ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Process of urban development and its environmental impacts on the Southern Caspian Sea region
This paper examines the trend of urban development and its environmental impacts in southern Caspian Sea Region . which constitutes three provinces of Gullan. Mazandaran and Golestan in northern Iran. As a distinct georaphical region, Southern Caspian Region in northern Iran is a rich area in terms of natural resources and is heavily occupied by population and activities. While this region covers only 3.5 % of Iranian territory, it includes 10.3% of population and 12.3%‘ of cities in the country, of which the density is three times more than that of the country in average. With 657 km of coastline and suitable climate for most part of the year. this region is the most important recreation area for tourism activities in Iran especially In the summer time. The focus of this paper is to analyze the trend of urban development and population change in three northern provinces in the last 45 years and the major environmental effects which urban development has had in the region. The results of the analysis indicate that the major environmental impacts of urban development in the Southern Caspian Sea Region include: (1) water pollution because of the lack of appropriate sewage system and direct dlschare of run oft‘ waters from households and industrial units into the
rivers. This issue has led to the pollution of waterbodies especially such as In Anzali Lagoon and destruction of natural breeding areas for fish in several places; (2) Soil pollution through inappropriate deposition of urban waste outside the cities and along roadsides; and (3) clearance of the forest and invasion of the agricultural lands because of urban sprawl. At the end, some recommendations are made to alleviate and control the negative environmental impacts Department of Environment, Gullan University, Iran 1‘ of urban development in order to preserve the fragile environment in the region.
Keywords:
Caspian Sea Region. urban development, environmental impacts, water pollution, sewage system, urban waste, soil pollution.
References
Azimi, Nooreddin. 2001. Urban Land use pattern in Guilan Province, lran. in 7th Annual Research Proseedings of Guilan University, 2001, pp.274-287.
Berry, Brian. l.L. 1990. Urbanization, in the earth as transformed by human action. Turner II, B. L. et al (Eds), Cambridge. pp. 103-120.
Golami, Hamid. 2001. A survey on theconditions of rivers in Guilan Province, in Proceeding of 4th conference on environmental pollutants, Guilan University, April, 2001. pp. 327-334.
Mansoori, J. 1984. National Report of Iran in: Proc. Second Conference of the Parties, Groningen, Netherland, 7-12 May 1984: 345-352. Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland, Switzerland.
Saber Maash. Nasim. 2001, An study on hospital waste management in Guilan province, in Proceeding of 4th conference on environmental pollutants, Guilan university, April, 2001. pp. 302-310.
Sabetraftar. K. 2001. Environmental impact assessment of Anzali new ring road, in Proceeding of 4th conference on environmental pollutants, Guilan University, April, 2001. pp. 137-140.
Sadjjadi, Noosheen. 2001. The impact of Parskhazar faotory's waste water on Siahrud river, in Proceeding of 4th conference on environmental pollutants, Guilan university, April, 2001. pp. 251- 272.
Scott, Dereck, A1995. A dictionary of wetlands in the Middle East, lUCN- The World Conservation Union.
Seager, Jonl. 1995, The state of the earth atlas. A Touchestone Book 2nd edition. Statistical Center of Iran, 2001, Yearbook 2000, Tehran.
United States Energy Administration, 2002.Region in www.ela.doe.gov.
Zanjani, H. and Rahmani, F. 1989,Population of Iranian cities, Center for urban planning and architecture studies of Ministry of Housing and urban Development. Tehran.
