, A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19, Journal of Critical Care, 57: 279-283.
7
Devaux, CA, Rolain, JM, Colson, P, Raoult, D 2020, New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, corrected proof, Article 105938.
8
Djimdé, A, Doumbo, OK, Cortese, JF, Kayentao, K, Doumbo, S, Diourté, Y, Dicko, ASu, XZ, Nomura, T, Fidock, DA, Wellems, TE, Plowe, CV, Coulibaly, D 2001, A molecular marker for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, New England Journal of Medicine, 344: 257-263.
9
Hassani, R,TJ, Bennis, A 2020, Hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for exposed caregivers to Covid-19: an urgent appraisal is needed, Journal of Infection and Public Health, Corrected Proof.
10
Ismaili, N 2020, COVID-19 and gynecological cancers: A Moroccan point-of-view. Radiotherapy and Oncology, 148: 227-228.
11
Kolani, S 2020, Spontaneous pneumomediastinum occurring in the SARS-COV-2 infection, IDCases In Press, e00806.
12
Lahfaoui, M, Azizi, M, Elbakkaoui, M, El Amrani, R, kamaoui, I, Benhaddou, H 2020, Syndrome de detresse respiratoire aigu ´ e secondaire ` ¨ a une infection `a SARS-COV-2 chez un nourrisson, Revue des Maladies Respiratoires.
13
Liang, K 2020, Mathematical model of infection kinetics and its analysis for COVID-19, SARS and MERS. Infection, Genetics and Evolution.
14
Lombardi, A 2020, Duration of quarantine in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a question needing an answer, Journal of Hospital Infection.
15
Nicol, MQ, Campbell, GM, Shaw, DJ ,Dransfield, I, Ligertwood, Y, Beard PM, Nasha, AA, Dutia BM 2019, Lack of IFNγ signaling attenuates spread of influenza A virus in vivo and leads to reduced pathogenesis, Virology 526: 155-164.
16
Nishiura, H 2020, Serial interval of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 93: 284–286.
17
Orefice, NS, Souchet, B, Braudeau, J, Alves, S, Piguet, F, Collaud, F, Ronzitti, G, Tada, S, Hantraye, P, Mingozzi, F, Ducongé, F, Cartier N 2019, Real-Time Monitoring of Exosome Enveloped-AAV Spreading by Endomicroscopy Approach: A New Tool for Gene Delivery in the Brain, Molecular Therapy Methods & Clinical Development, 14: 237-25.
18
Pear, WS, Nolan, GP, Scott, ML, Baltimore, D 1993, Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 90(18): 8392-8396.
19
Peters A 2020, Understanding the emerging coronavirus: what it means for health security and infection prevention, Journal of Hospital Infection, 104: 440-448.
20
Ritz, C, Streibig, J, C 2009, Nonlinear Regression with R, Springer-Verlag New York, Year: 2009.
21
Rolain, J-M, Colson, P, Raoult D 2007, Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 30: 297-308.
22
Sahraei, Z 2020, Aminoquinolines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55: 105945.
23
Saqrane, S 2020, Review on the global epidemiological situation and the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19, New Microbes and New Infections, 35:100680.
24
Singh Sidhu, A B, Verdier-Pinard, D, Fidock, D A 2002, Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites conferred by pfcrt mutations, Science, 298: 210-213.
25
Slater, AFG, Cerami, A 1992, Inhibition by chloroquine of a novel haem polymerase enzyme activity in malaria trophozoites, Nature 355: 167-169.
26
Smiai, H, Mirimi, M, Najar, M, Boukhatem, N 2020, COVID-19 update: what's going on? Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 11: 877-884.
27
Touzani, R, Hammouti, B, Almalki, F, A, Ben Hadda, T 2020, Coronavirus, Covid19, Covid-19 and SARS-Cov-2: A Global Pandemic, A Short Review, Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 11: 736-750.
28
Tuli, S, Tuli, S, Tuli, R, Gill, S, S 2020, Predicting the Growth and Trend of COVID-19 Pandemic using Machine Learning and Cloud Computing, Internet of Things.
29
Wang, P, Lu, J, Jina, Y, Zhu, M, Wang, L, Chen, S 2020, Statistical and network analysis of 1212 COVID-19 patients in Henan, China, International Journal of Infectious Diseases 95 391–398.
