@article { author = {Yabanli, M. and Alparslan, Y. and Hasanhocaoglu Yapici, H. and Yapici, S. and Yozukmaz, A.}, title = {Determination of heavy metal content in commercial marine fish hunted From Southeast Aegean Sea (Turkey) and their potential risk for public health}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this study, heavy metals such as Al, Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb etc. content in liver, muscle and gill of three economical marine species [striped seabream (Lithognathus mormyrus Linneaus, 1758), two-band bream (Diplodus vulgaris Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817) and Common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus Linneaus, 1758)] obtained from 4 stations (Fethiye, Bodrum, Datça, Marmaris) in South Aegean coast were analyzed. After tissues were mineralized with wet-ashing, their heavy metal concentrations were measured with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to the findings, sediment samples had more heavy metals than water samples and none of heavy metal concentrations in the water samples exceeded national legal limits.  Furthermore it was reported that the accumulation of heavy metal in liver and gill was the highest whereas in muscle the proportion was the lowest. Results showed that the mean concentration of the studied heavy metals in muscle tissues did not pose a risk in terms of public health in comparison with the international standards.}, keywords = {Heavy metal,Marine,Striped seabream,Two-band Bream,Common pandora,Water,Sediment,Public health}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1729.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1729_d9e7544d9d9195040c103ba0b9baec77.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadpour, Gh. and Karbassi, A. and Baghvand, A.}, title = {Pollution intensity of nickel in agricultural soil of Hamedan region}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {15-24}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the recent years, agricultural soils have received more chemicals in various forms for higher yields. This may result in the accumulation of metals in soils which subsequently may be transferred into the agricultural crops. In the present investigation, nickel content of 58 composite soil samples and also agricultural crops, is studied. Ni in samples of soil and agricultural products were extracted and determined using atomic absorption spectrometer. The spatial distribution map of Ni was drawn using Kriging method. Mean concentration of nickel in the soil of the study area is about 62 mg.kg-1. It was also found that among the harvested crops, corn has a higher concentration of nickel than the standard limit. According to chemical fractionation results of nickel in soil, anthropogenic and natural shares of this metal are 19%, and 81% of the bulk concentration, respectively. Results of comparison of heavy metal pollution intensity in the agricultural soil by Igeo index as well as IPOLL index showed that Ni is in the non-polluted to moderately polluted class. Analysis of zoning map of pollution index showed that Ni is mainly of geological sources.}, keywords = {Soil,nickel,Environment,Pollution,Crops,Agriculture}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1730.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1730_2f3c9f22ade6eb59819e6575935120c8.pdf} } @article { author = {Johari, S.A. and Asghari, S. and Je Yu, Il}, title = {Toxicity of various silver nanoparticles compared to silver ions in the Ponto-Caspian amphipod Pontogammarus maeoticus (Sowinsky, 1894)}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {25-32}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {According to the increased probability of the presence of nanomaterials in the aquatic ecosystems, the present study examined the toxicity of three engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as well as silver ions in the Pontogammarus maeoticus, a brackish water benthic organism living in the littoral zone of the Caspian Sea. The animals were acutely exposed to different concentrations of two commercially prepared colloidal forms and a freshly prepared suspension of silver nanoparticles, plus AgNO3 during 48 hr. The number of mortalities was assessed and lethal concentration values ​​were calculated using the EPA Probit Analysis Program. According to median lethal concentrations (LC50), the order of sensitivity of this amphipod to tested silver compounds was as: previously prepared AgNPs colloids > freshly prepared AgNPs suspension > AgNO3. Also the signs of nanoparticle accumulation were evident between the pereopods and pleopods of this gammarid; this accumulation could be one of the reasons for the higher toxicity of silver nanoparticles in comparison with silver ions in P. maeoticus. More acute and chronic studies are needed to understand the various aspects of nano-silver toxicity on amphipods in different salinities.