ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Overview of Potential Ecotourism Resources and Their Prospects in Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttaranchal, India
Protected areas are major tourism assets for a nation, particularly for developing countries providing sustainable benefit to the local community while funding for the maintenance and rehabilitation of the protected areas themselves. Valley of flowers national park is naturally meant for the conservation and study of western Himalayan flora. It became National park in 1982 and after that livestock grazing ceased and restrictions were imposed on nearby villagers. The valley has an unusually rich flora of over 600 Himalayan species growing in an area of less than 2500 hectares with many rarities. Animals found are nationally rare or endangered. It is also a habitat of endangered Asiatic black beer, brown bear, Himalayan musk deer and snow leopard, blue sheep are rare. The common leopard is reported from lower parts of valley closer to the villages. Local people have also reported evidence of Himalayan brown bear. Other factors that are contributing to ecotourism are beautiful landscapes, peaks, lakes and tarns etc. Because of the heavy influx of tourists and improper management practices the problem of solid waste in increasing at an alarming rate. This paper is an overview of the present ecotourism resources of the area and their future prospects for sustainable ecotourism.
REFERENCES
Agrusa, J. and Guidry, J. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development of the Maya Rain Forest in Central America / First Pan-American Conference Proceedings.
Boo, E. (1990). Ecotourism: The Potentials and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund: Washington DC.
Cater, E. (1993). Ecotourism in the Third World: Problems for Sustainable Tourism Development. Tourism Management, 14: 107-115.
Himberg, N. (2006). Community-based Ecotourism as a Sustainable Development Option in the Taita Hills, Kenya. MSc. Dissertation. University of Helsinki.
Inskeep, E. (1991). Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York.
Lamba, B. (1987). Status survey report of fauna. Nanda Devi National Park. Records of the Zoological survey of India. Occasional Paper No. 103, 50 p.
Lavkumar, K. (1977). Report on the preliminary survey of the Nanda Devi basin. WWF-India, Bombay, 27 p.
Mogal, Z and Agrusa, J. (1997). The Potential to Develop the State of Mississippi into an Ecotourism Destination. Published proceedings "Graduate Education and Graduate Students Research in Hospitality and Tourism," pp.189-198.
Sherman, P.B and Dizon, J.A. (1991). "Nature Tourism: Determining if it pays." In T. Wheland (ed.), Ecotourism. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
Srivastava, S. (1999). Management plan for the valley of flowers national park. Wildlife Preservation Organization, Uttar Pradesh.
UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center (2005). Under World Heritage sites Nanda Devi and Valley of flowers national Parks, Uttaranchal India.
Ziegler, C.G. ; Lamatsch, D.K. ; Steinlein, C. ; Engel, W. ; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res. 11: 23-35.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1050_75788691a1be5441cdec38197450c8ef.pdf
2011-01-01
105
110
Ecotourism
Fauna
Flora
Glaciers
National Park
Solid Waste
Valley of Flowers
G.B.G.
Pananjay
1
Department of Natural Resource Management, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia.
AUTHOR
K.
Tiwari
2
Department of Tourism, Amity University, Noida, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
G.B.G.
Shashi
3
Department of Tourism, Amity University, Noida, India.
AUTHOR
Keyvan
Tiwari
4
Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, India
AUTHOR
S.C.
Tiwari
5
Department of Botany and Microbiology, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, India
AUTHOR
Agrusa, J. and Guidry, J. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development of the Maya Rain Forest in Central America / First Pan-American Conference Proceedings.
1
Boo, E. (1990). Ecotourism: The Potentials and Pitfalls. World Wildlife Fund: Washington, D.C. Cater, E. (1993). Ecotourism in the Third World: Problems for Sustainable Tourism Development. Tourism Management, pp. 14, 2, 107-115.
2
Himberg, N. (2006). Community-based Ecotourism as a Sustainable Development Option in the Taita Hills, Kenya. Master ́ s thesis. University of Helsinki Inskeep,
3
E. (1991). Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York.
4
Lamba, B. (1987). Status survey report of fauna. Nanda Devi National Park. Records of the Zoological survey of India. Occasional Paper No. 103. pp. 50.
5
Lavkumar, K. (1977). Report on the preliminary survey of the Nanda Devi basin. WWF-India, Bombay. pp. 27.
6
Mogal, Z and Agrusa, J. (1997). The Potential to Develop the State of Mississippi into an Ecotourism Destination. Published proceedings "Graduate Education and Graduate Students Research in Hospitality and Tourism," pp.189-198.
7
Sherman, P.B and Dizon, J.A. (1991). "Nature Tourism: Determining if it pays." In T. Wheland (ed.), Ecotourism. Covelo, CA: Island Press.
8
Srivastava, S. (1999). Management plan for the valley of flowers national park. Wildlife Preservation Organization, Uttar Pradesh. UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Center (2005). Under World Heritage sites Nanda Devi and Valley of flowers national Parks, Uttaranchal India.
9
Ziegler, C.G. ; Lamatsch, D.K. ; Steinlein, C. ; Engel, W. ; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res. 11: 23-35.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Object-Based Classification of UltraCamD Imagery for Identification of Tree Species in the Mixed Planted Forest
This study is a contribution to assess the high resolution digital aerial imagery for semi-automatic analysis of tree species identification. To maximize the benefit of such data, the object-based classification was conducted in a mixed forest plantation. Two subsets of an UltraCam D image were geometrically corrected using aero-triangulation method. Some appropriate transformations were performed and utilized. Segmentation was conducted stepwise at two levels and a hierarchical image object network was constructed. The classification hierarchy was developed and Nearest Neighbor classifier, using integration of different features was performed. Training samples and ground truth map were prepared through fieldwork. Accuracy assessment of the resulting maps in comparison with reference data showed overall accuracies and Kappa Index of Agreement of 90.2%, 0.82 (Area1) and 69.8%, 0.49 (Area2), respectively. Transformed images were advantageous to improve the results. The lower accuracy in Area2 can be attributed to high diversity and heterogeneous mixture of species. More detailed and accurate mapping of tree species would be fulfilled applying precise 3D data. The accuracy of detailed vegetation classification with very high-resolution imagery is highly dependent on the segmentation quality, sample size, sampling quality, classification framework and ground vegetation distribution and mixture.
REFERENCES
Baltsavias, E. Eisenbeiss, H. Akca, D. Waser, L.T. Kuckler, M. Ginzler, C. and Thee, P. (2007) Modeling fractional shrub/tree cover and multitemporal changes using high-resolution digital surface model and CIR-aerial images, URL: http://www.photogrammetry.ethz.ch / general/persons/devrim-pub1.html
Baatz, M. and Schape, A. (1999) Objectoriented and multi-scale image analysis in semantic network, Proc. Of 2nd Int. Symposium on operalization of remote sensing, August 16-20,
Ensched, ITC. Benz, U.C. Hoffmann, P. Willhauck, G. Lingenfelder, I. and Heynen, M. (2004) Multi-resolution Object-oriented Fuzzy analysis of Remote Sensing Data for GIS-ready Information. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 58: 239-258.
Bohlin, J. Olsson, H. Olofsson, K. and Wallerman, J. (2007) Tree species discrimination by aid of template matching applied to digital air photos, URL: http://www.rali.boku.ac.at/ fileadmin/-/H857- VFL/workshops/3drsforestry/ presentations/7.4- Olsson.pdf
Chang, A. Kim, J.O. Ryu, K. and Kim, Y. (2008) Comparison of methods to estimate individual tree attributes using color aerial photographs and LiDAR data, WSEAS Transactions on Signal Processing, 4(1): 21-27.
Congalton, R.G. (1991) A review of assessing the accuracy of classification of remotely sensed data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 37: 35-46.
Definiens (2006) Definiens Professional 5 User Guide, Definiens AG, München, Germany, URL: http//:www.definiens.com.
Delaplacea, K.L.W. Van Coillie F.M.B. De Wulf R.R. Gabriels D. De Smet K. Ouessar M. Ouled Belgacem A. and Houcine T. (2010) Object-based assessment of tree attributes of Acacia tortilis in Bou-Hedma, Tunisia, Proc. of GEOBIA 2010, Ghent, Belgium, URL: http://www.geobia.ugent.be.
Farzaneh, A. (2004) Landcover mapping employing fusion of remotely sensed high-spatial resolution pan and medium-spatial resolution multispectral images in the region of SariIran, PhD Dissertation, Vienna, Austria.
Gong, P. and Howarth, P.J. (1989) Performance analyses of probabilistic relaxation methods for land cover classification, Remote Sensing of Environment, 30: 33-42.
Gong, P. Marceau, D.J. and Howarth, P.J. (1992) A comparison of spatial featureextraction algorithms for land-use classification with SPOT HRV data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 40: 137-151.
Hill, R.A. and Foody, G.M. (1994) Separability of tropical rain forest types in the Tombopata-Candamo reserved zone, Peru, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 15: 2687-2693.
Hirschmugl, M. Ofner, M. Raggam, J. and Schardt, M. (2007) Single tree detection in very high resolution remote sensing data, URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com
Hodgson, M.E. (1998) What size window for image classification? Cognitive perspective, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 64: 797-807.
Hoover, A. (1996) An experimental comparison range image segmentation algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 18: 673-689.
Levine, M.D. and Nazif, A.M. (1985) Dynamic measurement of computer generated image segmentation, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 7: 570-585.
Lillesand, T. and Kiefer, R. (2000) Remote sensing and image interpretation, New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Loecherbach T. and Thurgood, J.D. (2008) Practical experiences in Photogammetric Production with Digital Frame Camera Imagery, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing, pp. 1865- 1870.
Millette, T.L. and Hayward, C.D. (2004) Detailed forest stand metrics taken from AIMS-1sensor data, URL: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/dept/ea rth/facilities/Millette-b.pdf
Naesset, E. and Gobakken, T. (2005) Estimating forest growth using canopy metrics derived from airborn laser scanner data, Remote sensing of environment, 96: 453-465.
Neumann, K. (2005) New technology–new possibilities of digital mapping cameras, ASPRS annual conferences, Baltimore, Maryland, 7-11 March.
Ozdemir, I. Norton, D. Ozkan, U.Y. Mert, A. and Senturk, O. (2008) Estimation of tree size diversity using object– oriented texture analysis and ASTER imagery, sensors, 8:4709-4724, URL: http://www.mdpi.org/sensors
Rafieyan, O. Darvishsefat, A.A. Babaii, S. (2009) Evaluation of object-based classification method in forest applications using UltraCamD imagery (Case study: Northern forest of Iran), Proc. of 3rd National Forest Conference, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
Schiewe, J. (2002) Segmentation of highresolution remotely sensed data, concepts, application and problems, Symposium on geospatial theory, processing and applications, Ottawa, Canada.
Shackelford, A.K. and Davis, C.H. (2003) A hierarchical fuzzy classification approach for high-resolution multispectral data over urban areas, IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41: 1920-1932.
Shataee S. Kellenberger, T. and Darvishsefat, A.A. (2004) Forest types classification using ETM+ data in the North of Iran/comparison of objectoriented with pixel-based classification techniques, XXth ISPRS Congress, Istanbul, Turkey.
Sohrabi, H. (2009) Visual and digital interpretation of UltraCamD in forest inventory, PhD thesis, Natural resources faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Nur, Iran.
Voss, M. and Sugumaran, R. (2008) Seasonal effect on tree species classification in an urban environment using hyper-spectral data, LiDAR, and an object-oriented approach, Sensors, 8: 3020-3036.
Wang, Z. Boesch, R. and Ginzler, C. (2008) Integration of high resolution aerial images and airborne LiDAR data for forest delineation, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing, China.
Yu, Q. Gong, P. Clinton, N. Biging, G. Kelly, M. and Schirokauer, D. (2006) Object-based detailed vegetation classification with airborne high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 72: 799-811
Zhang, Y. (1996) A survey on evaluation methods for image segmentation, Pattern Recognition, 29: 1334-1346.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1051_10c7c9c606e9112422d35963ff1d2fc6.pdf
2011-01-01
67
79
Tree species identification
Object
based classification
Class hierarchy
Image object hierarchy
UltraCamD
O.
Rafieyan
1
Dept. of Forestry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
AA
Darvishsefat
2
Dept. of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Babaii
3
Dept. of Forestry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Mataji
4
Dept. of Forestry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. * Corresponding author’s E-mail: o_rafieyan@iaut.ac.ir
AUTHOR
Baltsavias, E. Eisenbeiss, H. Akca, D. Waser, L.T. Kuckler, M. Ginzler, C. and Thee, P. (2007) Modeling fractional shrub/tree cover and multi-temporal changes using high-
1
Rafieyan et al., 77 resolution digital surface model and CIR-aerial images, URL: http://www.photogrammetry.ethz.ch/ general/persons/devrim-pub1.html
2
Baatz, M. and Schape, A. (1999) Object-oriented and multi-scale image analysis in semantic network, Proc. Of 2nd Int. Symposium on operalization of remote sensing, August 16-20, Ensched, ITC.
3
Benz, U.C. Hoffmann, P. Willhauck, G. Lingenfelder, I. and Heynen, M. (2004) Multi-resolution Object-oriented Fuzzy analysis of Remote Sensing Data for GIS-ready Information. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 58: 239-258.
4
Bohlin, J. Olsson, H. Olofsson, K. and Wallerman, J. (2007) Tree species discrimination by aid of template matching applied to digital air photos, URL: http://www.rali.boku.ac.at/ fileadmin/-/H857-VFL/workshops/3drsforestry/ presentations/7.4- Olsson.pdf
5
Chang, A. Kim, J.O. Ryu, K. and Kim, Y. (2008) Comparison of methods to estimate individual tree attributes using color aerial photographs and LiDAR data, WSEAS Transactions on Signal Processing, 4(1): 21-27.