30
Zhao, Z, Li, X, Liu, F, Zhu, G, Maa, C, Wang, L 2020, Prediction of the COVID-19 spread in African countries and implications for prevention and control: A case study in South Africa, Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria, Senegal and Kenya, Science of the Total Environment, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138959
31
Zhu, N 2019, A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, N Engl J Med. 382: 727-733.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between broadleaved mixed forest understory species groups with soil and elevation in a semi-arid Persian oak (Quercus brantii L.) ecosystem
This research aimed to investigate the relationship between plant composition of Dinarkooh Protected Area (DPA), west of Iran (called Zagros forests) with elevation and soil properties. A total of 100 random sampling plots (25 × 25 m) at different elevations were sampled for their soil and collection of plant specimens and vegetation data based on Braun-Blanquet covered-abundance scale. Data were analyzed using TWINSPAN and multivariate statistical analysis packages. We recognized 142 plant species present in the study area identified under 105 genera and 29 families. Asteraceae, Papilionaceae and Poaceae were the most frequently encountered families. Bromus and Astragalus were also the largest genera in the study area. The plant species were grouped into three ecological groups based on elevation and soil properties: Group 1 with 20 species including Scorzonera sp. and Cerastium inflatum L. at lower elevation (1300-1500 m a.s.l.) and with clay-loam soil; Group 2 with 96 species, including Onosma trachytrichum Boiss., Eryngium noeanum Boiss. and Acer monspessulanum L. occurred at middle elevations with alkaline loam-clay soil; and Group 3 with 26 species, including Bromus sterilis L., Minuartia meyeri, Minuartia meyeri (Boiss.) Bornm., Lithospermum sp., Scariola orientalis (Boiss.) Sojak and Trifolium tomentosum L. at higher elevation with sandy-loam soil. Prevalent tree species included Oak (Quercus brantii Lindl. var. persica (Jaub. & Spach)) in Group 2 and Acer monspessulanum L. in Group 3. Low homogeneity of plant compositions at different elevations reflects the differences in habitat properties. Results showed that the elevation and soil properties played primary and complementary roles in vegetation spatial composition. Furthermore, diversity and richness of plant species was higher at middle elevations. More detailed investigation into biotic variables at the root level would complement current data to analyze this ecosystem.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4071_75bbd9e0997031033e61e2e95025252d.pdf
2020-04-01
157
170
10.22124/cjes.2020.4071
Zagros forests
Dinarkooh
Ecological species group
Environmental factors
Multivariate analysis
Somayeh
Bagheri
bagherysomayeh872@gmail.com
1
Department of Plant Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Zare-Maivan
2
Department of Plant Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Heydari
m_heydari23@yahoo.com
3
Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
Shahrokh
Kazempour Osaloo
4
Department of Plant Biology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Adel, MN, Pourbabaei, H & Dey, DC 2014, Ecological species group-Environmental factors relationships in unharvested beech forests in the north Iran. Ecological Engineering, 69: 1-7.
1
Aghaii, R, Alvaninezhad, S & Zolphagari, R 2012, Relation between ecological groups and environmental factors. Journal of Applied Ecology, 1: 53-63.
2
Alijani, B 2008, Effect of the Zagros Mountains on the spatial distribution of precipitation. Journal of Mountain Science, 5: 218–231.
3
Arekhi, S, Heydari, M & Pourbabaei, H 2010, Vegetation-environmental relationships and ecological species groups of the Ilam Oak forest landscape, Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 8: 115-125.
4
Barbero, M, Bonin, G, Loisel, R & Quézel, P 1990, Changes and disturbances of forest ecosystems caused by human activities in the western part of the Mediterranean basin. Vegetatio, 87: 151-173.
5
Binkley, D & Fisher, R 2012, Ecology and management of forest soils. John Wiley & Sons.
6
Bouyoucos, CJ (1962), Hydrometer method improved for making particle-size analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 54: 464-465.
7
Bremmer, J & Mulvaney, M 1982, Nitrogen total. Method of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, 595-624.
8
Bray, BM & Kurtz, LT 1945, Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Journal of Soil Science, 59: 39-45.