}, keywords = {Aquatic Nanotoxicology,Caspian Sea,Gammaridae,Silver Nanoparticles,Colloid}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1731.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1731_f1dd0cd5aa7b4259e3655a0fcfa98955.pdf} } @article { author = {Asadi, H. and Sattari, M. and Eagderi, S.}, title = {Habitat suitability index of Barbus cyri (Heckel, 1843) in Tootkabon River, the South Caspian Sea basin, Iran}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {33-42}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {Knowledge of habitat requirements of aquatic animals plays an important role in fisheries and protection programs of aquatic ecosystems. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the suitability indexes of habitat use and habitat suitability index (HSI) of Barbus cyri in its distribution range in Tootkabon River. A number of environmental variables, including elevation, water depth, river width, river slope, velocity, substrate type, and average diameter of bed stone, riparian vegetation type and the relative abundance of B. cyri at 13 stations and three replications from the downstream to upstream were examined during November 2013.  The results showed that B. cyri mostly selects upper stretches of the river with higher velocity, middle depth, lower width and bed rock substrate i.e. bed with boulder cover and grasslands and also its residential area is of riparian type compared with the available ranges. Habitat selectivity index for B. cyri showed that the elevation is 130-220 m, water depth 18-75 cm, channel width less than 12 m, channel slope 0.5-2.3%, water velocity less than 0.8 m.s-1, bed rock substrate, average diameter of bed stone larger 15-50cm. Presence of these conditions with HSI of 0.798 indicates that Tootkabon River is an excellent habitat for B. cyri.}, keywords = {Habitat selection,Suitability index,Barbus cyri,Tootkabon River}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1732.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1732_cc79cc88d9b1b20b2124735668c8748f.pdf} } @article { author = {Khoshbavar Rostami, H. and Soltani, M.}, title = {Effects of acute crude oil exposure on basic physiological functions of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {43-53}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {Hematological parameters are suitable biomarkers for evaluating the potential risk of the chemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate of acute crude oil exposure on basic physiological functions of Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus. 210 juvenile Persian sturgeon (9.4 ± 1g) were supplied by the Rajaei fish farm in Mazandaran Province, Iran.  Juveniles were exposed to the crude oil (15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 ppm). The 96h-LC50 were detected under static condition by SPSS software. Hematological and biochemical parameters were compared between control group and treatment exposed to 96h-LC50. The median lethal concentration was 16.5 ppm in 96 h toxicity test. WBC, RBC, Hb and MCHC decreased, while MCV, MCH and PCV were significantly higher in the treatment which exposed to LC50 concentration (P<0.01). Results of differential leukocyte count showed that after treatment with LC50 concentration, neutrophils and monocytes increased, while lymphocytes and eosinophils decreased (P<0.01). Biochemical parameters showed an increase in serum glucose (p<001). Other parameters including total protein, ALT, AST, ALP and LDH enzymes decreased in treatment group significantly (p<0.01). Our results provides evidences that crude oil may have disruptive action on the erythropoietic tissue which may be due to its influence on the viability of the cells. Crude oil also inhibited all of the enzymes activities leading to hyperglycemia due to stress inoculation.}, keywords = {Acute exposure,Biochemical parameters,Crude oil,Hematology,Persian Sturgeon}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1733.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1733_dd29d0d497fda308115b744a1690ade5.pdf} } @article { author = {Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. and Sudagar, M. and Bahmani, M. and Salamat, N. and Mazandrani, M. and Yazdani Sadati, M.A.}, title = {Primary culture of ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus to develop an in vitro system}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {55-68}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {The aim of the present study was to develop an in vitro system for functional investigation of ovarian follicular cells in Sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. Oocytes for the primary culture were obtained from the ovaries of a 6 years old Sterlet 729 g in weight and 47 cm in total length. The oocytes were in advanced vitellogenesis stage (PI >10). A part of the ovary (containing about 300 follicles) was  removed, ovarian follicles isolated by manually removing those from the interstitial tissue and washed with sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing antibiotics and Amphotericin B. Follicular cells were separated by treating oocytes with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA  in Ca2+ and Mg2+ free PBS and cultured in medium L-15 supplemented with 20% FBS, streptomycin sulphate (Gibco, 100 mg.ml-1), penicillin G potassium (Gibco, 100 IU.ml-1) and Amphotericin B (Gibco, 2.5 mg.ml-1) at 22 °C. The concentrations of Testosterone (T), Estradiol-17β (E2), Progesterone (P4) and 17α-hydroxyprogestron (17αOHP) in the medium were measured at days 3, 5 & 7 by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. According to the results, the ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet proliferated in L-15 medium were steroidogenically active as expressed by the secretion of T, E2, P4 & 17αOHP. Testosterone was the dominant hormone secreted by cultivated follicular cells, which was correlated closely with the end of vitellogenesis in the isolated oocytes. Decrease in production of these hormones was greater at days 3 & 4 in comparison with those at days 5 & 6. By successfully culturing ovarian follicular cells of Sterlet in L-15 culture medium, an in vitro system was developed which enables functional studies to be carried out similar to the in vivo situation in the ovarian follicles.}, keywords = {Sterlet,Acipenser ruthenus,Primary culture,Follicular cells,In vitro}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1734.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1734_96b8ad001379c9238e07105c7a9e291b.pdf} } @article { author = {Taghvaye Salimi, E. and Nohegar, A. and Malekian, A. and Hosseini, M. and Holisaz, A.}, title = {Runoff simulation using SWAT model and SUFI-2 algorithm (Case study: Shafaroud watershed, Guilan Province, Iran)}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {69-80}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {Reliable estimates of runoff are required as a part of the information sets that help watershed managers make informed decisions on water resources planning and management. This study was carried out in Shafaroud watershed located in the north of Iran. In order to achieve the best runoff simulation in the study area, first rainfall data of four stations during 1998 to 2011 were collected and combined with other maps of the study area, such as Digital Elevation Model (DEM), land use and soil as input data in the form ofSoil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) model. After running the model, the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI-2) algorithm in SWAT calibration and uncertainty program (SWAT-CUP) were used to evaluate the data uncertainty and the most accurate simulation. The first three years (1998-2000) of rainfall data for warm-up and the next 7 years (2001-2007) for the calibration and final 4 years (2008-2011) were used for the validation period. Finally, with multiple simulations, the uncertainty of the parameters was assessed with P-factor, R-factor,  and NS coefficients. The results of validation period ( =0.85, NS=0.74) confirmed the potential of SUFI-2 algorithm of SWAT-CUP program for simulating runoff data in the study area.}, keywords = {Shafaroud watershed,Simulation,SUFI-2,SWAT-CUP}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1735.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1735_e0f8e2c19cc78b1971a4f4e03b8dd826.pdf} } @article { author = {Mottaghi, A.}, title = {Environmental geopolitics of the Caspian basin energy interactions}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences}, volume = {14}, number = {1}, pages = {81-90}, year = {2016}, publisher = {University of Guilan}, issn = {1735-3033}, eissn = {1735-3866}, doi = {}, abstract = {Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the discovery of gas and oil in Central Asia and Caucasia, it faced complex interests in the international political economy. These problems were mainly rooted in developing plans of the countries for increasing their influence in the area and also in Russia's connections with the Iranian and Turkish governments in the region. This paper investigates the Caspian Sea oil resources and the related systems of oil transmission through a descriptive-analytical method. Moreover, it studies the role of these factors in regional interactions of the Caspian coastal states. Finally, it analyzes the environmental geopolitics of the Caspian Sea, in association with the oil pollutants and the policies of Islamic Republic of Iran. The results revealed that the new routes of oil transmission and interactional active role of all costal states in environment conservation may have a key role in the regional constructive interactions among the Caspian coastal states.}, keywords = {Caspian Sea,Oil resources,Regional interactions,Oil transmission routes,Environment geopolitics}, url = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1736.html}, eprint = {https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1736_3936b1252e5b7a1f7a63f58965f39187.pdf} }