Zarkaml. R. and Sabetrattar, K. 2001. An analysis on the trophic conditions of entering rivers into Anzali lagoon. In Proceeding of 4th conference on environmental pollutants, Guilan university, April, 2001. pp. 197-2065.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_3831_72d167ed00e2f0d7f198bfacb395c6df.pdf
2003-01-01
1
7
10.22124/cjes.2003.3831
Nooreddin
Azimi
1
Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Lack of South Caspian Habitat Conservation Network, A Serious Threat on Biodiversity
Iran, a 4-season land in the world, is located in semi-arid part of Asia. There are several geographical climates in this country, which are the main causes for the existence of diverse ecological conditions. In the north, where the Caspian Sea meets the land, there are three provinces. One of these, Guilan province, (the studied area) is located in the southwest of the Caspian with different geographical conditions. Differences in altitude (3000 meter) and precipitation (1200 mm) are important causes for the development of several ecosystems (Fig. 1). These ecosystems include the sea, rivers, estuary, wetland, irrigation pond, hills, grasslands, mountains and Hyrcanian Forest. These ecosystems involve more than 200 species of birds (native and migratory), 65 species of mammals, 49 species of amphibians and 97 species of trees. Since 1971, when the government of Iran established a new department for the environmental conservation, only 5 valuable habitats have been under management in Guilan province with 40089 ha of surfaces. In proportion to the total surface of the province, 2.7 percent of the whole area is under the department's management. Meanwhile, IUCN announced that until the year of 2000 governments should include 10 percent of their countries as protected and under management areas, and that is their last chance to protect their biodiversity. These 5 valuable under management habitats have surface areas of about 33050, 4500, 1230, 949 and 360 ha(s). Although the first one includes several ecosystems in habitat, others only focused on specific geographical areas. Long distances between habitats, lack of integrity, local and special function for each habitat (most of them are wetlands), sediments and degradation in under management areas on the one hand, and urban development, pollution, poor people with low income, illegal hunting and fishing, forest harvesting, lack of guarding, lack of budget and equipment, low public awareness and participation in non-management areas on the other hand are the main causes for the extinction of one species in the past few years. So, 17 species of mammals, 18 species of amphibians and 14 species of birds are in on the endangered species list in this area. This study intends to show the current status of the nature in the area, to determine the main causes and the possible methodological problem solutions. Reference Statistics book of Iran (1964), Management and Planning Organization of Iran. Statistics book of Guilan from (1931 to 2000- 2001), Management and Planning Organization of Guilan. Abbasl. K., et al., (1999). Atlas of Iranian Fishes, Guilan inland water, Nezami, S.A., Sakari, M., Allzadeh. M, (2000). The Caspian Sea iodiversity in Iran. Dep. Of the Environment, Guilan Provincial office. Nezami, S.A., Alizadeh, M., Sakari, M., (1999). A Survey on Solid waste and Wastewater in Guilan, Dep. Of the Environment, Guilan Provincial office. Riazi, B., (1998). importance and current status of biodiversity in the world. "The Environment" The Iranian Seasonal magazine, vol. 27. Esmaeili, A.. et. al, (2001). invasive of Mnemyopsis leidyi to the Caspian Sea.Tarbiat Modarres University. Ghahraman, A., Attar, F., (1999). Biodiversity of plant in lran, Vol. 1. 2. Tehran University presses. Sabetraftar, K., Anzali Wetland Recovering Plan, Vol., 1, 2, 3, (1995-2.000|). Department of the Environment Conservation, Guilan Provincial Otfice.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_927_90d55b4a0a8d7414837334964372e280.pdf
2003-01-01
8
22
M.
Sakari
1
Department of Environment and Conservation, Guilan Province, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Caspian Sea level changes and its impact on coastal economy
The peculiarities associatedwith the sea changes as well as reasons determining the natures of environmental changes are considered in this paper.Here, the emphasis is given to the consequences associated with the sea level changes that impact upon the state of economy of the coastal areas. The most negative consequences in terms of the sea level rising that took place during the last 20 years were observed in the mostly developed coastal areas. Due to it, serious damage was caused to the economy of these zones. One of these areas is the coast of Absheron peninsula where a number of enterprises of oil complex are concentrated. Analysis of general regularities of the Caspian Sea changes for the last 150 years alloflws us to distinguish the totality of climatic and tectonic factors, which are considered to be determining factors in natural processes occurring in the region. Today Caspian region is one of the most attractive regions of the world where one can observe an intensive increase of production aimed at development of natural resources of the sea and coastal areas. Together with it the main task here is to consider the established regularities of the Caspian Sea level changes which gain a special attension for designing and selecting areas of location and construction of agricultural and recreation objects. Key words: Natural factors, Sea level changes, Coastal areas, Coastal economy, Oil REFERENCES