6
Congalton, R.G. (1991) A review of assessing the accuracy of classification of remotely sensed data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 37: 35-46.
7
Definiens (2006) Definiens Professional 5 User Guide, Definiens AG, München, Germany, URL: http//:www.definiens.com.
8
Delaplacea, K.L.W. Van Coillie F.M.B. De Wulf R.R. Gabriels D. De Smet K. Ouessar M. Ouled Belgacem A. and Houcine T. (2010) Object-based assessment of tree attributes of Acacia tortilis in Bou-Hedma, Tunisia, Proc. of GEOBIA 2010, Ghent, Belgium, URL: http://www.geobia.ugent.be.
9
Farzaneh, A. (2004) Landcover mapping employing fusion of remotely sensed high-spatial resolution pan and medium-spatial resolution multi-spectral images in the region of Sari-Iran, PhD. dissertation, Vienna, Austria.
10
Gong, P. and Howarth, P.J. (1989) Performance analyses of probabilistic relaxation methods for land cover classification, Remote Sensing of Environment, 30(1): 33-42.
11
Gong, P. Marceau, D.J. and Howarth, P.J. (1992) A comparison of spatial feature-extraction algorithms for land-use classification with SPOT HRV data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 40(2): 137-151.
12
Hill, R.A. and Foody, G.M. (1994) Separability of tropical rain forest types in the Tombopata-Candamo reserved zone, Peru, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 15(13): 2687-2693.
13
Hirschmugl, M. Ofner, M. Raggam, J. and Schardt, M. (2007) Single tree detection in very high resolution remote sensing data, URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com Hodgson, M.E. (1998) What size window for image classification? Cognitive perspective, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 64(8): 797-807.
14
Hoover, A. (1996) An experimental comparison range image segmentation algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 18(7): 673-689.
15
Levine, M.D. and Nazif, A.M. (1985) Dynamic measurement of computer generated image segmentation, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 7(5): 570-585.
16
Lillesand, T. and Kiefer, R. (2000) Remote sensing and image interpretation, New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
17
Loecherbach T. and Thurgood, J.D. (2008) Practical experiences in Photogammetric Production with Digital Frame Camera Imagery, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B4. Beijing, pp. 1865-1870.
18
Millette, T.L. and Hayward, C.D. (2004) Detailed forest stand metrics taken from AIMS-1sensor data, URL: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/dept/earth/facilities/Millette-b.pdf
19
Naesset, E. and Gobakken, T. (2005) Estimating forest growth using canopy metrics derived from airborn laser Object-Based Classification of UltraCamD Imagery78 scanner data, Remote sensing of environment, 96(3-4): 453-465.
20
Neumann, K. (2005) New technology–new possibilities of digital mapping cameras, ASPRS annual conferences, Baltimore, Maryland, 7-11March.
21
Ozdemir, I. Norton, D. Ozkan, U.Y. Mert, A. and Senturk, O. (2008) Estimation of tree size diversity using object–oriented texture analysis and ASTER imagery, sensors, 8:4709-4724, URL: http://www.mdpi.org/sensors
22
Rafieyan, O. Darvishsefat, A.A. Babaii, S. (2009) Evaluation of object-based classification method in forest applications using UltraCamD imagery (Case study: Northern forest of Iran), Proc. of 3rd National Forest Conference, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
23
Schiewe, J. (2002) Segmentation of high-resolution remotely sensed data, concepts, application and problems, Symposium on geospatial theory, processing and applications, Ottawa, Canada.
24
Shackelford, A.K. and Davis, C.H. (2003) A hierarchical fuzzy classification approach for high-resolution multi-spectral data over urban areas, IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41(9): 1920-1932.
25
Shataee S. Kellenberger, T. and Darvishsefat, A.A. (2004) Forest types classification using ETM+ data in the North of Iran/comparison of object-oriented with pixel-based classification techniques, XXth ISPRS Congress, Istanbul, Turkey.
26
Sohrabi, H. (2009) Visual and digital interpretation of UltraCamD in forest inventory, PhD thesis, Natural resources faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Nur, Iran.
27
Voss, M. and Sugumaran, R. (2008) Seasonal effect on tree species classification in an urban environment using hyper-spectral data, LiDAR, and an object-oriented approach, Sensors, (8): 3020-3036.
28
Wang, Z. Boesch, R. and Ginzler, C. (2008) Integration of high resolution aerial images and airborne LiDAR data for forest delineation, The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII. Part B7. Beijing, China.
29
Yu, Q. Gong, P. Clinton, N. Biging, G. Kelly, M. and Schirokauer, D. (2006) Object-based detailed vegetation classification with airborne high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 72(7): 799-811
30
Zhang, Y. (1996) A survey on evaluation methods for image segmentation, Pattern Recognition, 29(8): 1334-1346.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Patterns of flow evolution in the central area of the Romanian Plain, Case study: the Calnistea Catchment (Romania)
This paper seeks to emphasize the flow variability in the Calnistea catchment by analyzing the local physiographic factors. The research has shown that the amount of precipitation that falls to the ground is low, the rocks in the region are soft, but highly permeable, gradients are gentle in most of the territory and vegetal cover is sparse and therefore cannot hold important amounts of water. Under the circumstances, the flow is controlled especially by precipitation, gradient and rock permeability, which largely explains the rather low values of the drainage density, as well as the frequency with which the rivers dry up completely. The moisture deficit of the summer season is compensated to a certain extent by the existence of a chain of ponds along the main streams. The situation could further be improved if local authorities will find the necessary financial means in order to excavate artificial channels to bring water from the neighboring catchments. Although the flow values are generally low, under exceptional synoptic conditions the heavy rainfalls can lead to the formation of flash floods that can damage settlements, transportation routes and crops. Consequently, it is necessary to build protection levees in the lowlands and to regulate the stream flow.
REFERENCES
Cocos, A. (2006) Analiza scurgerii medii lichide in bazinul hidrografic al raului Calnistea, Comunicari de Geografie, vol X, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, pp. 267-272.
Cocos, A. and Cocos, O. (2005) Particularităţile reţelei de văi din bazinul hidrografic al râului Câlniştea, Comunicări de geografie, vol. IX, Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, pp. 311-316.
Cocos, A. and Cocos, O. (2007) Cartographic Analysis of the Relief in the Câlniştea Catchment, Analele Universităţii de Vest din Timişoara, Geografie, 15: 27- 40.
Cocos, A. and Cocos, O. (2010) Romanian agriculture in the post-communist era, The Pennsylvania Geographer, 48: 55-63.
Demeter, T. (1999) Valea Argesului – sectorul mijlociu si inferior. Studiu pedoclimatic, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti
Drobot, R. (1997) Bazele statistice ale hidrologiei, Editura Didactică şi Pedagogică, Bucureşti
Grecu, F., Zaharia, L., Ghita, C., and Vacaru, L. (2010) The Dynamic Factors of Hydrogeomorphic Vulnerability in the Central Sector of the Romanian Plain, Metalurgia International, Special Issue No. 9, Editura Stiintifica, Bucuresti.
Ionesi, L. (1994) Geologia unitatilor de platforma si a orogenului nord Dobrogean, Editura Tehnica, Bucuresti
Mallows, C. (1998) The zeroth problem, American Statistician, 52: 1-9
Pisota, I. (2000) Cateva observatii hidrologice asupra raurilor din Campia Romana, Comunicari de Geografie, Vol. 4, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, pp. 221-230.
Pisota, I. and Cocoş, O. (2003) Unele observaţii hidrologice referitoare la bazinul râului Neajlov, Comunicări de Geografie, vol. VII, Bucureşti, pp. 183- 188.
Pisota, I. and Moisiu, C. (1975) Cateva observatii asupra fenomenului secarii apelor pe unele rauri din Campia Romana, Realizari in Geografia Romaniei, Bucuresti.
Rao, A.R. and Srinivas, V.V. (2008) Regionalization of Watersheds: An Approach based on cluster analysis, Series Water Science and Technology Library, Springer Publishers.
Rogerson, P.A. (2006) Statistical Methods for Geography: A Student Guide, Sage, London, UK.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1052_bc01ff1048c1d9cb11a43918a01229df.pdf
2011-01-01
81
95
Calnistea catchment
precipitation
Streams
Flow
Discharge
A.
Cocos
1
Hyperion College, Bucharest, Romania
AUTHOR
O.
Cocos*
2
Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
AUTHOR
I.
Sarbu
3
Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania. * Corresponding author’s E-mail: octaviancocos@yahoo.com
AUTHOR
Cocos, A. (2006) Analiza scurgerii medii lichide in bazinul hidrografic al raului Calnistea, Comunicari de Geografie, vol X, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, pp. 267-272.
1
Cocos, A. and Cocos, O. (2005) Particularităţile reţelei de văi din bazinul hidrografic al râului Câlniştea, Comunicări de geografie, vol. IX, Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, pp. 311-316.
2
Cocos, A. and Cocos, O. (2007) Cartographic Analysis of the Relief in the Câlniştea Catchment, Analele Universităţii de Vest din Timişoara, Geografie, vol XV, pp. 27- 40. Cocos, A. and Cocos, O. (2010) Romanian agriculture in the post-communist era, The Pennsylvania Geographer, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 55-63.
3
Demeter, T. (1999) Valea Argesului – sectorul mijlociu si inferior. Studiu pedoclimatic, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti Drobot, R. (1997) Bazele statistice ale hidrologiei,
4
Editura Didacticăşi Pedagogică, Bucureşti Grecu, F., Zaharia, L., Ghita, C., and Vacaru, L. (2010) The Dynamic Factors of Hydrogeomorphic Vulnerability in the Central Sector of the Romanian Plain, Metalurgia International, special Issue no. 9,
5
Editura Stiintifica, Bucuresti. Ionesi, L. (1994) Geologia unitatilor de platforma si a orogenului nord Dobrogean, Editura Tehnica, Bucuresti Mallows, C. (1998) The zeroth problem, American statistician 52, I: pp. 1-9 Pisota,
6
I. (2000) Cateva observatii hidrologice asupra raurilor din Campia Romana, Comunicari de Geografie, vol. IV, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, pp. 221-230.
7
Pisota, I. and Cocoş, O. (2003) Unele observaţii hidrologice referitoare la bazinul râului Neajlov, Comunicări de Geografie, vol. VII, Bucureşti, pp. 183-188.
8
Pisota, I. and Moisiu, C. (1975) Cateva observatii asupra fenomenului secarii apelor pe unele rauri din Campia Romana, Realizari in Geografia Romaniei, Bucuresti. Rao, A.R. and Srinivas, V.V. (2008) Regionalization of Watersheds: An Approach based on cluster analysis, Series Water Science and TechnologyLibrary, Springer Publishers Rogerson,
9
P.A. (2006) Statistical Methods for Geography: A Student Guide, Sage, London, UK
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of age on reproductive performance in female Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspious, Kessler 1877)
Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) is one of the economically valuable species in the Caspian Sea. Artificial propagation and production of larvae are the main problems in the early culture of this species. The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of reproductive performance of female broods on opposition reproduction efficiency in Caspian brown trout in the breeding season of 2009. Three groups of female broods (4, 5 and 6 years old) were fertilized with 9 male fish individually. The results showed that, 6 year old females have maximum body weight (2150.0 ± 86.6 g), total length (59?2 cm), eggs weight (255.0 ? 30.51 g), egg size (5.37 ? 0.058 mm) and absolute fecundity rate (3060 ± 366.15), while highest average number of ovules in each gram of body weight (16.33 ± 0.58) and relative fecundity (2.08 ± 0.12) belonged to 4 years old females. There were significant differences in mean fertilization rate and survival rate until absorption of yolk sack stage (p<0.05) among the treatments studied. The present study showed that the eggs produced from fertilization of 6 year old female eggs and male mixed milt showed maximum average fertilization percentage (97.5 %), survival rate until eyed stage (92%), hatching percentage (93%), and survival rate until absorption of yolk sack (94.5%).
REFERENCES
Aas, G.H., Refstie, T., Gjerde, B. (1991) Evaluation of milt quality of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 95: 125-132.
Alp, A., Kara, C., Bueyuekcapar, H.M. (2003) Reproductive biology of brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Dumeril 1858) in a tributary of the Ceyhan River Which flows into the eastern Mediterranian Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. / Z. Angew. Ichthyol. Vol. 19, no.6, pp. 346-351.
Bagenal, T.B. (1969) The relationship between food supply and fecundity in brown trout Salmo trutta L. J. Fish Biol. 1: 167-182.
Baum, E.T., Meister, A.L. (1971) Fecundity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two Maine rivers. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28: 764-767.
Beacham, T.D., Murray, C.B. (1985) Effect of female size, egg size, and water temperature on developmental biology of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Nitinat River , British Columbia. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 42: 1755-1765.
Belding, D.L. (1940) The number of eggs and pyloric appendages as criteria of river varieties of the Atlantic salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 67: 285-289.
Billard, R. and Gillet, c. (1981) Aging of eggs and temperature potentialization of micropollutant effecs of the aquatic medium on trout gamets. Cah. Lab. Hydrobiol. Montreau, 12: 35-42.
Blaxter, J.H.S., Hempel, G. (1963) The influence of egg size on herring larvae (Cluplea harengus). J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 28, 211-240.
Bozkurt, Y., Seçer, S., Bejcan, S. (2006) Relationship between spermatozoa motility, egg size, fecundity and fertilization success in Salmo trutta abanticus. Tarim bilimleri dergisi, 12: 345-348.
Brannas, E., Brannas, K., Eriksson, L. O. (1985) Egg characteristics and hatchery survival in a Baltic salmon, Salmo salar L., population. Rept. Inst. Freshw. Res.