9
Dirnbock, T 2002, Vegetation distribution in relation to topographically driven processes in southwestern Australia. Applied Vegetation Science, 5: 147-158.
10
Durak, T 2012, Changes in diversity of the mountain beech forest herb layer as a function of the forest management method. Forest Ecology Management, 276: 154-164.
11
Erfanzadeh, R, Hendrickx, F, Maelfait, J & Hoffmann, M (2010), The effect of successional stage and salinity on the vertical distribution of seeds in salt marsh soils. Flora, 205: 442-448.
12
Esmailzadeh, O, Hosseini, SM, Tabari, M, Baskin, CC & Asadi, H 2011, Persistent soil seed banks and floristic diversity in Fagus orientalis forest communities in the Hyrcanian vegetation region of Iran. Flora, 206: 365-372.
13
Esmailzadeh, O, Hosseini, SA, Tabari, M & Asadi, H 2011, Classification system analysis in forest plant communities (Case study: Darkolas beech forest). Iranian Journal of Plant biology, 3: 11-28.
14
Famiglietti, F, Rudnicki, J & Rodell, J 1998, Variability in surface moisture content along a hill slope transect: Rattlesnakee Hill, Texas, Journal of Hydrology, 210: 259-281.
15
Fallah, H, Jalali, GA & Tabari, M 2012, Indicator plant species and site conditions of Persian Poplar populations in Hyrcanian Forest (Iran). Annals of Biological Research, 3: 2763-2770.
16
Fattahi, B, Zare Chahouki, M, Jafari, M, Azarinvand, H & Tahmasebi, P 2017, Relation between species diversity and biomass in mountainous habitat in Zagros rangelands. Journal of Rangeland Science, 7: 316-325.
17
Fosaa, A M 2004, Biodiversity patterns of vascular plant species in mountain vegetation in the Faroe Island. Diversity and Distribution, 10: 217-223.
18
García‐Valdés, R, Svenning, JC, Zavala, MA, Purves, DW & Araújo, MB 2015, Evaluating the combined effects of climate and land‐use change on tree species distributions. Journal of Applied Ecology, 52: 902-912.
19
Goebel, PC, Palik, BJ, Kirkman, LK, Drew, MB & West, L 2001, Lower Gulf Coastal Plain landscape: multifactor classification and analysis. Botanical Society of America, 128: 47-75.
20
Hammer, Q 2001, PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologica Electronica, pp. 4–9.
21
Hatami, Kh, Attar Roshan, S, Heydari, M 2010, Biodiversity in relation to physiographical factors in south of zagros ecosystem. Journal of Rangland Science, 7: 29-42.
22
Heydari, M 2013a, Effect of human disturbances and management on above ground vegetation composition and soil seed bank in Zagros forest ecosystem, Ilam City, PhD Dissertation, University of Guilan, 286 p.
23
Heydari, M, Poorbabaei, H, Esmaelzade, O, Porther, D & Salehi, A 2013b, Germination characteristics and diversity of soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation in disturbed and undisturbed oak forests. Forest Ecosystems Journal, 15: 286–301.
24
Heydari, M, Omidipour, R, Abedi, M, Baskin, C 2017a, Effects of fire disturbance on alpha and beta diversity and on beta diversity components of soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation, Plant Ecology and Evolution, 150 : 1-10.
25
Heydari, M, Prévosto, B, Naji, HR, Mehrabi, AA & Pothier, D 2017b, Influence of soil properties and burial depth on Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) establishment in different microhabitats resulting from traditional forest practices. European Journal of Forest Research, 136: 287-305.
26
Hosseinzadeh, R, Soosani J, Alijani V, Khosravi S & Karimikia, H 2016, Diversity of woody plant species and their relationship to physiographic factors in central Zagros forests (Case study: Perc forest, Khorramabad, Iran). Journal of Forestry Research, 27: 1137–1141
27
Jayawickreme, DH, Santoni, CS, Kim, JH, Jobbágy ,EG & Jackson, RB 2011, Changes in hydrology and salinity accompanying a century of agricultural conversion in Argentina. Ecological Applications, 21: 2367–2379.
28
Kalra, YP & Maynard, DG 1991, Methods manual for forest soil and plant analysis. Canada, Northwest Region, Northern Forestry Centre, Edmonton, Alberta. Information Report NOR-X-319E. 116 p.