Aliyev A.S. Ismailov Ch.l\l. (1998). Modern problems of the Caspian Sea - Joumal—The Caspian Sea: Science, education,technologies, 1: 147-20.Appolov B.A., et. al, (1963). Soobrazheniya po metodike rascheta budushegoresheniya urovnya Kaspiya - Vestnik, MSU, series ofgeography, ‘2. Remlzova SS. (1969).Kaspiskcye more, M. Eygenson M.S 1963. Budushee Kaspiiskogo morya. Problemi Kaspiiskogo morya. Baku. Peltier W.R., Tushingham A.M. (1989).Global sea level rise and greenhouse effect: might they be connected? — Science. 4906:806—810. Vodnii balans. Smirnova KJ. (1972). Vodnii balans I dolgosrochni progncz urcvn ya Kaspiiskogo mo rya. Trudi Hydrometeoizdat. M. Shilo NA. 1969. Priroda kolebaniya urovnya Kaspiya, v.305, *2. Dagestan Academy of Sciences. Leontiev O.K. (1982). Pochemu ne sbilis prognozi? - Vestnik MSU, series of geography, *4. Mansimov M.R. (1996). Water level changes of the Caspian Sea as an indicator of regional climatic changes. First Regional Conference on Climatic change. Tehran, pp. 53-64. Kosarev A.N., et. al (1988). Oh izmeneniyah urovnya Kaspiisl-cogo morya Ivozmozhnosti ih prognozirovaniya -Vestnik MSU. series of geography, 1:24. Economic, Sociai and Ecological problems of the Western Turkmenistan arisingfrom the Caspian Sea Level Rise (1995). UN Environment program,Turkmenistan National Report, Ashkhabat. Ministry of Energy IRAN (1994). Preliminary Report on Sea ievel rise impacts of the Caspian Coastal Area. Tehran. Sadykov Zh.S, et. al., (1995). Prirodniye raiony pribrezhnoi zoni Kaspiiskogo morya I tipy ego beregov. Reports of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences, *6. Sadykov Zh.S, et. al.. (1995). Kaspiiskoye more I ego pribrezhnaya zona. Alma-Ata. Sagad iyev K.A., (1995). Prololemi Kaspiiskogo morya I ikh resheniya. Reports of the Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences, *6 Posledstviya izmeneniya kiimata Kaspiiskogo morya (1995). National report of the Russian Federation,Moscow. Satiyanov G.A. et. al., (1994). Dinarnika l problemi ustoichivosti beregovKaspiiskogo morya. Melioratsiya l vodnoye
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_3832_56e3b8378b2d411d7d6a9f3e81352b07.pdf
2003-01-01
23
34
10.22124/cjes.2003.3832
Chingiz
lsmailov Niyazi oglu
ischingiz@yahoo.com
1
Baku State University, Caspian Research and Information Center Z. Khaiilov str. 23, 370148 Baku, Azerbaijan
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Acidic deposition: Concern for the future of Caspian region
After almost three decades of intensive research on acidic deposition, it is still an important environmental issue in Europe '- and North America. Furthermore, anthropogenic emissions of the major pollutants involved _ sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides (NO) __ are increasing rapidly as industrialization proceeds and the use of fossil fuels increases in new geographical areas, including parts of eastern and southern Asia, southern Africa, and South America. These pollutants and their transformation products have long atmospheric lifetimes and can be carried by weather systems to distances of up to a few thousand kilometers from their point of emission. This causes acid deposition far from the primary source of pollution, thus making it a regional problem and an international transboundary issue. Considerable advances in the understanding of acidic emissions, transportation, deposition and consequent effects on ecosystems have allowed the development of the concept of “Critical loads", which has become an integral part of international negotiations aimed at controlling emission levels within Europe. Abatement strategies based on the critical load concept resulted in substantial decreases of acidic emissions, which have led to a lower degree of environmental degradation and even recovery in deposition. Some ecosystems in eastern Asia, where a regional acid monitoring network [El-WET) is some ecosystems in eastern Asia, a regional acid already established implementation of some abatement strategies is under consideration. Economic progress in the Caspian region is associated with an increase in the oil and gas production, industrialization and a higher demand for energy and food production. On the basis of previous experiences, such a progress will definitely lead to a considerable increase in emissions of acidifying pollutants. It is important that the environmental impacts of these emissions are estimated and taken into account in the planning process. The impact study is especially very crucial for the highly" sensitive ecosystem of the southern Caspian watershed. If less polluting techniques are applied in the region, environmental problems, like those experienced in Europe and North America may be lessened. A rational strategy for limiting the adverse effects of acidifying pollutants should include consideration of critical loads and critical levels. So far, only preliminary estimates of critical loads are available for some parts of the regionand there is a real need for regionalresearch programs in this regard. Experience from policy actions, especially in the European region, could also be very useful for the Caspian states. There is, indeed, an obligation for environmental scientists to promote communication and cooperation with policymaking and decision-making sectors of the Caspian societies hoping that they can have better, if not the best, policy options to prevent further environmen-tal deterioration. References Battarbee, R.W. et al. 