Drottning holm 62: 5-11. Bromage, N.R., Cumaranataunga, R. (1988) Egg production in the rainbow trout, In Recent advances in Aquaculture, Vol: 3., Muir, J.F, R.J., Robert, (Eds.), pp: 63-139.
Erkinaro, J., Dempson, J.B., Julkunen, M., Niemela, E. (1997) Importance of ontogenetic habitat shifts to juvenile output and life history of Atlantic salmon in a large subarctic river: an approach based on analysis of scale characteristics. J. Fish Biol. 51: 1174-1185.
Eskelinen, U., Ruohonen, K. (1989) Reproduction parameters of hatcheryreared Atlantic salmon broodstocks and a model to optimize the rearing cycle. In: De Pauw N., Jaspers. E., Ackefors. H. and N. Wilkins (eds.), Aquaculture a biotechnology in progress, European Aquaculture Society, Brendene, Belgium, pp. 507-516.
Fowler, L.G. (1972) Growth and mortality of fingerling Chinook salmon as affected by egg size. Prog. Fish-cult. 34: 66-69.
Gall, G.A.E. (1974) Influence of size of eggs and age of female on hatchability and growth in rainbow trout. Calif. Fish Game. Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 26-35.
Gisbert, E., Williot, P., Castello Orvay, F. (1999) Influence of egg size on growth and survival of early stages of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) under small scale hatchery conditions. Aquaculture, 183: 83-94.
Heinimaa, S., Heinimaa, P. (2004) Effect of the female size on egg quality and fecundity of the wild Atlantic salmon in the sub- arctic River Teno. Boreal Environment Research, 9: 55-62.
kayam, S. (2004) The Effect of Mating Different Age Groups of Broodstocks on the Reproductive Performance, Sex Ratio, Growth and Survival Rate of Rainbow Trout. J. Freshwat. Ecol. Vol. 19, No.4, pp. 695-699.
Kazakov, R.V. (1981) The effect of the size of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., eggs on embryos and alevins. J. Fish Biol. 19: 353-360.
Kjorsvik, E., Mangor-Jensen, A., Holmetjord, I. (1990) Egg quality in fishes. In: Blaxter, J.H.S., Southward, A.J.(Eds.), Adv. Mar. Biol., 26:71-113.
Kunin, M.A., Markevich, N.B. (1978) On the quality of eggs of pink salmon acclimatized in the basins of the Barents and White Seas. Problems of fish physiology., Voprosy fiziologii ryb., Publ. by: VNIRO; Moscow (USSR)., pp. 85-94.
Lahnsteiner, F., Weismann, T., Patzner, R.A. (1999) Physiological and biochemical parameters for egg quality determination in lake trout Salmo trutta lacustris. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 20: 375- 388.
Lahnsteiner, F. (2000) Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters characterizing the overripening of rainbow trout eggs, fish physiology and biochemistry. 23: 107- 118.
Lobon-Cervia, J., Utrilla, C.G., Rincon, P.A., Amezcua, F. (1997) Environmentally induced spatio-temporal variations in the fecundity of brown trout Salmo trutta L.: tradeoffs between egg size and number. Freshwater Biology. 38: 277-288.
Marteinsdottir, G., Steinarsson, A. (1998) Maternal influence on the size and viability of Iceland cod Gadus morhua eggs and larvae. J. Fish Biol. 52, 1241- 1258.
Mojazi, A.B., Bahrekazemi, M., Pousti, I., Vilaki, A. S. (2005) A histological study on the development of the digestive tract of Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius (Kessleri), from hatching to Parr stage. I.F.R.O., 5: 63-84.
Morita, K., Yamamoto, S., Takashima, Y., Matsuishi, T., Kanno, Y., Nishimura, K. (1999) Effect of maternal growth history on egg number and size in wild whitespotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 1585-1589.
Ojanguren, A.F., Reyes-Gavilan, F.G., Brana, F. (1996) Effects of egg size on offspring development and fitness in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Aquaculture. 147: 9-20.
Olofsson, H. and Mosegaard, H. (1999) Larger eggs in resident brown trout living in sympatry with anadromus brown trout. Ecol. Freshwater Fish. 8: 59- 64.
Pitman, R. W. (1979) Effects of female age and egg size on growth and mortality in rainbow trout. Prog. Fish-cult. 41: 202-204.
Quinn, T.P., Bloomberg, S. (1992) Fecundity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Waitaki and Rakaia Rivers, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwat. Res., 26: 429-434.
Shamspour, S., Nezami, Sh.A., Khara, H., Golshahi, H. (2009) Effect of age on reproductive performance in female Rainbow trout broods (Onchorhynchus mykiss Walbaum.1972). J. Science Biology. 2: 73-81.
Springate, J.R.C., Bromage, N.R. (1985) Effects of egg size on early growth and Survival in rainbow trout (Salmo garidneri Richardson). Aquaculture. 47, 163-172.
Springate, J.R.C., Bromage, N.R., Cumaranatunga, P.R.T. (1985) the effects of different ration on fecundity and egg quality in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Nutrition and Feeding in Fish. pp. 371-393.
Springate, J.R.C. (1990) Egg quality and fecundity in rainbow trout: The determining factors and mechanisms of control. (DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - SCI. & ENG.), Vol. 51, No. 4, 265 p.
Thorpe, J.E., Miles, M.S., Keay, D.S. (1984) Developmental rate, fecundity and egg size in Atlantic salmon, (Salmo salar L.) Aquaculture, 43: 289-305.
Wallace, J.C., Asjord, D. (1984) An investigation of the consequences of the egg size for the culture of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). J. Fish Biol., 24, 427- 435.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1053_2802bba9a02f428940fa0d8ee262aa3f.pdf
2011-01-01
97
103
Age
Artificial propagation
Caspian brown trout
Female broods
Iran
M.
Rahbar
1
Dept. of Fisheries Sciences, Natural Resources Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Lahijan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sh.
Nezami
2
Dept. of Fisheries Sciences, Natural Resources Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Lahijan, Iran.
AUTHOR
H.
Khara
3
Dept. of Fisheries Sciences, Natural Resources Faculty, Islamic Azad University of Lahijan, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Rezvani
4
Restocking of Salmonids, Centre of Shahid Bahonar, Kelardasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Eslami
5
Young Researcher Club, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, P. O. Box: 1616, Iran. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: Mina.rahbar1363@gmail.com
AUTHOR
Aas, G.H., Refstie, T., Gjerde, B. (1991) Evaluation of milt quality of Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture, 95: 125-132.
1
Alp, A., Kara, C., Bueyuekcapar, H.M. (2003) Reproductive biology of brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma, Dumeril 1858) in a tributary of the Ceyhan River Which flows into the eastern Mediterranian Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. / Z. Angew. Ichthyol. Vol. 19, no.6,pp.346-351.
2
Bagenal, T.B. (1969) The relationship between food supply and fecundity in brown trout Salmo trutta L. J. Fish Biol. 1: 167-182.
3
Baum, E.T., Meister, A.L. (1971) Fecundity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from two Maine rivers. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28: 764-767.
4
Beacham, T.D., Murray, C.B. (1985) Effect of female size, egg size, and water temperature on developmental biology of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Nitinat River , British Columbia. Can.J.Fish.Aquat. Sci. 42: 1755-1765.
5
Belding, D.L. (1940) The number of eggs and pyloric appendages as criteria of river varieties of the Atlantic salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 67: 285-289.
6
Billard, R. and Gillet, c. (1981) Aging of eggs and temperature potentialization of micropollutant effecs of the aquatic medium on trout gamets. Cah. Lab. Hydrobiol. Montreau,12 : 35-42.
7
Blaxter, J.H.S., Hempel, G. (1963) The influence of egg size on herring larvae (Cluplea harengus). J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 28, 211-240.
8
Bozkurt, Y., Seçer, S., Bejcan, S. (2006) Relationship between spermatozoa motility , egg size, fecundity and fertilization success in Salmo trutta abanticus. Tarim bilimleri dergisi,12: (4). 345-348.
9
Brannas, E., Brannas, K., Eriksson, L. O. (1985) Egg characteristics and hatchery survival in a Baltic salmon, Salmo salarL., population. Rept. Inst. Freshw. Res . Drottning holm 62: 5-11.
10
Bromage, N.R., Cumaranataunga, R. (1988) Egg production in the rainbow trout, In Recent advances in Aquaculture, vol: 3., Muir, J.F, R.J., Robert, Eds, pp: 63-139.
11
Erkinaro, J., Dempson, J.B., Julkunen, M., Niemela, E. (1997) Importance of ontogenetic habitat shifts to juvenile output and life history of Atlantic salmon in a large subarctic river: an approach based on analysis of scale characteristics. J. Fish Biol. 51: 1174-1185.
12
Eskelinen, U., Ruohonen, K. (1989) Reproduction parameters of hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon broodstocks and a model to optimize the rearing cycle. In: De Pauw N., Jaspers. E., Ackefors. H. and N. Wilkins (eds), Aquaculture a biotechnology in progress, European Aquaculture Society, Brendene, Belgium, pp.507-516.
13
Fowler, L.G. (1972) Growth and mortality of fingerling Chinook salmon as affected by egg size. Prog. Fish-cult. 34: 66-69.
14
Gall, G.A.E. (1974) Influence of size of eggs and age of female on hatchability and growth in rainbow trout. Calif. Fish Game .Vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 26-35.
15
Gisbert, E., Williot, P., Castello Orvay, F. (1999) Influence of egg size on growth and survival of early stages of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) under small scale hatchery conditions. Aquaculture, 183: 83-94.
16
Heinimaa, S., Heinimaa, P. (2004) Effect of the female size on egg quality and fecundity of the wild Atlantic salmon in the sub- arctic River Teno. Boreal Effect of age on reproductive performance102Environment Research. 9: 55-62.
17
kayam, S. (2004) The Effect of Mating Different Age Groups of Broodstocks on the Reproductive Performance, Sex Ratio, Growth and Survival Rate of Rainbow Trout. J. Freshwat. Ecol. Vol. 19, no.4, pp.695-699.
18
Kazakov, R.V. (1981) The effect of the size of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., eggs on embryos and alevins. J. Fish Biol. 19: 353-360.
19
Kjorsvik, E., Mangor-Jensen, A., Holmetjord, I. (1990) Egg quality in fishes. In: Blaxter, J.H.S., Southward, A.J.(Eds.), Adv. Mar. Biol., 26:71-113.
20
Kunin, M.A., Markevich, N.B. (1978) On the quality of eggs of pink salmon acclimatized in the basins of the Barents and White Seas. Problems of fish physiology., Voprosy fiziologii ryb., Publ. by: VNIRO; Moscow (USSR)., p. 85-94.
21
Lahnsteiner, F., Weismann, T., Patzner, R.A. (1999) Physiological and biochemical parameters for egg quality determination in lake trout Salmo trutta lacustris. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 20: 375-388.
22
Lahnsteiner, F. (2000) Morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters characterizing the overripening of rainbow trout eggs, fish physiology and biochemistry. 23, pp. 107-118.
23
Lobon-Cervia, J., Utrilla, C.G., Rincon, P.A., Amezcua, F. (1997) Environmentally induced spatio-temporal variations in the fecundity of brown trout Salmo truttaL.: tradeoffs between egg size and number. Freshwater Biology. 38: 277-288.
24
Marteinsdottir, G., Steinarsson, A. (1998) Maternal influence on the size and viability of Iceland cod Gadus morhua eggs and larvae. J. Fish Biol. 52, 1241-1258.
25
Mojazi, A.B., Bahrekazemi, M., Pousti, I., Vilaki, A. S. (2005) A histological study on the development of the digestive tract of Caspian brown trout, Salmo trutta caspius (Kessleri), from hatching to Parr stage. I.F.R.O., 5: 63-84.
26
Morita, K., Yamamoto, S., Takashima, Y., Matsuishi, T., Kanno, Y., Nishimura, K. (1999) Effect of maternal growth history on egg number and size in wild white-spotted char (Salvelinus leucomaenis). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56: 1585-1589.
27
Ojanguren, A.F., Reyes-Gavilan, F.G., Brana, F. (1996) Effects of egg size on offspring development and fitness in brown trout, Salmo trutta L. Aquaculture. 147: 9-20.
28
Olofsson, H. and Mosegaard, H. (1999) Larger eggs in resident brown trout living in sympatry with anadromus brown trout. Ecol. Freshwater Fish. 8: 59-64.
29
Pitman, R. W. (1979) Effects of female age and egg size on growth and mortality in rainbow trout. Prog. Fish-cult. 41: 202-204.
30
Quinn, T.P., Bloomberg, S. (1992) Fecundity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Waitaki and Rakaia Rivers, New Zealand. N. Z. J. MAR. FRESHWAT. RES, vol. 26, NO. 3-4, PP. 429-434.
31
Shamspour, S., Nezami, Sh.A., Khara, H., Golshahi, H. (2009) Effect of age on reproductive performance in female Rainbow trout broods (Onchorhynchus mykiss Walbaum.1972). J. Science Biology.2 nd year. 2 nd issue, 73-81.
32
Springate, J.R.C., Bromage, N.R. (1985) Effects of egg size on early growth and Survival in rainbow trout (Salmo garidneri Richardson). Aquaculture. 47, 163-172.
33
Springate, J.R.C., Bromage, N.R., Cumaranatunga, P.R.T. (1985) the effects of different ration on fecundity and egg quality in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Nutrition and Feeding in Fish. pp. 371-393.
34
Springate, J.R.C. (1990) Egg quality and fecundity in rainbow trout: The determining factors and mechanisms of control. [DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - SCI. & ENG.], vol. 51, no. 4, 265 pp.