29
Khansari, A, Khorasani, N & Ramezani, M 2016, Analysis of plant diversity using multivariate statistical methods. Journal of Ecology, 6: 545-553, DOI: 10.4236/oje.2016.69052.
30
Kouva, Y, Garcia, FM, Frutos, AD & Alados, CL 2014, Plant beta diversity in human-altered forest ecosystems: The importance of structural, Spatial, and topographical Characteristics of stands in patterning plant species assemblages. European Journal of Forest Research, 133: 1057-1072.
31
Mataji, A, BabaeiiKafaki, S, Kiadaliri, H 2007, Analysis of vegetation ecology and related groups based on physiographic conditions in natural forests. Journal of Agricultural Science, 13: 557-570.
32
Maranon, T, Ajbilou, R, Ojed, F, Arroya, J 1999, Biodiversity of woody species in oak woodland of southern Spain and northern Morocco. Forest Ecology Management, 115: 147-156.
33
Mataji, A, Moarefvand, P, Babaie Kafaki, S & Madanipour Kermanshahi, M (2010), Understory vegetation as environmental factors indicator in forest ecosystems. International Journal of Environment, 7: 629-638.
34
McCune B, Mefford R 1999, PC-ORD. Multivariate analysis of ecological data (version 4). MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
35
McCune, B, Grace, JB 2002, Analysis of ecological communities. MjM Software design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
36
McCune, B & Mefford, MJ 2006, PC-ORD- Multivariate analysis of ecological data, Version 5.10. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, USA.
37
McGarigal, K, Cushman, S, Stafford, S 2000, Multivariate statistics for wildlife and ecology research. New York, USA: Springer.
38
Mirzaei, J, Akbarinia, SM, Hosseni, M 2008, Biodiversity comparison of woody and ground vegetation species in relation to environmental factors in different of aspects of Zagros forest. Journal of Environmental Science, 5: 85-94.
39
Mirzaei, J, Karami, A 2015, Plant diversity and richness in relation to environmental gradient in Zagros ecosystem. Journal of Rangeland Science, 15: 294-305.
40
Mirzaei, J, Heydari, M, Prévosto, B 2017, Effects of vegetation patterns and environmental factors on woody regeneration in semi-arid oak-dominated forests, western Iran. Journal of Arid Land, 9: 368-378.
41
Mirzaei, J and Moradi M 2017, Relationships between flora biodiversity, soil physiochemical properties, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity in a semi-arid forest. Plant Ecology and Evolution, 150:151-159.
42
Nadaf, M, Ejtehadi, H, Mesdaghi, M & Farzam, M 2017, Recognizing Ecological species group and their relationships with environmental factors at Chamanbid-Jozak protected area, North Khorasan province, Iran. Journal of Rangeland Science, 7: 253-265.
43
Naghinezhad, A, Hamzehee, B & Attar, F 2008, Vegetation-environment relationships in the alder wood communities of Caspian lowland N. Iran (toward an ecological classification). Flora, 203: 567-577.
44
Pang, XY, Bao, W K & Wu, N 2011, The effects of clear-felling subalpine coniferous forests on soil physical and chemical properties in the eastern Tibetan. Plateau. Soil Use Management, 27: 213–220.
45
Pinke, G, Pal, R & Botta-Dukat, Z, 2010, Effect of environmental factors on weed species composition of cereal and stubble fields in western Hungary. Journal of Biology, 5: 283-292.
46
Pourbabaei, H, Zandi Navgran, S 2011, Study on floristic and plant species diversity in the Lebanon oak (Quercus libani) site, Chenareh, Marivan, Kordestan Province, western Iran. Journal of Biology Science, 3: 15-22.
47
Pourbabaei, H, Adel, MN 2015, The effect of environmental factors on the distribution of pasture plants in the Kurdistan region, Divandarreh. Journal of Applied Ecology, 4: 27-38.
48
Pourbabaei H & Haghgooy T 2013, Effect of physiographical factors on tree species diversity (Case study: Kandelat Forest Park). Iranian Journal of Forestry and Poplar Research, 21: 243–255.