1985.Lake acidification in Galloway: A palaeoecologicai test of competing hypotheses. Nature, 314: 350. Brodin, Y. and Kuylenstiema, J 1992. Acidification and critical loads in Nordic countries: A background. Ambic, 2 1, No. 5:332. Cerny, l and Paces, T. (eds) 1995. Acidification in the Black Triangle Region. C.G.S, Prague. Charles, D.F. 1991. Effects of acidic deposition on North American lakes: Palaeolimnological evidence from diatoms and chryophtes. Phil- Trans. R. Soc. London, B327: 403. Cowling, E.B. 1982. A historical resume of progress in scientific and public understanding of acid precipitation and its consequences. Environ. Soi.'l'ech., 16: 1 10A. Elvingson, P. 1996. Evidence of continued decline. Acid News, 5: 6. Erisman, J.W. et al. 1994a. A generalized description of the deposition acidifying pollutants on a small scale in Europe. in: Borrei et al. (eds.), The proc. of EUROTRC symp.'94. Academic, 588p. Galloway, J.N. 1995. Acid deposition: Perspectives in time and space. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 85: 15. Galloway, J.N. 2001. Acidification of the World: Natural and Anthropogenic. Water, Air, and Soil pollution, 130: 17. Havas, M. and Rosseland, B.0. 1995. Response of zooplankton, benthos and fish to acidification: An overview. water, Airand Soil Pollution, 85: 5 1. i-lenrikson, A. et al. 1992. Critical loads of acidity: Nordic surface waters. Ambio, 21: 356. Hultberg, H and Grennfelt. P. 1991. Sulphur and sea salt deposition as reflected by throughfall and runoff chemistry in forested catchments. lVL, Bl009, Swedish Environ mental Research institute, Goteborg, Sweden. Lovblad, G. et al. 1992. Deposition of sulfur and nitrogen in the Nordic countries: Present and future Ambio, 2 1, No. 5: 339. Matzner, E. and Murach, D. 1995. Soil changes induced by air pollutant deposition and their implication for forests in Central Europe. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 85: 63. Oden, S. 1968.The acidification of air and precipitation and its consequences in the natural environment Ecological Committee Bulletin 1, Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm. Translations Consultants, Ltd. Arlington, USA. Renberg, I. et al. 1991. Recent acidification and biological changes in Lilla Oresjon, southwest Sweden, and the relation to atmospheric pollution and land-use history. Phil, Trans. R. Soc. London, B327: 391. RGAR 1997. Acid deposition in die United Kingdom, 1992-1994. Fourth report of the Review Group on Acid Ram, Department on Environment. Rodhe, H. et al. 1995. Acid Rain 95? Summary Statement from the 5th International conference On Acidic- Deposition Science and Policy. Gothenburg, Sweden, 26 . -30 June 1995: Kluwer Academic. Satake, K. et al. 2001. Acid Rain 2000 — Conference Summary Statement —Looking Back to the past and Thinking of the Future. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution,_130: 1. Streets, D.G. and Waldhoff, S.T. 2000: Present and future emissions of air pollutants in China: S02, No, and CO. Atmospheric Environment, 34: 363. UN ECE 1988. Conclusions and draft recommendations of the workshops on critical levels for forests, crops and materials and on critical loads for sulfur and nitrogen, EB. AlRIR 30, Geneva. UN ECE 1997. Forest condition in Europe. Results of the 1996 crown condition survey, 1997 Technical Report. Brussels, Belgium.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_3833_7cab626bab7762b7cb232e6cff2d7d21.pdf
2003-01-01
35
39
10.22124/cjes.2003.3833
Masoud
V. Moghaddam
msattari647@gmail.com
1
The University of Guilan, P.O. Box 3489, Rasht, IRAN
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Sulphide absorbing gas cleaning in the basics of ethanolamines and formaldehyde
Raw material of heavy oil and gas deposits, developed in per Caspian lowland (Orenburg, Astrakhan, Tengiz, Zanazol), is characterized by high content of acid components (H2S, CO2) and sulphoorganic compounds. Under such circumstances the importance of industrial mining and development of new, economical and wasteless technologies, providing full and experienced usage of all raw compounds being developed, as well as growing ecological demands, acquire great significance.
References Alekseev s.Z., Afanasjev A.J., Kislenko N.N. Employment of new absorbentsat gas processing plants. Gas industry, 2000, N3, pp. 38-40. Ismagllov F.R., Vollzov A.A., Safin R.‘R. et al. 2000,Ecology and new techndogies in hydrogen sulphide gas cleaning, Ufa, Ecology, p. 214. Fahriev A.N., Fahrlev R.A I patent R F N2121492, Claimed in 1996, 04. 11., published in 1998, 11. 10. Method of oil, gas condensate and their fractions cleaning off merkaptans and hydrogen sulphide. lsmagilov F.R., Vasjko J.P., plvovarova N.A. et. al. 2001, New approach to sulfohydrocarbon raw material. as industry,11 p. lsmagllov F.R., Safln R.R., lsmagilova Z.F. et. al. 2001, Investigation of cydrogen sulphide absorbents in the basics of amines and formaldehyde. Works of the 2nd International Scientific Conference" problems and perspectives of oil and gas developing industry in Kazahstan in XXI century". - Aktau State Unviversity atter sh, Esenov, pp.121-123. Vasilevskaya L.S. , Shimko G.l. , lsmagllov F.R. 1987, Book of methods defining concentration of polluting substances in industrial wastes . L.Hydrometheolzdat, pp. 53-55.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_929_e622cd6ad94c308afc65bb43ed30fc72.pdf
2003-01-01
47
51
Z.F
Ismagilova, Z.F
1
-Astrakhan State Technical University Astrakhan, Russia
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.V.