35
Thorpe, J.E., Miles, M.S., Keay, D.S. (1984) Developmental rate, fecundity and egg size in Atlantic salmon,(salmo salar L.)Aquaculture. 43: 289-305.
36
Wallace, J.C., Asjord, D. (1984) An investigation of the consequences of the egg size for the culture of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus). J. Fish Biol. 24, 427-435.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of gap size and development stages on the silvicultural characteristics of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) regeneration
We studied 11 gaps covered with beech saplings (< 1.30 m tall) in a reserve compartment (compartment 139, district one, Langa forest, watershed 36: Kazemrood) of the Caspian beech forest in N Iran. Two transects, each 2 m wide, were laid along the longest (N-S) and shortest (E-W) axis of each gap. Five micro sample plots, each 4 m2, were established: one at the center, and one at each corner. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of saplings with a diameter at breast height less than 7.5 cm were examined in the micro sample plots. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed using SPSS software for quantitative characteristics, and chi-square test for qualitative characteristics. Results indicated that medium-sized (200-500 m2) gaps promote the growth of oriental beech saplings of desirable silvicultural forms during decay and initial stages.
REFERENCES
Anonymous, (1998) Forestry plan of district one in Langa region, watershed number 36 (Kazemrood), Noshahr natural resources office, 450 p.
Chazdon, R.L. and Fetcher, N. (1984) Light environments of tropical forests. In “Physiological Ecology of Plants of the Wet Tropics” (E. Medina, H.A. Mooney, and C. Vasquez-Yanes, Eds.), pp. 27-36.
W. Junk, The Hague. Denslow, J.S. and Hartshorn, G.S. (1994) Tree-fall gap environments and forest dynamic processes. In “La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest” (L.A. McDade, K.S. Bawa, H.A. Hespenheide, and G.S. Hartshorn, Eds.), University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 120-127.
Emborg, J., Christensen, M. and Heilmannclusen, J. (2000) The structural dynamics of suserup skov, anear natural temperate decidous forest in Denmark. For. Ecol. Manage. 126, 173-189.
Huth, F. and Wagner, S. (2006) Gap structure and establishment of Silver birch regeneration (Betula pendula Roth.) in Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L. Karst.). For. Ecol. Manage. 229, 314–324.
Korpel, S. (1995) Die Urwaelder der Westkarpaten. Gustav Fischerrt, Verlag, Stuttgart, 310 p.
Lee, R. (1978) “Forest Microclimatology.” Columbia University Press, New York. Lawton, R.O. (1990) Canopy gaps and light penetration into a wind-exposed tropical lower montane rain forest. Can. J. For. Rese. 20, 659–667.
Lowman, M.D. and Rinker, H.B. (2004) Forest Canopy. Elsevier Academic Press. 517p.
Madsen, P. and Larsen, J.B. (1997) Natural regeneration of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) with respect to canopy density, soil moisture and soil carbon content. For. Ecol. Manage. 97, 103–113.
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R. (1975) The study of relation between morphological parameters of beech tree and site. Tehran University, J. Nat. Reso. Col. 32, 15-29.
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R. (1976) Study of beech forest qualitative characteristics in north of Iran. Tehran University, J. Nat. Reso. Col. 34, 77-96.
Naaf, T. and Wulf, M. (2007) Effects of gap size, light and herbivory on the herb layer vegetation in the European beech forest gaps. For. Ecol. Manage. 244, 141- 149.
Roloff, V.A., (1986) Morphologische Untersuchungen zum Wachstum und Verzweigungssystem der Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.). Mitt. Dtsch. Dendrol. Ges. 76, 5-47.
Rubin, B.D., Manion, P.D., FaberLangendoen, D. (2006) Diameter distributions and structural sustainability in forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 222, 427- 438.
Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. (1996) Quantitative and qualitative Merkmale von Buchen– jungwuechsen (Fagus sylvatica L.) unter dem Einfluss des Lichtes und anderer Standorts Faktoren. Schweiz. Z. Forstwes. 78, 219 p.
Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Schütz, J.P. (2006) Some criteria of regeneration density in young beech populations. International conference, IUFRO, WP 1.01.07, Ecology and silviculture of beech, Poiana Brasov, Romania, 85-87.
Shahnavzi, H., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Zahedi-Amiri, Gh. (2005) Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of natural regeneration in gaps within beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands of Caspian Region. For. Pop. Rese. 13(2), 141-154.
Schütz, J.P. (1990) Sylvicultur 1. Principes déducation des forêts. Press. Polytech. et Uni. Romandes. Swiss, 243 p.
Wijdeven, S.M.J. (2003) Comparative Studies of Gap-phase Regeneration in Managed and Natural Beech Forests in Different parts of Europe: The Netherlands. NATMAN, Working Report. 35, 16 p.
Zhu, J.j., Matsuzaki, T., Lee, F.Q. and Gonda, Y. (2003) Effect of gap size created by thinning on seedling emergency, survival and establishment in a coastal pine forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 182, 339-354.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1054_aada042b878b7323fc583b621303e1c8.pdf
2011-01-01
55
65
Beech
close to nature
sapling
seedling
silviculture
untouched
Caspian/Hyrcanian forest
Northern iran
P.
Parhizkar
1
Dept. of Forestry, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kh.
Sagheb-Talebi
2
Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Mataji
3
Dept. of Forestry, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Namiranian
4
Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. * Corresponding author’s E-mail: parhizkar@rifr-ac.ir
AUTHOR
Anonymous, (1998) Forestry plan of district one in Langa region, watershed number 36 (Kazemrood), Noshahr natural resources office, 450p.
1
Chazdon, R.L. and Fetcher, N. (1984) Light environments of tropical forests. In “Physiological Ecology of Plants of the Wet Tropics” (E. Medina, H.A. Mooney, and C. Vasquez-Yanes, Eds.), pp. 27–36. W. Junk, The Hague.
2
Denslow, J.S. and Hartshorn, G.S. (1994) Tree-fall gap environments and forest dynamic processes. In “La Selva: Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Rain Forest” (L.A. McDade, K.S. Bawa, H.A. Hespenheide, and G.S. Hartshorn, Eds.), pp. 120–127. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
3
Emborg, J., Christensen, M. and Heilmann-clusen, J. (2000) The structural dynamics of suserup skov, anear natural temperate decidous forest in Denmark. For. Ecol. Manage.126, 173-189. silvicultural characteristics of oriental beech64
4
Huth, F. and Wagner, S. (2006) Gap structure and establishment of Silver birch regeneration (Betula pendula Roth.) in Norway spruce stands (Picea abies L. Karst.). For. Ecol. Manage. 229, 314–324. Korpel, S. (1995) Die Urwaelder der Westkarpaten.
5
Gustav Fischerrt, Verlag, Stuttgart, 310 p. Lee, R. (1978) “Forest Microclimatology.” Columbia University Press, New York.
6
Lawton, R.O. (1990) Canopy gaps and light penetration into a wind-exposed tropical lower montane rain forest. Can. J. For. Rese.20, 659–667.
7
Lowman, M.D. and Rinker, H.B. (2004) Forest Canopy. Elsevier Academic Press. 517p.
8
Madsen, P. and Larsen, J.B. (1997) Natural regeneration of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) with respect to canopy density, soil moisture and soil carbon content. For. Ecol. Manage.97, 103–113.
9
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R. (1975) The study of relation between morphological parameters of beech tree and site. Tehran University, J. Nat. Reso. Col. 32, 15-29.
10
Marvie Mohadjer, M.R. (1976) Study of beech forest qualitative characteristics in north of Iran. Tehran University, J. Nat. Reso. Col. 34, 77-96.
11
Naaf, T. and Wulf, M. (2007) Effects of gap size, light and herbivory on the herb layer vegetation in the European beech forest gaps. For. Ecol. Manage. 244, 141-149.
12
Roloff, V.A., (1986) Morphologische Untersuchungen zum Wachstum und Verzweigungssystem der Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.). Mitt. Dtsch. Dendrol. Ges.76, 5-47.
13
Rubin, B.D., Manion, P.D., Faber-Langendoen, D. (2006) Diameter distributions and structural sustainability in forests. For. Ecol. Manage.222, 427– 438.
14
Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. (1996) Quantitative and qualitative Merkmale von Buchen– jungwuechsen (Fagus sylvatica L.) unter dem Einfluss des Lichtes und anderer Standorts Faktoren. Schweiz. Z.Forstwes. 78, 219p.
15
Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Schütz, J.P. (2006) Some criteria of regeneration density in young beech populations. International conference, IUFRO, WP 1.01.07, Ecology and silviculture of beech, Poiana Brasov, Romania, 85-87.
16
Shahnavzi, H., Sagheb-Talebi, Kh. and Zahedi-Amiri, Gh. (2005) Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of natural regeneration in gaps within beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands of Caspian Region. For. Pop. Rese.13(2), 141-154.
17
Schütz, J.P. (1990) Sylvicultur 1. Principes déducation des forêts. Press. Polytech. et Uni. Romandes. Swiss, 243 p.
18
Wijdeven, S.M.J. (2003) Comparative Studies of Gap-phase Regeneration in Managed and Natural Beech Forests in Different parts of Europe: The Netherlands. NAT-MAN, Working Report. 35, 16p.
19
Zhu, J.j., Matsuzaki, T., Lee, F.Q. and Gonda, Y. (2003) Effect of gap size created by thinning on seedling emergency, survival and establishment in a coastal pine forest. For. Ecol. Manage.182, 339–354.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of chemical characteristics of shoot, root and litter in three range species of Salsola rigida, Artemisia sieberi and Stipa barbata
Some chemical characteristics of root, shoot and litter of index species such as Salsola rigida, Artemisia sieberi and Stipa barbata commonly used in rangeland development projects were evaluated and compared. Chemical properties of soil under and between the above mentioned species were also studied. For this purpose, vegetation types of Stipa barbata and Artemisia sieberi - Salsola rigida were selected in Zarand-e-Saveh rangelands. Totally, 30 individuals of each species within each type were randomly selected for shoot, root and litter sampling and chemical analyses. Also, values of N, P, K, C and C/N ratio were measured in different parts of the species. Results showed that the highest and lowest C/N ratios were related to Stipa barbata root and Artemisia sieberi shoots, respectively. N and P values of Stipa barbata litter were the lowest while Artemisia sieberi and Salsola rigida shoots had the highest values of P and N, respectively. Litter of Salsola rigida and shoot of Artemisia sieberi had the lowest and highest K, respectively. C/N ratio of A. sieberi soil was lower than rest of the species.
REFERENCES
Adams, M.A., P.M. Attiwill., (1986) Nutrient cycling and nitrogen mineralization in eucalypt forest of south-east Australia. Plant and Soil. 92, 341-362.
Alexander, M. (1977) Soil Microbiology, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons. New York, 467 p.
Bertiller, M.B., Sain, C.L., Carrera, A.L. and Vargas, D.N. (2005) Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus conservation in dominant perennial grasses and shrubs across an aridity gradient in Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Arid Environments. 62, 209-223.
Blair, J.M. (1988) Nutrient release from decomposition foliar litter of three tree species with special reference to calcium, magnesium and potassium dynamics. J. Plant and Soil. 110, 49 - 55.
Charely, J.L. and Cowling, S.W. (1967) Changes in soil nutrient status resulting from over grazing and their consequences in plant communities of semi – arid areas. Ecol. Soc. Aust. Proc. 3, 28-38.
Carrera, A.L., Vargas, D.N., Campanella, M.V., Bertiller, M.B., Sain, C.L. and Mazzarino, M.J.( 2005) Soil nitrogen in relation to quality and decomposability of plant litter in the Patagonian Monte, Argentina. Plant Ecology. 181, 239-251.
Constantinides, M. and Fownes, J.H. (1994) Nitrogen mineralization from leaves and litter of tropical plants: relationship to nitrogen, lignin and soluble polyphenol concentration. J. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26, 49-55.
Couteaux, M.M., Bottner, P. and Berg, B. (1995) Litter decomposition, climate and litter quality. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10, 63–66.
Franck, M., Bruce, A., Stuart, F. and Chistopher, B. (1997) Decomposition of litter produced under elevated CO2 dependence on plant species and nutrient supply. J. Biogeochemistry. 36, 223-237.
Hajibaglu, N. (2006). Litter quality of some plants in Taleghan rangelands, MSc. thesis in range management, University of Tehran, pp. 235, (In Persian).
Hartemink, A.E. and. Sallivan, J.N. (2001) Leaf litter decomposition of Piper aduncum, Gliricidia sepium and Imperata cylindrica in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea. J. plant and Soil. 230, 115 - 124.
Heal, O.W., Anderson, J.M., Swift, M.J. (1997) Plant litter quality and decomposition: an historical overview. In: Cadisch, G., Giller, K.E. (Eds.), Driven by Nature: Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition, CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 3-45.
Hoorens, B., Aerts, R. and Stroetenga, M. (2002) Litter quality and interactive effects in litter mixtures: more negative interactions under elevated CO2, Journal of Ecology. 90,1009–1016.
Jafari, M. and Rahim Zadeh, N. (2004) The project report of C/N ratio in some rangeland species, University of Tehran, 169 p. (In Persian).
Koukoura, Z., Mamolos, A.P. and Kalburtji, K.L. 2003. Decomposition of dominant plant species litter in semi arid grassland. J. Soil Ecology. 23, 13- 23.
Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S. and Pons, T. (1998) Decomposition. In: Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer, New York, pp. 495-502.
Lupwayi, N.Z. and Haque, I. (1998) Mineralization of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg from Sesbania and Leucaena leaves varying in chemical composition. J. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 337-343.
Madritch, M. D. and Mark D.H. (2004) Phenotypic diversity and litter chemistry affect nutrient dynamics during litter. Decomposition in a two species mix. OIKOS 105,125 - 131.