49
Pourbabaei, H, Heydari, M, Naghilou, M & Begim, M 2015, Relationship between vegetation and environmental factors in the Anatolian Oak (Quercus petraea L.) habitat: a case study of Asalem forests, Guilan.
50
Journal of Plant Research, 28: 53-63.
51
Salehi, A, Heydari, M, Poorbabaei, H, Rostami, T, Begim Faghir M. & Ostad Hashmei, R 2013. Plant species in Oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) understory and their relationship with physical and chemical properties of soil in different altitude classes in the Arghvan valley protected area, Iran. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11: 97-110.
52
Raunkiaer, C 1934, The life forms of plant and statistical plant geography. Oxford, Clarendon Press. 721 pp.
53
Razavi, SA, Rahmani R, Sattarian A 2009 The Investigation of Effective Factors on Biodiversity Using MLR (Case study: Vaz Research Forest). Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 16: 33-50 (In Persian).
54
Rostamikia, U, Fatahi, M, Imani, AA & Sharifi, J 2010, Site demand, quantitative and characteristics of wild pistachio in Khalkhal forests. Iranian journal of Forests and Poplar Research, 17: 489-499.
55
SaghebTalebi, Kh, Sajedi, T, Pourhashemi, M 2014, Forests of Iran: A Treasure from the past, a hope for the future. Springer Press, 144 p.
56
Shabanian, N, Soheili Esfahani, S & Haydari, M 2013, Tree spatial patterns in Zagros forests (case study: Kurdistan forests, western part of Iran. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3: 121-125.
57
Taleshi H, Akbarinia M 2011, Biodiversity of woody and herbaceous vegetation species in relation to environmental factors in lowland forests of eastern Nowshahr. Journal of Biology, 24: 766–777.
58
Thomas, GW, Miller, A R, Keeney, D 1982, Exchangeable cations. In Page, Methods of Soil Analysis: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 159-164.
59
Zare-Maivan, H 2013, Mycorhizae can absorb and bioaccumulate heavy metals. In: EM, Goltapeh, Y, Rezaee A, Varma (Eds.). Fungi as Bioremediators. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 269-281.
60
Zhang, JT & Dong, Y 2010, Factors affecting species diversity of plant communities and restoration process in the loess area of China. Ecological Engineering, 36: 345-350.
61
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of ecological condition on seed germination of horizontal cypress in Hyrcanian forests
Horizontal cypress is an endemic conifer species of Hyrcanian forest which grows in special sites with Mediterranean climate in this area. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation, seed source, growing media, and sowing time on seed germination of horizontal cypress in the Pilembera nursery located in West Guilan Province. The seeds were collected from three different seed sources in west (Roodbar), middle (Hassanabad), and east (Aliabad) of Hyrcanian forests. Seeds were sown in two different times (February and March) in four soil compositions (different combinations of soil, manure, and sand), irrigated by three different periods (every day, every three days, every five days), in a complete randomized block designs. The results showed maximum seed germination and highest seedlings height in Hassanabad and Aliabad which were sown in March in pots containing soil mixed with manure, irrigated every day. According to the results, successful seedling production of horizontal cypress is highly depends on seed origins and seed sowing time.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4072_4cc0402b086905058c4265f962ec6506.pdf
2020-04-01
171
179
10.22124/cjes.2020.4072
Seed germination
Cypress
Nursery
Iran
Federa
Mirsaleh Gilani
fedra3033@yahoo.com
1
Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Eslami
2
Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahram
Naseri
bnasery@gmail.com
3
Caspian Forest Tree Seed Center, Forest Rangelands and Watershed Organization, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Badr
4
Department of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
Alvaninejad, S, Taari, M, Espahbodi, K, Taghavei, M & Hamzepour, M 2010, Morphology and germination characteristics of Quercus brantii Lindl. Acorns in nursery. Iranian Journal of Forest & Poplar Research, 17: 523-533 (In Persian).
1
Barbour, J, Holston, K, Eckhart, R, Parresol, BR & Pharo, J 2001, Temperature effect on longleaf pine seed germination at a container nursery. USDA Forest Service, 4 p.
2
Boyerr, JN & South, D 2004, Date of sowing and emergence timing affect growth and development of loblolly pine seedlings. New Forests, 231: 253- 271.