Mesheryakov
2
Astrakhan State Technical University Astrakhan, Russia
AUTHOR
J.P.
Vasjko
3
Astrakhan State Technical University Astrakhan, Russia
AUTHOR
F.R.
Ismagilov
4
Astrakhan State Technical University Astrakhan, Russia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Parasites of stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from south-west of Caspian Sea
Sturgeons are the most important fishes of Caspian Sea, but there are few reports about the pathogens of them in southern part of the Sea. in this survey, it has been attempted to indicate the parasite communities of Acipenser steflatus and their prevalence as well as their effects on the fish growth. In this survey 234 A. steflatus were caught from three different geographical locations including fisheries sections I. ii and a hatchery adjucent to Sephid Rud River (ill) in south -west of Caspian Sea (Guilan Province. iran).Common parasitology procedures were used for necropsy of the fish and recovery of parasites. The parasites were fixed in Buffererd Formalin (10%) and ethyl alcohol (70%), stained by Acetocarmine and then identified. Standard statistical computations (mean, Standard Deviation, range, prevalence and dominance) were calculated for the overall samples and for samples grouped by geographical location. The differences between groups defined by Z test and One Way Anova test (p<0.05). Nine different parasite species wererecovered from internal organs of the fishincluding Skrjabinopsoius semiarmatus (preva|ence= p = 43.15%). Leptorhynchoides plagicephaius (p = 20.18%). Cuculianus sphaerocephaius (,0:17.26%}, Eubothrium acipenserfnum (p=9.14%), Bothrimonus faflax (p = 4.47%), Eustrongylides excisus (larvae), Anisakis sp. (larvae), Amphilina foiiacea and Corynosoma strumosum. The prevalence and intensity of parasites in fisheries section of ii and III were more than section I. A direct relation was found between some parasites(especially 8 .semr'armatus) and size. The prevalence and intensity of some parasites in females were more than males and also it was found that there is a correlation between some parasites (especially 3. semiamiatus) and season. in this survey, again it was found that the internal parasites of A. steliatus in this area (south ~ west) are the same as northern part of Caspian Sea but the diversity of parasites was less than north. Furthermore, the diversity of parasites has been decreased in a period of time (compared with the first survey), though the prevalence and intensity of some (marine) parasites appears to be increased during this period.
Keywords: Fish, sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus, parasite, Caspian Sea
References
Dogiel, V.A.; Bykhovskiy, B.E. (1939): The parasites of fishes of Caspian Sea; in: Parasitic nematodes of fresh water fishes of Europe; Moravec, F. (1994); Kluwer Academic Publishers 473 p.
Dubinln, V.B. (1952). Parazitofauna molodi osetrovikh ryb Nizhnei Volgi. In: The fresh water fishes of Europe; HolciK, J. (1989), Vol.1, part.2, AULA-Veriag Weisbaden Publication.
Emadi,H;(1996). The situation of catching and the reason of decreasing the sturgeons stock ; Journal of Abzyyan ,voI.1 , p.16-18; Iran, In Persian
Goroi,A;(1995): Identification of blood andinternal parasites of A. persicus in southern part of Caspian Sea ; Journal of Fisheries Organization of Iran ; vol.1, pp.35; ln Persian .
HolciK .J , (1989) , The fresh water fishes of Europe , Vol.1 , part.2 , AULA-Venag
Weisbaden Publication , pp. 395-433 , 345-363 , 206-223
Mokhayer, B. (1972): Recherches sur le parasitisme des Esturgoens de la MerCaspienne Meridionale, These; Universite de Paris
Moravec, F. (1994): Parasitic Nematodes of fresh watr fishes of Europe, Kluwer Academic publishers, pp. 172-173, 195- 198, 377-380, 396 -399 .
Nechaeva, N.L.; (1964). Parazitofauna molodi osetrovikh ryb Kaspiisko — Kurinskogo rajona; In: The fresh water fishes of Europe; Ho|c1'K, J. (1989), Vol.1,part.2, AULA-Veriag Weisbaden Publication.
Sattari, M. ( 1999). Parasites of sturgeons (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae ) from south -west part of Caspian Sea ; Thesis ;Faculty of veterinary medicine ; The University of Tehran ; lran ; p. 280 (In Persian).