Moretto, A.S. and Distel, R.A. (1997) Competitive interactions between palatable and unpalatable grasses native to temperate semi-arid grasslands of Argentina. Plant Ecol. 130,155–161.
Puget, P. and Drinkwater, L. E. (2001) Short-term dynamics of root- and shootderived carbon from a leguminous green manure. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65: 771-779.
Rauzi, F. (1975) Seasonal yield and chemical composition of creseal wheat grass in south eastern Wyoming. J. Range management. 28, 219-221.
Reyisi, F., Mohammadi, J. and Assadi, A. (2003) The relationship between litter quality of range species with carbon dynamic in Sabzkuh rangelands, 2nd National Conference of Iranian Range and Range Management, pp. 280-291 (In Persian).
Romney, E.M. and Wallace, A. (1974) Responses and interactions in desert plants as influenced by irrigation and nitrogen application. US/IBP Desert Biome Res. Memo. RM, 74-17. pp.12.
Salardini, A.A. (2003) Soil fertility. University of Tehran Press, 440 p. (In Persian).
Saleh Rastin, N. (1996) Soil biology. University of Tehran Press, pp. 480 p. (In Persian).
Throop, L., Holland, A. and Parton, J. (2004) Effect Of nitrogen deposition and insert herbivory on pattern of ecosystem – level carbon and nitrogen dynamics: results from the CENTURY model. Global Change Biology. 10,092 -1105.
Wedin, D.A. (1995) Species, nitrogen, and grassland dynamics: the constraint of stuff. In: Jones, C.G., Lawton, L.H. (Eds.), Linking Species and Ecosystems. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 253- 262.
Wedin, D.A. (1999) Nitrogen availability, plant–soil feedbacks and grassland stability. In: Eldridge, D., Freudenberger, D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the VI International Rangeland Congress on People and Rangelands Building the Future. Townsville, Australia, pp. 193-197.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1055_701ee8d35acfdddb2afb7bd483f8a932.pdf
2011-01-01
37
46
Plant tissue
Vegetation cover
Rangeland
Iran
Soil characteristics
M.
Jafari
1
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Kohandel
2
Jahad- Daneshgahi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sh.
Baghbani
3
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Tavili
4
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
M.A.
Zare Chahouki
5
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
AUTHOR
A.
Malekian
6
International Desert Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: kohandel@acecr.ac.ir
AUTHOR
Adams, M.A. , P.M. Attiwill., (1986) Nutrient cycling and nitrogenmineralization in eucalypt forest of south-east Australia. Plant and Soil. 92, 341–362.
1
Alexander, M. (1977) Soil Microbiology, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons. New York. pp. 467.
2
Bertiller, M.B., Sain, C.L., Carrera, A.L. and Vargas, D.N. (2005) Patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus conservation in dominant perennial grasses and shrubsacross an aridity gradient in Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Arid Environments. 62, 209–223.
3
Blair,J.M. (1988) Nutrient release from decomposition foliar litter of three tree species with special reference to calcium, magnesium and potassium dynamics. J. Plant and Soil. 110, 49 – 55.
4
Charely, J.L. and Cowling, S.W. (1967) Changes in soil nutrient status resulting from over grazing and their consequences in plant communities of semi – arid areas. Ecol. Soc. Aust. Proc. 3, 28-38.
5
Carrera, A.L., Vargas, D.N., Campanella, M.V., Bertiller, M.B., Sain, C.L. and Mazzarino, M.J.( 2005) Soil nitrogen in relation to quality and decomposability of plant litter in the Patagonian Monte, Argentina. Plant Ecology. 181, 239–251.
6
Constantinides, M. and Fownes, J.H. (1994) Nitrogen mineralization from leaves and litter of tropical plants: relationship to nitrogen, lignin and soluble polyphenol concentration. J. Soil Biol. Biochem. 26, 49-55.
7
Couteaux, M.M., Bottner, P. and Berg, B. (1995) Litter decomposition, climate and litter quality. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10, 63–66.
8
Franck, M., Bruce, A., Stuart, F. and Chistopher, B. (1997) Decomposition of litter produced under elevated CO2 dependence on plant species and nutrient supply. J. Biogeochemistry. 36, 223-237.
9
Hajibaglu, N. (2006). Litter quality of some plants in Taleghan rangelands, MSc. thesis in range management, University of Tehran, pp. 235, (In Persian).
10
Hartemink, A.E. and. Sallivan, J.N. (2001) Leaf litter decomposition of Piper aduncum, Gliricidia sepium and Imperata cylindrica in the humid lowlands of Papua New Guinea. J. plant and Soil. 230, 115 – 124.
11
Heal, O.W., Anderson, J.M., Swift, M.J. (1997) Plant litter quality and decomposition: an historical overview. In: Cadisch, G., Giller, K.E. (Eds.), Driven by Nature: Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition, CAB International, Wallingford. pp. 3–45.
12
Hoorens, B., Aerts, R. and Stroetenga, M. (2002) Litter quality and interactive effects in litter mixtures: more negative interactions under elevated CO2 ,Journal of Ecology. 90,1009–1016.
13
Jafari, M. and Rahim Zadeh, N. (2004) The project report of C/N ratio in some rangeland species, University of Tehran. pp. 169. (In Persian).
14
Koukoura, Z., Mamolos, A.P. and Kalburtji, K.L. 2003. Decomposition of dominant plant species litter in semi arid grassland. J. Soil Ecology. 23,13- 23.
15
Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S. and Pons, T. (1998) Decomposition. In: PlantPhysiological Ecology. Springer, New York, pp. 495–502.
16
Lupwayi, N.Z. and Haque, I. (1998) Mineralization of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg from Sesbania and Leucaena leaves varying in chemical composition. J. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30(3) 337-343.
17
Madritch, M. D. and Mark D.H. (2004) Phenotypic diversity and litter chemistry affect nutrient dynamics during litter. Decomposition in a two species mix. OIKOS 105,125 – 131.
18
Moretto, A.S. and Distel, R.A. (1997) Competitive interactions between palatable and unpalatable grasses native to temperate semi-arid grasslands of Argentina. Plant Ecol. 130,155–161.
19
Puget, P. and Drinkwater, L. E.( 2001) Short-term dynamics ofroot- and shoot-derived carbon from a leguminous Kohandel et al., 45green manure.Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:771-779.Press. New York, pp. 267.
20
Rauzi, F. (1975) Seasonal yield and chemical composition of creseal wheat grass in south eastern Wyoming. J. Range management. 28, 219-221.
21
Reyisi, F., Mohammadi, J. and Assadi, A. (2003) The relationship between litter quality of range species with carbon dynamic in Sabzkuh rangelands, 2nd national conference of Iranian Range and Range Management, pp. 280-291. (In Persian).
22
Romney, E.M. and Wallace, A.(1974) Responses and interactions in desert plants as influenced by irrigation and nitrogen application. US/IBP Desert Biome Res. Memo. RM, 74-17. pp.12.
23
Salardini, A.A. (2003) Soil fertility. University of Tehran Press. pp. 440. (In Persian).
24
Saleh Rastin, N. (1996) Soil biology. University of Tehran Press. pp. 480. (In Persian).
25
Throop, L., Holland, A. and Parton, J. (2004) Effect Of nitrogen deposition and insert herbivory on pattern of ecosystem – level carbon and nitrogen dynamics: results from the CENTURY model. Global Change Biology. 10,092 –1105.
26
Wedin, D.A. (1995) Species, nitrogen, and grassland dynamics: the constraint of stuff. In: Jones, C.G., Lawton, L.H. (Eds.), Linking Species and Ecosystems. Chapman & Hall, New York, pp. 253–262.
27
Wedin, D.A. (1999) Nitrogen availability, plant–soil feedbacks and grassland stability. In: Eldridge, D., Freudenberger, D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the VI International Rangeland Congress on People and Rangelands Building the Future. Townsville, Australia, pp. 193–197.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Heavy metals Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in tissue, liver of Esox lucius and sediment from the Anzali international lagoon- Iran
Levels of contaminants in fish are of particular interest because of the potential risk to humans consuming them. This paper examines the levels of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper in liver and muscle tissue of Esox lucius and in sediments from the Anzali international wetland in Iran. The wetland is a nursery and feeding habitat for fish species both from the lagoon and the Caspian Sea, which are consumed by the local inhabitants and others. Eleven main rivers discharge agricultural, industrial, urban and municipal wastes into this wetland. Twenty five Esox lucius specimens, with a mean weight of 804.6?121g and mean length of 430.7? 2mm were collected from the wetland by multimesh gill nets in September and December 2007.. The age was determined from scale samples according to the annual ring structure. Average concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn accumulated in the mid-dorsal muscle tissue (filleted and skinned) of fish were 0.001, 0.21?0.02, 0.13?0.01 and 2.55?0.18 ?g.g-1, respectively. The concentrations of these metals in liver samples were Cd: 0.0014? Cu: 0.96? 0.61, Pb: 0.11 ? 0.04 and Zn: 2.46?1.5 ?g.g-1. Significant positive correlations were detected between Zn and Cu with body weight, while negative correlations were found between Pb and body weight. The concentrations of Zn, Cu and Cd were below the maximum allowable concentrations for fish proposed by WHO and MAFF (safe for human consumption) but concentration of Pb exceeded the standard levels.
REFERENCES
Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. (1978) Age and growth. In: Bagenal TB, editor. Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters, IBP Handbook, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Melbourne: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 3: 101– 36
Bervoets, L., Ronny Blust (2003). Metal concentrations in water, sediment and gudgeon (Gobio gobio) from a pollution gradient: relationship with fish condition factor Environmental Pollution. 126:9–19
Burger and Gochfeld (2005). Heavy metals in commercial fish in New Jersey, Environmental Research. 99:403–412.
Domingo, J.L., Bocio, A., Flaco, G., Llobet, J.M (2007). Benefits and risks of fish consumption. Part I. A quantitative analysis of the intake of omega-3 fatty acids and chemical contaminants. Toxicology. 230: 219–226.
Evans DW, Dodoo DK, Hanson PJ (1993).Trace element concentrations in fish livers: implications of variations with fish size in pollution monitoring. Mar Pollut Bull. 26: 329– 34.
Fagerstrom T. (1977). Body weight, metabolic rate and tracesubstance turnover in animals. Oecologia (Berlin). 29: 99–104.
Falcó, G., Llobet, J.M., Bocio, A., Domingo, J.L., (2006). Daily intake of arsenic, camdium, mercury, and lead by consumption of edible marine species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 6106–6112.
Farkas, A., Sala´nki, J., Speczia´ r, A., (2003). Age- and size-specific patterns of heavy metals in the organs of freshwater fish Abramis brama L. populating a lowcontaminated site. Water Research .37: 959–964.
Farkas A. (1993). Preparation of samples for heavy metal analyses and measuring heavy metals. In: Sallanki J, Istv!anovics V, editors. Limnological bases of lake management: 160–63.
Guven, K., Zbay, C., Unlu, E., & Satar, A. (1999). Acute lethal toxicity and accumulation of copper in Gammarus pulex (L.) (Amphipoda). Turkish Journal of Biology. 23: 513–521
Has-Schön, E., Bogut, I., Strelec, I. (2006). Heavy metal profile in five fish species included in human diet, domiciled in the end flow of River Neretva (Croatia). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50: 545–551.
Hatch WR, Ott WL (1968). Determination of submicrogram quantities of mercury by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 40: 2085–2087.
Henry, F., R. Amara, L. Courcot, D. Lacouture, M.-L. Bertho (2004). Heavy metals in four fish species from the French coast of the Eastern English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea, Environment International. 30 :675– 683
Kalay, M., Canlı, M ( 2000). Elimination of essential (Cu and Zn) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals from tissue of a freshwater fish, Tilapia zilli. Tr. J. Zool., 24: 429– 436.
Krishnamurty KV, Shprit EE, Reddy MM. (1976). Trace metal extraction of soils and sediments by nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide. Atmos Absorp Newslett., 15: 68–70.
Krishnamurty KV Andreji, J., Stránai, I., Massàyi, P., Valent, M., (2006) Accumulation of some metals in muscles of five fish species from Lower Nitra River. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A. 41, 2607-2622.
Kimball, K.D. and S.F.
Kimball, (1974). The limnology of the Pahlavi Mordab, Iran: A study of eutrofication problems. Technical Report. Iranian Department of the environment, Tehran: 43 p. (Mimeo)
Kinsella, J.E., Lokesh, B., Stone (2002). R.A Dietary n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in amelioration of Kris-Etherton, P.M., Harris, W.S., Appel, L. J., Fish consumption, fish oil. Omega- 3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation .106: 2747–2757.
Lee, Y. H. & Stuebing, R. B (1990). Heavy metal contamination in the River Toad, Bufo juxtesper (Inger), near a copper mine in East Malaysia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 45: 272–279.
MAFF ( 2000). Monitoring and surveillance of non-radioactive contaminants in the aquatic environment and activities regulating the disposal of wastes at sea, 1997. Aquatic Environment Monitoring Report No. 52. Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK.
Newman MC, Doubet DK. (1989). Sizedependence of mercury (II) accumulation kinetics in the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol.18:819–25.
Oomen, C.M., Feskens, E.J., Räsänen, L., Fidanza, F., Nissinem, A.M., Menotti, A., Kok, F.J., Kromhout, D., (2000). Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality in Finland, Italy and The Netherlands. Am. J. Epidemiol. 151:999– 1006.
Perkin Elmer (1981). Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Using the Mercury/Hydride System. Instrument Division, Perkin ElmerCorporation, Norwalk, CT. Proceedings of the ILEC/UNEP International Training Course 24 May–5 June (1993). Tihany, Hungary, ILEC Kusatsu Shiga, Japan.