3
Brady, NC & Weil RR 1990, The nature and properties of soils. 12th ed., Prentice Hallˏ Upper Saddle River, NJ, (Vol. 13, pp. 662-710)
4
Brisette, JC & Chamber, JL 1992, Leaf water status & root system water flux of short leaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings in relation to new growth after transplanting. Tree Physiology, 11: 289-303.
5
Brito, JMC, Lopes, R, Machado, AMV, Guerrero, CAC, Faleiro, L & Beltrao, J 2007, Sewage sludge as a horticultural substrate. Biomedical and Life Sciences, 86: 205-286.
6
Chauhanˏ Sˏ Negiˏ AK & Todariaˏ NP 1996ˏ Effect of provenance variation and temperature on seed germination of Alnus nepalensis. Plant physiology & Biochemistry, 23: 94-95.
7
Driessche, VR, Rudo, W, Martens, L 2004, Effect of fertilization and irrigation on growth of aspen (Populus termuloides), Forest Ecology & Management, 186: 381-389.
8
Espahbodi, K, Mirzaie – Nodoushan, H, Tabari, M, Akbarinia, M & Dehghan Shooraki, Y 2006, Effect of seed source altitude in wild service treeˏ on seed germination. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 59: 103-112 (In Persian).
9
Fotelli, MNR, Aadoglou, KM & Constantinidou, HIA 2000, Water stress of seedlings of four Mediterranean Oak species. Tree Physiology, 20: 1065-1075.
10
Gautam, MK, Mead, DJ, Clinton, PW & Change, SX 2003, Biomass and morphology of Pinus radiata coarse root components in a sub-humid temperate silvo-pastoral system. Forest Ecology & Management, 177: 387- 397.
11
Gholami, SH 2007, The effect of weeding, depth and sowing date seed to the growth of pistachio seedlings in nursery. Iranian Journal of Research & Construction, 75: 71-80 (in Persian).
12
Harrington, J 1972, Seed and longevity, In TT Kozlowski (Ed), Seed Biology, Academic Press, New York. Vol. III, 145-245.
13
Harrington, JT, Loveall, MW & Kirksey, RE 2003, Establishment and early growth of dryland plantings of Arizona cypress in New Mexico, USA Agroforestry Systems, 63: 183- 192.
14
Heydari, A, Mattaji, A, Kia-daliri, H & Shabanian, N 2011, Effect of planting depth and time on seeds germination of Manna oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 19:128-140 (in Persian).
15
Heydari, M, Shahryari, H, Mirzaei, J & Pothier, D 2016, The effect of seed pre-soaking, burial depth and site conditions on the survival and growth of wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia). Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 14: 239-251.
16
Isik, K 1986, Altitudinal variation in Pinus brutia Tenˏ seed and seedling characteristics. Silvae Genetica, 35: 2-3.
17
Jink, R, Backer C & Nilloughby, I 2006, Direct seeding of Ash and Sycamore: The effects of sowing date, pre-emergent herbicides, cultivation and protection on seedling emergence and survival. Forest Ecology & Management, 237: 373-386.
18
Jocobs, DF, Salifu, KF & Seifert, JR 2005, Growth and nutritional response of hardwood seedlings to controlled-release fertilization at out planting. Forest Ecology Management, 214: 28-39.
19
Johnson, JD 1990, Dry matter partitioning in lobolly and slash pines: Effects of fertilization & irrigation. Forest Ecology & Management, 30: 147-157.
20
Khademi, A, Adeli, E, Babaei, S & Mattaji, A 2005, Study of afforestation (Khojin Forest park & Hiroabad) in Khalkhal area & present adaptable species. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Islamic Azad University. 11: 59-69 (in Persian).
21
Khan, ML 2003, Effect of seed mass on seedling success in Artocarpus heterophyllus L. a tropical tree species of north- east India. Acta Oecologia, 25: 103-110.
22
Khasa, DP, Fung, M & Logan, B 2005, Early growth response of container- grown selected woody boreal seedlings in amended composite tailings and tailings sand. Bioresources Technology, 96: 857-864.
23
Kiani, B 1999, Study the rooting of seedlings Pinus taeda in the Conditions of bare root and pot. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 58: 333-338 (In Persian).