Skryabina, E.S. (1974): Helminths of Acipenserid Fishes; ln: Parasitic Nematodes of fresh watr fishes of Europe; Moravec, F. (1994); Kluwer Academic publishers, 473 p.
Shulman , S.S.; (1954) :Obzor fauny parasitov osetrovikh ryb SSSR ; ln:The fresh water fishes of Europe ; Hoicil-<,J. (1989), vol.1 , part.2 , AULA-VerlagWeisbaden Publication .
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_3838_adf1b504248f0721910a56883da9e392.pdf
2003-01-01
53
60
10.22124/cjes.2003.3838
Masoud
Sattari
msattari647@gmail.com
1
Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural resources,University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Parasites of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) from southwest of the Caspian Sea
A survey has been carried out on parasites of 206 pieces of Persian sturgeons (Acipenser persicus ) in three different major locations, fisheries sections I, II and a hatchery near the Sefid-Rud River (Sad-e Sangar) in _i south - west of Caspian Sea (Guilan-._ province - Iran) .Six different species of 2 from internal ' parasites were isolated organs of the fish . Cucuflanus sphaerocephalus and Skijabinopsoius semiarmatus had the highest prevalence (84.85"/o and 51.23% higher than others (11.31 and 15.25 respectively), but the other parasites had { low prevalence and intensity. The Eustrongylides excisus (L), Anisakis sp. (L) and Amphilina foliacea are reported for the first time from A. persicus. The prevalence and mean intensity of parasites in fisheries section II and Sad—e Sangar were more than section 1. A direct relation was found between some parasites (especially sphaerocephalus and Skrjabinopsoius semiannatus) and size of the fish. The prevalence and mean intensity of parasites in females were more than males. It was found that there is a correlation between some parasites (especially Cucuiianus sphaerocephaius and Skrjabinopsoius semiarmatus) and season. As a whole, There was a closely correlation between the diet of the fish and the type (diversity) of the parasites.
Keywords: Fish, Persian, Sturgeon, A. persicus,Parasite, Caspian Sea
References
Artyokhin, E.N. (1979): Presideskii osetr v rekakh Sevemogo Kasypia perspektivi ego lspoizovaniya v vodoemakh khosyalstev; In: The fresh water fishes of Europe; HolciK, J. (1989), Vol.1, part.2, AULA-Veriag Weisbaden Publication.
Belyaev, V.N. (1932): Osetr (Acipenser Guldenstadti Brandt). in: The fresh water fishes of Europe; HolciK, J. (1989), Vol.1, part.2, AULA-Verlag Weisbaden Publication.
Berg, LS. (1948): Ryby presnikh vod SSR I Sopredel, nykh stran 4.ed; in: The freshwater fishes of Europe; HolciK, J. (1989), vol.1, part.2, AULA-Verlag Weisbaden Publication.
Bykhovskaya - Pavlovskaya, l.E. et. al. (1962): Key to parasites of fresh water fish of the USSR, Academy of science of the USSR ,Zoo|ogical institute , pp.396- 397 , 403-404 ,434 , 438-442 .475-476 , 479-480, 495-500, 521, 541-542 , 538- 539 , 557-558, 598 ,630 , 637-638, 650 , 657-659 .716-718 ,770,
Emadi, H. (1996): the situation of catching and the reason of decreasing the sturgeons stock Jornal of Abzyyan, vol.5, p. 16-18; iran; ie: Persian.
Gorogi, A. (1995): Identification of blood and intestinal parasites of A. persicus in southern part of Caspian Sea. Journal of Fisheries Organization of iran; Vol.1; p. 35; (In Persian).
HoiciK .J , (1989) , The fresh water fishes of Europe , Vol.1 , part.2 , AULA-Verlag Weisbaden Publication , pp. 395-433 , 345-363, 206-223
Mageramov, Ch. M ;( 1972): Poyavlenie volzhskogo osetra v r. Kure In: The freshwater fishes of Europe; HolciK, .J. (1989), Vol.1, part.2, AULA-Verlag Weisbaden Publication.
Marti, V.Yu. (1940) : Systematics i biologiya russkcgo osetra Kavlcasskogo poberezh ,ya_ Chernogo morya ; IN : The freshwater fishes of Europe; Holcik ,J (1989) ; Vol.1 ; part .2 ; AULA _ Veriag ; Weisbaden Publication.