Rashed, M. N. (2001). Monitoring of environmental heavy metals in fish from Nasser Lake. Environment International. 27: 27–33.
Sankar, T. V., Zynudheen, A. A., Anandan, R., & Viswanathan Nair, P. G. (2006). Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metal residues in fish and shellfish from Calicut region, Kerala, India. Chemosphere. 65:583–590.
Shul’man GE. (1974) Life cycles of fish. New York: Wiley, UNEP Guidelines for monitoring chemical contaminants in the sea using marine organisms (1993). Reference methods for marine pollution studies, Report 6, Athens.
Uthe, JF, Chou, CL, Misra, RK, Yeats, PA, Loring, DH, Musial, CJ (1991). Temporal trend monitoring: introduction to the study of contaminant levels in marine biota. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences, Report 14, Copenhagen.
Vladykov, V.D (1964).Inland fisheries resources of Iran especially of the Caspian Sea with special reference to sturgeon. Report to the Government of Iran. FAO Report 1818, 51 p.
Weatherly AH, Gill HS (1987). The biology of fish growth. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
Yilmaz, A. B. (2005). Comparison of Heavy metal levels of Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.) caught in Iskenderun Bay (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 29: 257–262.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1056_1367c21fa9b79d7f4690e29f11c8a839.pdf
2011-01-01
1
8
Heavy metals
Esox lucius
Anzali Wetland
Caspian Sea
J.
Imanpour Namin
javidiman@guilan.ac.ir
1
Dept. of Fishery, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Mohammadi
2
Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Heydari
3
Dept. of Fishery, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran.
AUTHOR
F.
Monsef Rad
4
Dept. of Fishery, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Someh Sara, Iran. * Corresponding author’s E-mail: javidiman@guilan.ac.ir
AUTHOR
Arishnamurty KV Andreji, J., Stránai, I., Massàyi, P., Valent, M., (2006)Accumulation of some metals in muscles of five fish species from Lower Nitra River. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A. 41, 2607–2622.
1
Bagenal TB, Tesch FW. (1978) Age and growth. In: Bagenal TB, editor. Methods for assessment of fish production in fresh waters, IBP Handbook, Oxford, London, Edinburgh, Melbourne: Blackwell Scientific Publications. 3: 101–36
2
Bervoets, L., Ronny Blust (2003). Metal concentrations in water, sediment and gudgeon (Gobio gobio) from a pollution gradient: relationship with fish condition factor Environmental Pollution. 126:9–19
3
Burger and Gochfeld (2005). Heavy metals in commercial fish in New Jersey, Environmental Research. 99:403–412.
4
Domingo, J.L., Bocio, A., Flaco, G., Llobet, J.M (2007). Benefits and risks of fish consumption. Part I. A quantitative analysis of the intake of omega-3 fatty acids and chemical contaminants. Toxicology. 230: 219–226.
5
Evans DW, Dodoo DK, Hanson PJ ( 1993) .Trace element concentrations in fish livers: implications of variations with fish size in pollution monitoring. Mar Pollut Bull. 26: 329– 34.
6
Fagerstrom T. (1977). Body weight, metabolic rate and tracesubstance turnover in animals. Oecologia (Berlin). 29:99–104.
7
Falcó, G., Llobet, J.M., Bocio, A., Domingo, J.L.,( 2006). Daily intake of arsenic, camdium, mercury, and lead by consumption of edible marine species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54:6106–6112.
8
Farkas, A., Sala ́nki, J., Speczia ́ r, A., (2003). Age- and size-specific patterns of heavy metals in the organs of freshwater fish Abramis brama L. populating a low-contaminated site. Water Research .37: 959–964.
9
Farkas A. (1993). Preparation of samples for heavy metal analyses and measuring heavy metals. In: Sal!anki J, Istv!anovics V, editors. Limnological bases of lake management: 160–63.
10
Guven, K., Zbay, C., Unlu, E., & Satar, A. (1999). Acute lethal toxicity and accumulation of copper in Gammarus pulex (L.) (Amphipoda). Turkish Journal of Biology. 23: 513–521
11
Has-Schön, E., Bogut, I., Strelec, I(2006) . Heavy metal profile in five fish species included in human diet, domiciled in the end flow of River Neretva (Croatia). Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 50: 545–551.
12
Hatch WR, Ott WL (1968). Determination of Imanpour Namin et al., 7submicrogram quantities of mercury by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Anal Chem.40:2085–7.
13
Henry, F., R. Amara, L. Courcot, D. Lacouture, M.-L. Bertho (2004). Heavy metals in four fish species from the French coast of the Eastern English Channel and Southern Bight of the North Sea, Environment International. 30 :675– 683
14
Kalay, M., Canlı, M ( 2000). Elimination of essential (Cu and Zn) and non-essential (Cd and Pb) metals from tissue of a freshwater fish, Tilapia zilli. Tr. J. Zool. 24: 429– 436.
15
Krishnamurty KV, Shprit EE, Reddy MM. (1976). Trace metal extraction of soils and sediments by nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide. Atmos Absorp Newslett.15: 68–70.
16
Kimball, K.D. and S.F.Kimball, (1974). The limnology of the Pahlavi Mordab, Iran: A study of eutrofication problems. Technical Report. Iranian Department of the environment, Tehran:43 p (Mimeo)
17
Kinsella, J.E., Lokesh, B., Stone (2002). R.A Dietary n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in amelioration of Kris-Etherton, P.M., Harris,W.S., Appel, L.J.,. Fish consumption, fish oil. Omega- 3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation .106: 2747–2757.
18
Lee, Y. H.,& Stuebing, R. B (1990). Heavy metal contamination in the River Toad, Bufo juxtesper (Inger), near a copper mine in East Malaysia. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 45:272–279.
19
MAFF( 2000). Monitoring and surveillance of non-radioactive contaminants in the aquatic environment and activities regulating the disposal of wastes at sea, 1997. Aquatic Environment Monitoring Report No. 52. Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK. Newman MC, Doubet DK. (1989).
20
Size-dependence of mercury (II) accumulation kinetics in the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol.18:819–25.
21
Oomen, C.M., Feskens, E.J., Räsänen, L., Fidanza, F., Nissinem, A.M., Menotti, A., Kok, F.J., Kromhout, D., (2000). Fish consumption and coronary heart disease mortality in Finland, Italy and The Netherlands. Am. J. Epidemiol. 151:999–1006.
22
Perkin Elmer (1981). Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy Using the Mercury/Hydride System. Instrument Division, Perkin Elmer- Corporation, Norwalk, CT. Proceedings of the ILEC/UNEP International Training Course 24 May–5 June( 1993). Tihany, Hungary, ILEC Kusatsu Shiga, Japan. Rashed, M. N. (2001). Monitoring of environmental heavy metals in fish from Nasser Lake. Environment International. 27: 27–33.
23
Sankar, T. V., Zynudheen, A. A., Anandan, R., & Viswanathan Nair, P. G. (2006). Distribution of organochlorine pesticides and heavy metal residues in fish and shellfish from Calicut region, Kerala, India. Chemosphere. 65:583–590.
24
Shul’man GE.( 1974) Life cycles of fish. New York: Wiley,. UNEP Guidelines for monitoring chemical contaminants in the sea using marine organisms (1993). Reference methods for marine pollution studies, Report 6, Athens Uthe, JF, Chou, CL,
25
Misra, RK, Yeats, PA, Loring, DH, Musial, CJ (1991) .Temporal trend monitoring: introduction to the study of contaminant levels in marine biota. ICES Techniques in Marine Environmental Sciences, Report 14, Copenhagen;.
26
Vladykov, V.D(1964).Inland fisheries resources of Iran especially of the Caspian Sea with special reference to sturgeon. Report to the Government of Iran. FAO Report.1818:51 p.
27
Weatherly AH, Gill HS( 1987). The biology of fish growth. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
28
Yilmaz, A. B. (2005). Comparison of Heavy metal levels of Grey Mullet (Mugil cephalus L.) and Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.) caught in Iskenderun Bay (Turkey). Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. 29: 257–262.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microsatellite Polymorphism Reveals Low Genetic Differentiation between Fall and Spring Migratory Forms of Endangered Caspian Trout, Salmo trutta caspius (Kessler, 1870)
The main objective of this study was to assess genetic comparison of two migratory forms of Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius namely fall-run and spring-run. Owing to the lack of information on its genetic differences, 5 microsatellite loci were used for 58 sample analyses. Genomic DNA was extracted from caudal fin using Roche DNA extraction kit and each PCR reaction was performed in a 25 ?l reaction volume. Results revealed that the most allelic frequencies were observed in fall-runs of Caspian trout. The average observed and expected heterozygosity in fall-runs and spring-runs were 0.7719, 0.6108 and 0.4435, 0.5911, respectively. In both groups except Str543INRA in spring runs, all loci had deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Furthermore except Str543INRA in spring runs, expected heterozygosity in all loci was more than observed heterozygosity. In conclusion microsatellite loci polymorphism in this study reveals low genetic differentiation between fall-runs and spring-runs. In order to increase gene flow between Caspian trout populations of different rivers and to increase the production of these fishes, restoration of rivers habitats, as well as using more breeders originating from various rivers is highly recommended.
REFERENCES
Aho, T., Ronn, J., Piironen, J. and Bjorklund, M., 2006. Impacts of effective population size on genetic diversity in hatchery reared brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) populations. Aquaculture. (56): 244-248.
Banks, M.A., Rashbrook, V.K., Calavetta, M.J., Dean, C.A. and Hedgecock, D., 2000. Analysis of microsatellite DNA resolves genetic structure and diversity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in California's Central Valley, Can. J. Fish. Aquaculture Science, 57: 915- 927.
Cagigas, M.E., Vazquez, E., Blanco, G. and Sanchez, J.A., 1999. Combined assessment of genetic variability in populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) based on Allozymes, microsatellites, and RAPD markers. Marine biotechnology, 1: 286- 296.
Carlsson, J., and Nilsson J., 2001. Effects of Geomorphological Structures on Genetic Differentiation among Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Populations in a Northern Boreal River Drainage: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 130: 36- 45.
Carvalho, G.R., and Hauser, L., 1995. Molecular genetics and the stock concept in fisheries. Molecular Genetics in Fisheries. London, Chapman and Hall. PP. 55-80.
Chakraborty, R., and Leimar, O., 1987. Genetic variation population. N. Ryman and F.M. Utter (Eds.), Population Genetics and Fishery Management. Washington: University of Washington. PP. 89-120.
Charles, K., Guyomard, R., Hoyheim, B., Ombredane, D., and Baglinière, J.L., 2005. Lack of genetic differentiation between anadromous and resident sympatric brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a Normandy population, Aquaculture Living Resources, 18: 65- 69.
Dorafshan, S., 2007. Chromosomal handlings of the Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and comparison of the growth in F1. Partial Fulfillment for Degree of fisheriy Ph.D. College of Marine Science. Tarbiat Modares University, PP. 46-52.
Ferguson, A., Taggart, J. B., Prodohl, P. A., McMeel, O., Thompson, C., Stone, C., McGinnity, P. and Hynes, R.A., 1995. The application of molecular markers to the study and conservation of fish populations, with special reference to Salmo. Journal of Fish Biology. 47: 103- 126.
Goudet, J., 2001. FSTAT, a program to estimateand test gene diversities and fixationindices (version 2) 9:3. Available from http://www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fs tat.html
Hansen, M.M., Ruzzante, D.E., Nielsen, E.E. and Mensberg, K.L.D., 2000. Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism Reveals LifeHistory Dependent interbreeding between Hatchery and Wild Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.). Molecular Ecology, 9: 583-594.
Hassanien, H.A., Elnady, M. Obeida, A. and Itriby, H., 2004. Genetic diversity of Nile Tilapia revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Aquaculture Research. 35: 587-593.
Jug, T., Berrebi, P. and Snoj, A., 2005. Distribution of non-Native Trout in Slovenia and their Introgression with Native Trout Population as Observed through Microsatellite. Biological Conservation. 123: 381-388.
Kiabi, B.H., Abdoli, A. and Naderi, M., 1999. Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian basin of Iran. Journal of Zoology, 18: 57-65.
Laikre, L., 1999. Conservation Genetic Management of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in Europe, Division in Population Genetics, Stockholm University, Sweden, pp. 5-50.
Navidi Moghadam Foumani, R., 2005. Investiagation of Genetic variation in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) populations of Tonekabon by using microsatellite markers, MSc. Dissertation, Science faculty, University of Guilan, PP. 63.
Nei, M., 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics, 89: 583- 590.
Neigel, J.E., 1997. A comparison of alternative strategies for estimating gene flow from genetic markers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 28: 105-128.
Northcote T.G., 1997. Potamodromy in Salmonidae: living and moving in the fast lane. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 17: 1029–1045.
Ostergren, J., 2006. Migration and genetic structure of Salmo salar and Salmo trutta in Northern Swedish rivers. PHD thesis, Faculty of forest science, Department of aquaculture science, Umea, Swedish University.
Peakall, R. and Smouse, P. E. 2006. GENALEX6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Nolecular Ecology Notes, 6: 288-295.
Rafiee, A., 2006. Investiagation of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) Genetic variation, MSc. Dissertation, science faculty, University of Guilan, 102 p.
Raymond, M. and Rousset, F., 1995. An exact test for population differentiation. Evolution, 49: 1280-1283.
Raymond, M. and Rousset, F., 2004. GENEPOP. http://www.wbiomed.curtin.edu.au/genepop. Ryman, N. and Laikre, L., 1991. Effects of supportive breeding on the genetically effective population size. Conservation Biology, 5: 325–329.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F and Maniatis, T., 1989. Electrophoresis of RNA through Gels Containing Formaldehyde: Molecular Cloning, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: CSH Laboratory Press. pp. 743–745.