24
Landsberg, JJ & Gower, ST 1997, Applications of physiological ecology to forest management. In: HA, Mooney (Ed.), Academic Press, USA. 354 p.
25
Lavendar, DP 1984, Plant physiology and nursery environment: Interactions affecting seedling growth. In: Forest nursery manual: Production of bare root seedlings. Springer, Dordrecht, 133-141.
26
Luoranen, J, Rikala, R, Konttinen, KS, Smolander, H 2006, Summer planting of Picea abies container-grown seedlings: Effects of planting date on survival, height growth and root egress. Forest Ecology & Management, 237: 534-544.
27
Malakouti, MJ & Homaei, M 2004, Soil fertility of Arid and Semi-arid Regions (Difficulties & Solutions)ˏ Tarbiat Modares University Press, Tehran, Iran, 482 p. (in Persian).
28
McCreary, DD 1990, Acorn sowing date affects field performance of Blue& valley oak CA. Tree Planters Notes, 41: 6-9.
29
Morris, MH, Negreros-Castillo, P & Mize, C 2000, Sowing date, shade and irrigation affect bigleaf mahagony (Swietenia macrophylla King). Forest Ecology & Management, 132: 173-181.
30
Mossadegh, A 1996, Silviculture. University of Tehran Press, 481 p. (in Persian).
31
Nagakura, J, Shigenaga, HA & Takahashi, M 2004, Effects of simulated drought stress on the fine roots of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in a plantation forest on the Kanto Plain, eastern Japan. Journal of forest Research, 12: 143-151.
32
Nambiar, EKS & Fife, DN 2007, Growth and nutrient re-translocation in needles of radiate pine in relation to nitrogen supply. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 60: 147-156.
33
Navarro, RM, Retamosa, MJ, Lopez, J, Campo, AD, Ceaceros, C & Salmoral, L 2006, Nursery practices and field performance for the endangered Mediterranean species Abies pinsapo Boiss. Journal of Ecological Enginiering, 27: 93-99.
34
Oliet, AJ, Planelles, R, Artero, F & Jacobs, FD 2005, Nursery fertilization and tree shelters affect Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Pathology, 48: 77-82.
35
Ranal, MA & Santana, DG 2006, How and why to measure the germination process? Revista Brasileira de Botanica, 29: 1-11.
36
Sheikh, AH & Abdul, MMD 2007, Seed morphology & germination studies of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. at nursery stage in Bangladesh. Journal of Agriculture & Biological Sciences, 3: 35-39.
37
Shibu, ME, Leffelaar, PA, Van Keulen, H & Aggarwal, PK 2006, Quantitative description of soil organic matter dynamics- A review of approaches with reference to rice-based cropping systems, Geoderma, 137: 1–18.
38
Soltani, A, 2011, Seed germination response of Haloxylon persicum (Chenopodiaceae) to different hydrothermal conditions and sand burial depths. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 9: 211-221.
39
Soofizadeh, N, Hoseini, SM & Tabari, M 2009, Effect of sowing date, irrigation and weed control on biomass, ratio of shoot/root length and vitality rate of Cupressus arizonica seedling in nursery. Iranian Journal of Forest, 1: 163-173 (in Persian).
40
Tabandeh, A, Tabari, M, Espahbodi, K & Mirzaie Nodoushan, H 2007, Seed Sources effects on seedling growth of wild service tree in 3rd year after planting. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 76: 48- 53 (In Persian).
41
Tabari, M, Poormajidian, MR & Alizadeh, AR 2004, Effect of soil, irrigation and weeding on production of cypress (cupressus sempervirens L.) seeding in Shahrposht nursery, Nowshahr. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 70: 65-69 (In Persian).
42
Thompson, BE 1984, Establishing a vigorous nursery crop: bed preparation, seed sowing and early seed growth. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State Universityˏ Martines Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publisher, 41-49.
43
Todaria, NP & Negi, AK 1995, Effect of elevation and temperature on seed germination of some Himalayan tree species. Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, 22: 178–182.
44
Ungar, LA 1996, Effect of salinity on seed germinationˏ growth and ion accumulation of Atriplex patula (Chenopodiaceae). American Journal of Botany, 83: 604-607.
45
Vines, RA 1960, Trees, shrubs and woody vines of the southest Austin, University of Texas Press, 1104 p.