Mokhayer, B. (1972): Recherches sur le parasitisrne des Esturgoens de la Mer Caspienne Meridionale, These; Universite de Paris
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_3839_02fc355ea4b9556a65789c729f0eee50.pdf
2003-01-01
61
66
10.22124/cjes.2003.3839
Masoud
Sattari
msattari647@gmail.com
1
Fisheries Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Sowmehsara, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The qualitative index assessment of selective sturgeon gillnet fishing for sustainable exploration of the Caspian Searesources
In order to study the quality of the gillnets used for sturgeon fisheries in the estuaries leading to Caspian Sea, the fisheries cc of Iran (SHILAT) launched a sampling program on the types of nets currently utilized by fisherman in Anzali, Babolsar andTurkman ports, in Guilan, Mazandran andGoIestan provices respectively.Three types of nets were investigated as the following: 210 Dl18l100Imm (used to catch sevruga fish) 210 DI24l150z'mm catch Sturgeons) (used to 210 Di'60I25D!mm (used to catch Beluga) Three types of nets were used to catch sevruga sevrga, Acetra and Beluga respectively. There has been a noticeable decline in the quality of the nets, which was proportionate tothe duration of their use in actual fishing operation. The nets were classified in terms of quality decline of new nets as (100%), nets used in one fishing season as (75%), nets used in two fishing seasons as (50%) and nets used for three fishing seasons as (25%). After having 1. Cut mashes of transverse, normal and 1DT x 10N, attempts were made to experiment the samples using dynamometer and twistmeter. The experiment entailed qualitative indexes such as the breaking power of iines, elacitlcity, Z score of twist, S twist. primary mesh bar and secondary mesh bar. The results obtained, indicated that the average length of primary mesh bar for sevruga shows a meaningful difference at 95% of probability rate while the average ' secondary mash bar for huso huso indicates difference at 99% of probability on the normal probability curve.
Key words: Net, Gillnet, polyamide, Net quality, Caspian Sea.
References
Sarfaraz. Ali Akbar and Bozorgnia. Aboulghassem 1991 “Agricultural test design and Analysis“ .Jehad -e- Daneshgahi Ferdowsi university — Mashhad
Samad, Aohreh & Esfandiary. Mahtash 1990,‘ “Statistical principles in experiment designs".University of Tehran publication centre.
Howell David C, (I989). Fundamental Statistics for the Behavioral Science, PVS. KENT Publishing Company.
Alekssev AP. (1971) Fish behaviour and Fishing techniques.
Baranov, F.l. (1994) The Capture of fish by gill nets, Matrer. Poznaniyu Russ. Ryobolo.3 (6).
Ben Tuvia, A. and Dickson, W. (WD). (1997) Proceeding of FAO Conference, on fish behaviour in relation to fishing techniques and tactics, FAO FISH. Rep.
Brandt. A.V. (1984) FISH Catching methods of the world, Fishing news (Books) ltd,London.
Hamley. JM. (1975) Review of gill net '«_ selectivity. J.Fish. Res. Board.
Melienkov. V. N. (1991) Construction of Fishing Gears & the techniques in applying them Agroprahidat p.387
Nisniresky .V. (199?) "Technological basis of Ind ustrial fishing".
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_3840_340e9ba6aee9627d3e1c36571a27e2d1.pdf
2003-01-01
67
71
10.22124/cjes.2003.3840
Ali Asghar
Khanipour
1
Mirza Koochak Khan Higher Vocational & Technical Fisheries Training Center, Rasht, Guilan Province, Iran
AUTHOR
Babak
Aminian
2
Mirza Koochak Khan Higher Vocational & Technical Fisheries Training Center, Rast, Guilan Province, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of hazards under operation of ship's Ammonia refrigerating machineries in the Caspian basin
The ten years‘ period of a development of Pre-Caspian states, earlier having entered the former USSR, is characterized as a transition to new patterns of ownership and economic mechanisms through intensification of all processes, increase of power-to—weight ratio of production, application of new techniques and materials, essentially new approaches to organization of work and actions of ships’ owners. As the practice shows, usually such transition is accompanied by numerous techncgenic catastrophes with human victims and severe moral and material losses both for community and environment. Dangerous situation formed up to now and connected with accidents, industrial injuries and ecological safety is explained both by constructional imperfection of obsolete equipment and equally lcw culture of safety, technological indiscipline and psychological mood of the people. These factors are not given due attention in the most scientific researches. Since 1991 in USSR, and then in Russia, the State technological program " Safety of the Popuiation and Economic Objects with Reference to Hazards of Natural and Technogenic Catastrophes" is being executed by the pooled efforts of leading research, design and educational institutions of the country. Within the framework of this program interesting data on methodology of examination and improvement of job and environmental safety based on general principles and new special scientific methods is accumulated. Nevertheless, a problem of prevention of emergency incidents remains to be unsolved up to now [1]. Risk of emergency incidents with negative ecological consequences is an inevitabie concomitant factor of industrial activity, and in particular of using freon and ammcniac refrigerating machineries. According to generally used terminology, the hazard is a degree of danger, defined by a combination of frequency (or probability) of undesirable events and significance of their impact [1; 2; 3 etc.]