Sonstebo, J.H., Borgstrom, R. and Heun, M., 2007. Genetic Structure of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) from the Hardangervidda Mountain Plateau (Norway) Analyzed by Microsatellite DNA: A Basis for Conservation Guidelines. Conservation Genetic, 8: 33- 44.
Verspoor, E. and Jordan, W.C. 1989. Genetic variation at the Me- 2 locus in the Atlantic salmon within and between rivers: evidence for its selective maintenance. Journal of Fish Biology, 35: 205- 213.
Wright, B.S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations Annual Eugenics, 15: 323- 354.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1057_07e7d565484e3144f9d1e48d5ac42ec5.pdf
2011-01-01
9
16
Salmo trutta caspius
fall
run
spring
genetic differentiation
Microsatellite
Caspian Sea
S. A.
Shirangi
1
Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box:46414-356, Noor, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.R.
Kalbassi
2
Faculty of Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Dorafshan
3
Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: kalbassi_m@modares.ac.ir
AUTHOR
Aho, T., Ronn, J., Piironen , J. and Bjorklund, M., 2006. Impacts of effective population size on genetic diversity in hatchery reared brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) populations. Aquaculture. (56): 244-248.
1
Banks, M.A., Rashbrook, V.K., Calavetta, M.J., Dean, C.A. and Hedgecock, D., 2000. Analysis of microsatellite DNA resolves genetic structure and diversity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in California's Central Valley, Can. J. Fish. Aquaculture Science.(57): 915- 927.
2
Cagigas, M.E., Vazquez, E., Blanco, G. and Sanchez, J.A., 1999. Combined assessment of genetic variability in populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) based on Allozymes, microsatellites, and RAPD markers. Marine biotechnology. (1): 286- 296.
3
Carlsson, J., and Nilsson J., 2001. Effects of Geomorphological Structures on Genetic Differentiation among Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Populations in a Northern Boreal River Drainage: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, (130): 36- 45.
4
Carvalho, G.R., and Hauser, L., 1995. Molecular geneticsand the stock concept in fisheries. Molecular Genetics in Fisheries. London, Chapman and Hall. PP. 55-80.
5
Chakraborty, R., and Leimar, O., 1987. Genetic variation population. N. Ryman and F.M.Utter (Eds.), Population Genetics and FisheryManagement. Washington: University of Washington. PP.89-120.
6
Charles, K., Guyomard, R., Hoyheim, B., Ombredane, D., and Baglinière, J.L., 2005. Lack of genetic differentiation between anadromous and resident sympatric brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a Normandy population, Aquaculture Living Resources. (18): 65- 69.
7
Dorafshan, S., 2007. Chromosomal handlings of the Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) and Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and comparison of the growth in F1. Partial Fulfillment for Degree of fisheriy Ph.D. College of Marine Science. Tarbiat Modares University, PP. 46-52.
8
Ferguson, A., Taggart, J. B., Prodohl,P. A., McMeel, O., Thompson, C., Stone, C., McGinnity, P. and Hynes, R.A., 1995. The application of molecular markers to the study and conservation of fish populations, with special reference to Salmo.Journal of Fish Biology. (47): 103-126.
9
Goudet, J., 2001. FSTAT, a program to estimateand test gene diversities and fixationindices(version(2)(9)3).Availablefrom http://www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html
10
Hansen, M.M., Ruzzante, D.E., Nielsen, E.E. and Mensberg, K.L.D., 2000.Microsatellite and Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphism Reveals Life-History Dependent interbreeding between Hatchery and Wild Brown Kalbassi et al., 15Trout (Salmo trutta L.). Molecular Ecology. (9): 583-594.
11
Hassanien, H.A., Elnady, M. Obeida, A. and Itriby, H., 2004. Genetic diversity of Nile Tilapia revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Aquaculture Research. (35): 587-593.
12
Jug, T., Berrebi, P. and Snoj, A., 2005. Distribution of non-Native Trout in Slovenia and their Introgression with Native Trout Population as Observed through Microsatellite. Biological Conservation. (123): 381-388.
13
Kiabi, B.H., Abdoli, A. and Naderi, M., 1999. Status of the fish fauna in the South Caspian basin of Iran. Journal of Zoology. (18): 57-65.
14
Laikre, L., 1999. Conservation Genetic Management of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) in Europe, Division in Population Genetics, Stockholm University, Sweden, pp. 5-50.
15
Navidi Moghadam Foumani, R., 2005. Investiagation of Genetic variation in Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) populations of Tonekabon by using microsatellite markers, MSc thesis, science faculty, The university of Guilan, PP. 63.
16
Nei, M., 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics. (89): 583- 590.
17
Neigel, J.E., 1997. A comparison of alternative strategies for estimating gene flow from genetic markers. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. (28): 105-128.
18
Northcote T.G., 1997. Potamodromy in Salmonidae: living and moving in the fast lane. North American Journal of Fisheries Management (17): 1029–1045.
19
Ostergren, J., 2006. Migration and genetic structure of Salmo salar and Salmo truttain Northern Swedish rivers. PHD thesis, Faculty of forest science, Department of aquaculture science, Umea, Swedish university.
20
Peakall, R. and Smouse, P. E. 2006. GENALEX6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Nolecular Ecology Notes. (6): 288-295.
21
Rafiee, A., 2006. Investiagation of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) Genetic variation, MSc thesis, science faculty, The university of Guilan. PP. 102.
22
Raymond, M. and Rousset, F., 1995. An exact test for population differentiation. Evolution. (49): 1280-1283.
23
Raymond, M. and Rousset, F., 2004. GENEPOP. http://www.wbio-med.curtin.edu.au/genepop. Ryman, N. and Laikre, L., 1991. Effects of supportive breeding on the genetically effective population size. Conservation Biology. (5): 325–329.
24
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E.F and Maniatis, T., 1989. Electrophoresis of RNA through Gels Containing Formaldehyde: Molecular Cloning, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: CSH Laboratory Press. pp. 743–745.
25
Sonstebo, J.H., Borgstrom, R. and Heun, M., 2007. Genetic Structure of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) from the Hardangervidda Mountain Plateau (Norway) Analyzed by Microsatellite DNA: A Basis for Conservation Guidelines. Conservation Genetic. (8): 33- 44.
26
Verspoor, E. and Jordan, W.C. 1989. Genetic variation at the Me- 2 locus in the Atlantic salmon within and between rivers: evidence for its selective maintenance. Journal of Fish Biology. (35): 205- 213.
27
Wright, B.S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations Annual Eugenics. (15): 323-354.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic diversity in the Persian sturgeon, Acipenser percicus, from the south Caspian Sea based on mitochondrial DNA sequences of the control region
The Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus (Borodin, 1897), is an economically important species, which mainly inhabits the Caspian Sea. However, little is known about its population genetic structure. In this study, variation in nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region of wild stock Persian sturgeon was determined to assess the genetic diversity among different natural populations of this species. The fish (n = 46) were collected from four sites (Astara, Sefidrood, Noshahr and Bandare- Turkaman) in the south Caspian Sea. As a result 6 haplotypes and 44 variable sites were found. The average haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (?) were 0.640?0.028 and 0.0442?0.011, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that most variations occurred within samples, and the difference between the populations from Astara and Noshahr or Bandare- Turkaman was not significant (p <0.001). Estimates of gene flow indicated reproductive isolation between the Sefidrood River population and the other collections. The divergence might be related to geographical isolation. The results are consistent with the findings from PCR-RFLP analysis (PCR-RFLP) and suggest considerable genetic diversity of the population from Sefidrood River.
REFERENCES
Ataei, M. (2004). Investigation of genetic variation in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, in Sefidrood river using PCRRFLP technique. Thesis in Master of Science. The University of Guilan, Iran, 156 p. (In Persian).
Avise J.C. (1994) Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY, 511 p.
Billington N. and Hebert D.N. (1991) Mitochondrial DNA diversity in fishes and its implications for introductions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppllement 1), 80–94.
Birstein V.J. (1993) Sturgeons and paddlefishes: threatened fishes in need of conservation. Conserv. Biol. 7, 773-787.
Birstein V.I, Bemis W.E, and Waldman J.R. (1997) The threatened status of Acipenseriform species: a summary. Environmen. Biol. Fish. 48, 427-435.
Brown W.M. (1985). The mitochondrial genome of animals. In: MacIntyre, R.J. (Ed.), Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Plenum, New York, NY, pp. 95–130.
Brown J.R., Beckenbach A.T. and Smith M.J. (1993) Intraspecific DNA sequence variation of the mitochondrial control region of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Mol. Biol. Evol. 10, 326– 341.
Brown K.H. (2008) Fish mitochondrial genomics: sequence, inheritance and functional variation. J. Fish Biol. 72, 355– 374.
Excoffier L., Smouse P.E., and Quattro J.M. (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics 131, 479-491.
Excoffier L., Laval G., and Schneider S. (2005) Arlequin Ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. 1, 47–50.
Grunwald C., Stabile, J., Waldman, J.R., Gross, R., Wirgin, I. (2002) Population genetics of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Mol. Ecol., 11, 1885-1898.
Hillis, D and Moritz, M. C. (1990). Molecular taxonomic. Sinauer associate, Inc. Publishers. Massachusetts. Hudson R.R., Slatkin M., Maddison W.P. (1992) Estimation of levels of gene flow from DNA sequence data. Genetics 132, 583–589.
Kimura M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitution through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol. 16, 111–120.
KhoshKholgh M., Pourkazemi M., Kamali A., Rezvani Gilkolaie S. (2008) Investigation on genetic structure of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) populations of the north (Volga River) and south Caspian Sea (coasts of Iran and Turkmenistan) using microsatellite techniques. Iran. Sci. Fish. J. 16, 69-80.
Kumar S, Tamura K. & Nei M. (2004) MEGA3: integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform. 5, 150–163.
Liua Z.J.& J.F. Cordes. (2004) DNA marker technologies and their applications in aquaculture genetics. Aquaculture 238, 1 –37.
Ludwig, A., May, B., Debus, L., and Jenneckens, I. (2000) Heteroplasmy in the mtDNA Control Region of Sturgeon (Acipenser, Huso and Scaphirhynchus). Genetics 156: 1933–1947.
Ludwig, A. (2006) A sturgeon view on conservation genetics. Europ. J. Wild. Res. 52, 3-8.
Moghim M., Kor D., Tavakolieshkalak M. & Khoshghalb M.B. (2006) Stock status of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus, Borodin 1897) along the Iranian coast of the Caspian Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 22, 99-107.
Mugue, N.S., Barmintseva, A. E., Rastorguev, S. M., Mugue, V. N. and Barmintsev, V. A. (2008) Polymorphism of the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region in Eight Sturgeon Species and Development of a System for DNABased Species Identification. Russ. J. Genet. 2008. 44, 793–798.
Norouzi M., Porkazemi M., Keyvan A., Fatemi S.M.R. and Kazemi B. (2008) Population genetic structure of Stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) in the south Caspian Sea using microsatellite markers. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 3, 158-166.
Ong T.L., Stabile J., Waldman J.R. and Wirgin I. (1996) Genetic divergence of Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico sturgeon based on sequence analysis of the mtDNA control region. Copeia 1996, 464–469.
Pikitch E.K., Doukakis P., Lauck L., Chakrabarty P. & Erickson D.L. (2005) Status, trends and management of sturgeon and paddlefish fisheries. Fish Fish. 6, 233–265.
Pourkazemi M. (1996) Molecular and biochemical genetic analysis of sturgeon stocks from the South Caspian Sea. PhD Dissertation, University of Wales, Swansea.
Pourkazemi M., Skibinski, D.O.F. & Beardmore J.A., (1999). Application of mtDNA d-loop region for the study of Russian sturgeon population structure from Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea. J. Appl. Ichthyol.15, 23–28.
Pourkazemi M., Skibinski D.O.F. & Beardmore A. (2000) A Preliminary study on phylogenetic relationships between five sturgeon species in the Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea. Iran. J. Fish. Sci. 2, 98-109.
Qasemi A., Pourkazemi M. & Kalbasi M. (2004) Genetic variation in ship sturgeon (Acipenser nudiventris) from the south Caspian Sea using PCR-RELP. Iran. Sci. Fish. J.4, 151-163.
Rezvani Gilkolaei S. (1997) Molecular population genetic studies of sturgeon species in the South Caspian Sea. PhD Dissertation, University of Wales, Swansea.
Rezvani Gilkolaie S. (2000) study of mtDNA variation of Russian sturgeon population from the south Caspian Sea using RFPL analysis of PCR amplified ND5/6 gene regiens. Iran. J. Fish. Sci. 2, 87-98.
Rozas J, Sa´nchez-DelBarrio J.C, Messeguer X.& Rozas R. (2003) DnaSP, DNA polymorphism analyses by the coalescent and other methods. Bioinformatics 19, 2496–2497.
Safari R., Pourkazemi M., Rezvani Gilkolaie S. & Shabani A., (2008) Genetic relationships of Iranian coastline ship sturgeon, Acipenser nudiventris, samples and Ural population based on microsatellite DNA. Iran. J. Fish. Sci. 7, 229-241.
Shabani A., Pourkazemi M., Kamali A., Rezvani Gilkolaie S. & Vitskayal V.V. (2003) Study of Genetic variation in stellate sturgeon (Acipenser stellatus) from north (Volga river) and south (Gorganrud river) Caspian Sea using PCR-RFLP of mitochondrial ND 5/6 gene. Iran. J. Mar. Sci. Tech. 4, 159-169.
Thompson J.D., Gibson TJ., Plewniak F., Jeanmougin F., Higgins D.G. (1997) The ClustalX windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acid. Res. 24, 4876–4882.