46
Yosef-zade, H, Espahbodi, K, Tabari, M & Jalali, Gh 2007, Study of seed germination and production efficiency of maple seedlings (Acer velutinum Bioss.) collected from 11 sites in the Mazandaran forests. Journal of Crop Production & Processing, 40: 465-470.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Implementation of Green Tax on Environmental Pollutants’ Dispersion on Macroeconomic Variables: Application of Multi-Regional General Equilibrium Model
The present paper aims to determine the effects of various scenarios of green tax burden on pollution dispersion and multiple macro-economic variables such as GDP along with welfare and inflation. In addition, the effects of technical progress on major pollutant industries such as coal, oil and gas were evaluated. For this purpose general multiregional equilibrium method (GTAP-E) was used. The results of the study indicated that under low tax rate scenario, GDP remained unchanged. Increase in the carbon tax rate would not followed by increase in GDP. Energy consumption and social welfare increased but inflation decreased. Furthermore, increase in efficiency along with advance technology caused reduction in dispersion of environmental pollutants along with GDP growth and consequent increase in government tax revenue.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_4073_32a634bcdb7857842a6c375feeccc068.pdf
2020-04-01
181
192
10.22124/cjes.2020.4073
Environmental CGE model
carbon tax rate
Energy Consumption
CO2 emissions
Multi-Regional General Equilibrium Model GTAP)
Zahra
Zeinali Ghasemi
1
Department of Agricultural Economics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Nematollah
Mousavi
mousavi_sn@yahoo.com
2
Department of Agricultural Economics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahaeddin
Najafi
banajfi@gmail.com
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Burniaux, Jean-Marc, Truong, Truong 2002, GTAP-E: An Energy-Environmental Version of the GTAP Model.
1
Boqiang, Lin, Zhijie Jia 2018, The energy, environmental and economic impacts of carbon tax rate and taxation industry: A CGE based study in China. Energy, 2018.06.167.
2
Borischer, M 1955, An Introduction to Calculable General Equilibrium Models (Text in Persian) Fatemeh Bozazan and Maryam Soleimani Movahed 2013, Tehran: Publishing Nayer Ney.
3
Dong, HJ, Dai, HC, Dong, L, Tsuyoshi Fujita, Geng, Y 2015, Pursuing air pollutant co-benefits of CO2 mitigation in China: a provincial leveled analysis. Applied Energy, 144: 165–174.
4
Pearson, K & M, Horridge 2005, Hands-on Computing With Run GTAP and WinGEM to Introduce GTAP and GEMPACK, GEMPACK Center: 58.
5
Fu, R 2011, Technical and economic analysis on the new emission standard of air pollutants for thermal power plants. Energy Technol. Econ, 23: 56-60.
6
Mousavi, SN, Mozaffari, Z, Motamed, MK,”The effect of higher fuel price on pollutants emission in Iran” Caspian J. Environ. Sci, 2018, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 1~11
7
He, YX, Zhang, SL, Yang, LY, Wang, YJ, Wang, J 2010, Economic analysis of coal price-electricity price adjustment in China based on the CGE model. Energy Policy (38), 6629–6637.
8
https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/res display.asp?Record ID = 923.
9
Lin, BQ, Jia, ZJ 2018, Impact of quota decline scheme of emission trading in China: A dynamic
10
Lin, BQ, and Li, AJ 2012, Impacts of removing fossil fuel subsidies on China: How large and how to
11
Liu, Y, Lu, YY 2015, The Economic impact of different carbon tax revenue recycling schemes in China: a model-based scenario analysis. Appl. Energy (141), 96–105.
12
Mahmoodi 2017, Oil price reduction impacts on the Iranian economy Zb. rad. Ekon. fak. Rij, 35: 353-374.
13
Mahmoodi, A 2015, “Global trade analysis project”. Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
14
mitigate? Energy, 44: 741-749.
15
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs recursive CGE model. Energy, 149, 190-203. energy.
16
Technology Management Co. and the Tehran Stock Exchange.
17
Ziaee 2013, Construction and application of multiregional computable general equilibrium model of Iran. Thesis Submitted for Fulfil the Degree of Ph. D. (Agricultural Economics) January 2013.
18