. In our opinion, the above _definition of hazard should not be taken as ‘final and it requires to be added with, at |east,by two points . 1. Risk of operating dangerous industrial objects is permissible, if its value is so inappreciable, that for the sake of benefit (profit) obtained the community is ready to run the hazard. According to this definition, in order to assess hazard, the latter should be compared to profit, which is supposedxto be received from a dangerous production activity. This will allow to define the well- grounded threshold between permissible and intolerable hazards. Meanwhile, not only a bound between permissible and intolerable hazard is of interest (which, by the way, can be given by directions in the normative documents), but, and in the greater degree, it is interesting to know how close subjects are to this threshold . 2. Identification of the dangers carried out with using statistical data on emergencies as connected with ship refrigerating machineries [4], shows that risk of operating refrigerators exists in the form of potentially possible emergencies. Therefore, hazards of such installations and most dangerous industrial enterprises should be estimated not by frequency but probability of occurrence of undesirable events (emergencies) and significance oftheir consequences. References Belov, P.G. 1996, Fundamental Theory of Engineering System of Safety.- M.: "Safety“,MlB STS. , 424 p. Henley, D., Kurnamoto, H 1984, Reliability of Engineering Systems and Estimation of Hazard ll Translation from English. - M.: Machine industry, 582 p. Gosgorte 1996, khnadzor of Russian Federation Methodicai Guides to Analysis of Hazard of Dangerous industrial Enterprises (Doc. 08-120-96). Approved by, Decree 29 of 12.07.96. ASTU 2000, Formal Estimation of Safety of Ship's Ammoniac Refrigerating Machines. The SRW report PC-38/200. - Astrakhan Kamovnikov, B.P., Babakin. B.s., Dunchenko, N.l. A 1996, Quantitative Assessment of Engineering Systems and the Level of Technologies. - M.: MSAABT, 70 p.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_3841_9ec4ee32cb235f5e3d4127d14419ed3c.pdf
2003-01-01
41
46
10.22124/cjes.2003.3841
B
Zhyltsov
1
Astrakhan State Technical University Astrakhan, Russia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ecological and Toxicological Conditions in the Delta Volga River
The decrease in the level of industrial production and the significant reduction of highly toxic substances used in the agriculture of the Volga region in the last decade did not maintain the expected decrease of pollution level in the Volga water. Concentration of many polluting substances in water continues to remain high. Among the numerous polluting substances in the Volga River two groups of highly toxic substances are significant: Its chlorine organic pesticides and the heavy metals having high stability and accumulative effect. The purpose of the research was to determine the most dangerous sources of pollution of a water ecosystem and the level of the Delta Volga River,as well as the ways of their migration and the amount of the toxic influence in the waters life. References Asatiianl V.S., 1956, Methods of biochemical researches. M.: Meddgiz, 467 P. Smiths, J1, Grishina IL 1977, The unified system of methods of allocation and quantitative definition of lipids of foodstuff. The food-processing industry, 68 P. Victorovich S. A., Girenko D. B., Ugnaak l. 1984,The unified methods of definition of pesticides-In book: Methods of definition of microquantities of pesticides. Medicine, pp. 125-129. Price V. 1976, Analytical atomic — absorptive spectroscopy. World, 297 P. Hrustalev J.P. 1978, Lawmodem a sediment accumulation in Northern Caspian Sea. Publishing house of the Rostov university. Rostov na Donu, 208 p. Andreev V. V., Jakubov S.A.. Kirillov V.N. 1990, Ecologgical-genetic monitoring of pollution of the Bottom Volga and Northem Caspian sea —DAN ASSR, V. 314 (2), pp. 505-508. Andreev V. V. 1991, Influence of the heavy metals contained in the Volga water on an epppithelium of gills and a liver. /I Environmmmental problems of wildlife: theses of reports of conferenc, pp. 81-82. Grushko J.M. 1986, Water organic connectons in industrial emissions in an atomosphere. Chemistry, 206 P. Andreev V. V, Jakubov S.A., Suvorova T.F. 1989, Ecological-genetic consequences of pollution of the water environment. ll Environmental problems of Volga-Saratov; SNIO USSR, 1989, P. 278-279.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_928_9c64f4746fdd6667193d165eb525f3cc.pdf
2003-01-01
84
86
V.V.
Andreev
1
Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan, Russia
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.V.
Shipulin
2
Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan, Russia
AUTHOR
N.N.
Fedorova
3
Astrakhan State Technical University, Astrakhan, Russia
AUTHOR