Vecsei P. & Artyukhin E. (2001) Threatened fishes of the world: Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897 (Acipenseridae) Environmen. Biol. Fish. 61, 160.
Vlasenko A.D., Pavlov A.V. & Vasil’ev V.P. (1989) Acipenser persicus Borodin, 1897. In: The Freshwater Fishes of Europe. Vol. 1. Pt. II. General Introduction to Fishes. Acipenseriformes (ed. J. Holcik). AULA-Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 345–366.
Vodolazhskii D.I., Kornienko, I.V. & Voinova N.V. (2008) Hypervariability of the D-loop Region in Mitochondrial DNA of Russian Sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii (Acipenseriformes, Acipenseridae). J. Ichthyol. 48, 188-197.
Waldman J.R., Grunwald C., Stabile J. & Wirgin I. (2002) Impacts of life history and biogeography on genetic stock structure in Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus, Gulf sturgeon A. oxyrinchus desotoi, and shortnose sturgeon, A. brevirostrum. J. Appl. Ichthyol.18, 509–518.
Weir B.S.& Cockerham C.C. (1984) Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38, 1358–1370.
Wirgin I., Stabile J.E. & Waldman J.R. (1997) Molecular analysis in the conservation of sturgeons and paddlefish. Environmen. Biol. Fish. 48, 385-398.
Wirgin I., Waldman J.R., Rosko L., Gross R., Collins M.R., Rogers S.G. & Stabile J. (2000) Genetic structure of Atlantic sturgeon populations based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Trans. American Fish. Soc. 129, 476-486.
Wirgin I., Waldman J., Stabile, J., Lubinski, B. & King T., (2002) Comparison of mitochondrial DNA control region sequence and microsatellite DNA analyses in estimating population structure and gene flow rates in Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus. J. Appl. Ichthyol.18, 313–319.
Wirgin I., Grunwald C., Carlson E., Stabile J., Peterson D. & Waldman J. (2005) Range-wide population structure of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum based on sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Estuaries 28, 406-421.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1058_933bdd49f053154e66765a1b4183af27.pdf
1999-11-30
M.
Khoshkholgh
1
Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmehsara, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Pourkazemi
2
International Sturgeon Research Institute, P.O. Box 41635-3464, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
S.
Nazari
3
Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmehsara, Iran.
AUTHOR
L.
Azizzadeh Pormehr
4
Dept. of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 1144, Sowmehsara, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ataei, M. (2004). Investigation of genetic variation in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser
1
Khoshkholgh et al., 23persicus, in Sefidrood river using PCR-RFLP technique.Thesis in Master of Science. The University of Guilan,Iran, 156 pp. (In Persian).
2
Avise J.C. (1994) Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. Chapman and Hall, New York, NY. 511 pp.
3
Billington N. and Hebert D.N. (1991) Mitochondrial DNA diversity in fishes and its implications for introductions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 48 (Suppllement 1), 80–94.
4
Birstein V.J. (1993) Sturgeons and paddlefishes: threatened fishes in need of conservation. Conserv. Biol. 7, 773-787.
5
Birstein V.I, Bemis W.E, and Waldman J.R. (1997) The threatened status of Acipenseriform species: a summary. Environmen. Biol. Fish.48, 427-435.
6
Brown W.M. (1985). The mitochondrial genome of animals.In: MacIntyre, R.J. (Ed.), Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Plenum, New York, NY, pp. 95–130.
7
Brown J.R., Beckenbach A.T. and Smith M.J. (1993) Intraspecific DNA sequence variation of the mitochondrial control region of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Mol. Biol. Evol. 10, 326–341.
8
Brown K.H. (2008) Fish mitochondrial genomics: sequence, inheritance and functional variation. J. Fish Biol. 72, 355–374.
9
Excoffier L., Smouse P.E., and Quattro J.M. (1992) Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Genetics131, 479-49l.
10
Excoffier L., Laval G., and Schneider S. (2005) Arlequin Ver. 3.0: an integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. 1, 47–50.
11
Grunwald C., Stabile, J., Waldman, J.R., Gross, R., Wirgin, I. (2002) Population genetics of shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum based on mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Mol. Ecol., 11, 1885-1898.
12
Hillis, D and Moritz, M. C. (1990). Molecular taxonomic. Sinauer associate, Inc. Publishers. Massachusetts.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Karyology study on Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) from the South Caspian Sea region
The chromosomal spread and karyotype of Bleak (Alburnus alburnus) from Anzali lagoon were identified using tissue squashing techniques with injection of 0.5ml/100g body weight of 0.01% Colchicines solution in fish fingerlings. Kidney and gill tissues were then extracted and chopped in KCl 0.045M for 20 min and fixed in Carnoy solution in 3 stages. The chromosomal spreads were stained in 20% Gimsa for 30 min. From 347 chromosomal spread counts, the results showed diploid chromosome number of this species 2n=50. Karyotype composed of 7 metacentric, 13 submetacentric and 5 acrocentric or subtelocentric choromosome pairs, and the number of chromosome arms (NF) was determined as NF=90.
REFERENCES
Abdouli, A. (1999) The inland water fishes of Iran. Natural and wild life museum of Iran, Tehran, 378 P.
Al-Sabti, K. (1991) Hand book of genotoxic effects and fish chromosomes. Ljubljana, 97P.
AI-Sabti, K. (1985) Chromosomal studies by blood leukocyte culture technique on three salmonids from Yugoslavian waters. J. of Fish Biol. 26: 5-12.
Arkhipchuk, V.V. (1999) Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. www.fishbase.org.
Baksi, M. and Means, J.C. (1988) Preparation of chromosomes from early stages of fish for cytogenetic analysis. J. of Fish Biol. 32: 321-325.
Bianco, P.G.; Aprea, G.; Balletto, E.; Capriglione, T.; Fulgione, D. and Odierna, G. (2004) The karyology of the cyprinid genera Scardinius and Rutilus in southern Europe. Ichthyol. Res. 51: 274–278.
Esmaeili, H.R.; Ebrahimi, M.; Ansari, T.H. ; Teimory, A. and Gholamhosseini, G.A. (2009) Karyotype analysis of Persian stone lapper, Garra persica Berg, 1913 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Current Sci., 96: 959-962.
Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2006) Karyotype of Persian Chub, Petroleuciscus persidis (Coad, 1981) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Southern Iran. Turk. J. of Zool. 30: 137- 139.
Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2007) Karyotype analysis of Garra rufa (Heckle, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Fars province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 16: 11-17.
Esmaeili, H.R., Zareian, H.; Gholamhosseini, A.; Ebrahimi, M.; Gholami, Z.; Teimori, A. and Ansari, T.H. (2010) Karyotype Analysis of the King Nase Fish, Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Turk. J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci. 10: 477-481.
Gold, J.R. (1974) A fast and easy method for Chromosome karyoryping in adult teleoasts. progressive fish culturist. 36: 169-171.
Gold, J.R.; Li, Y.C., Shipley, N.S. and Powers, P.K. (1990) Improved methods for working with fish chromosome with a review of metaphase chromosome banding. J. of Fish Biol. 37: 563-575.
Gul, S.; Colak, A.; Sezgin, I. and Kaloglu, B. (2004) Karyotype analysis in Alburnus heckeli (Battalgil, 1943) from Lake Hazer. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 28: 309-314.
Hosseini S.V. and Kalbassi M.R. (2003) Karyologic study of Anjak fish Schizothorax zarudnyi in region Zehak of Siatan and Baluchestan province, Iranian J. of Sea Sci. 2: 13-21.
Kalbassi, M.R.; Hosseini, S.V. and Tahergorabi, R. (2008) Karyotype Analysis in Schizothorax zarudnyi from Hamoon Lake, Iran. Turk. J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci., 8: 335-340.
Khosravanizaeh, A. (2010) The karyology of the Spirlin fish Alburnoides bipunctatus in Zabol region, The 1st Iranian ornamental fishes conference. Iran 2010 (Tehran). Book of Abstracts. 141 p.
Khuda-Bukhsh, A.R.; Chanda, T. and Barat, A. (1986) Karyomorphology and evolution in some Indian hillstearm fishes with particular references to polyploily in some species. In: IndoPacific Fishes (Eds. T. Uyeno; R. Arai; T. Taniuchi and K. Matsuura). Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. pp. 886-898.
Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2001) Karyotypes of Cyprinid Fish Capoeta trutta and Capoeta capoeta umbla (Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Turk. J. of Zool., 25: 389-393.
Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2004) Karyotypes of the Cyprinid Fish Alburnoides bipunctatus (Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Folia Biol. (Krakow), 52: 57-59.
Klinkhardt, M.; Tesche, M. and Greven, H. (1995) Database of chromosome. Westarp Wissenschaften. www.fishbase.org.
Levan, A., Fredga, K. and Sandberg, A.A. (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric positions on chromosomes. Hereditas. 52: 201-202.
Nahavandi, R., Amini, F. and Rezvani, S. (2001) Karyology of Abramis brama in southern waters of Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 10(3): 89-100.
Naran, D., Skelton, P.H. and Villet, M.H. (2006) Karyology of the redfin minnows, genus Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): one of the evolutionarily tetraploid lineages of South African barbines. African Zool. 41(2): 178-182.
Nazari, S., Pourkazemi, M. and Porto, J.I.R. (2011) Chromosome description and localization of Nucleolus Organizing Regions (NORs) by Ag-staining Technique in Alburnus filippii (Cyprinidae: Cypriniformes) in Anzali Lagoon, North Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci., 10: 352-355.
Nirchio, M., Perez, J., Granado, A. and Ron, E. (2006) Conventional karyotype, constitutive heterochromstin, and nucleolar organizer regions in Hoplosternum littorale (Pisces: Callichthyidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela. Saber, Universided de Oriente, Venezuela. 18: 113-116.
Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. and Khosroshahi, M. (1995) Karyology of the Caspian Sea kutum roach by with blood cells culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J., 4: 64-71.
Nowruzfashkhami, M.R., Pourkazemi, M. and Kalbassi, M.R. (2002) Karyotyping characterization of the grass carp by leukocyte culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11: 137-144.
Pourali Darestani, S., Bazyar Lakeh A.A. and Hassanzadeh Kiabi B. (2006) A karyological study of Barbus capito, Barbus mursa and two populations of Capoeta capoeta from Northern Iran. Iranian J. Natural Res., 58: 831-842.
Pourkazemi, M., Kazerooni Monfared, F., Bagherzadeh, F. and Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. (2010) Karyotyping of Vimba vimba persa. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 19: 19-30.
Pourkazemi, M.; Nazari, S. and Bakhshalizadeh, S. (2010) Karyotype analysis in white bream (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica) from north coast of Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci. 9(3): 454-463.
Rab, P., Rabova, M.; Pereira, C.S.; Collares-Pereira, M.J. and Pelikanova, S. (2008) Chromosome studies of European cyprinid fishes: interspecific homology of leuciscine cytotaxonomic markerV the largest subtelocentric chromosome pair as revealed by cross-species painting. Chromosome Res. 16: 863–873.
Reddy, P.V.G.K. and John, G. (1986) A method to increase miotic metaphase spreads and permanent chromosome preparation for karyotype studies in fishes. Aquaculture Hungrica. 5: 31-36.
Sahoo, P.K.; Nanda, P. and Barat, A. (2007) Karyotypic diversity among three species of Garra (Family: Cyprinidae) from River Dikrong. Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cytologia, 72: 259-263.
Schmid, M.; Ziegler, C.G.; Steinlein, C.; Nanda I. and Schart, M. (2006) Cytogenetics of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus), with special emphasis on the B chromosomes. Chromosome Res. 14: 231-242.
Ueda, T., Iijima, K. ; Naoi, H., Arai, R., Ishinabe, T. and Jeon, S. (2006) Karyotypes of Three Tanakia Bitterlings (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from East Asia. Cytologia, 71: 251-255.
Ünlü, E. ; Kilic-Demürok, N. ; Cengiz, E.I. and Karadede, H. (1997) Karyology of Garra rufa (Cyprinidae) in River Tigris (Turkey). Ninth International Congress of European Ichthyologists (CE19) "Fish Biodiversity". Italy 1997 (NapoliTrieste), Book of Abstracts, 95 p.
Varasteh, A., Hossienzadeh, M.M. and Pourkazemi, M. (2002) Karyotyping and number of chromosomes of silver carp (Hypophtalmichthys molitrix). Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11: 107-114.
Vossoughi, G.H. and Mostajeer, B. (2000) Freshwater fish. Tehran University Publications, Tehran, 317P. Zhao, J., Lio, L.G., Chen, X.L., Qing, N. and Dong, C.W. (2004) Karyotypic analysis of the multiple tetraploid allogynogenetic pengze crucian carp and its parents. Aquaculture, 237: 117-129.
Ziegler, C.G., Lamatsch, D.K.; Steinlein, C., Engel, W.; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res., 11: 23-35.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1059_5c5c57d7d181fed5a8df3f08dfcc87cb.pdf
2011-01-01
27
36
Alburnus alburnus
Anzali Lagoon
Bleak
Chromosome
Iran
Karyotype
A.
Khosravanizadeh
1
Natural Resources Faculty, University of Zabol, Po. Box: 98615-538, Zabol, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Pourkazemi
2
International Sturgeon Research Institute, PO.Box 41635-3464, Rasht, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.R.
Nowruz Fashkhami
3
International Sturgeon Research Institute, PO.Box 41635-3464, Rasht, Iran. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: akhosravanizadeh@gmail.com
AUTHOR
Abdouli, A. (1999) The inland water fishes of Iran. Natural and wild life museum of Iran, Tehran, 378P.
1
Al-Sabti, K. (1991) Hand book of genotoxic effects and fish chromosomes. Ljubljana, 97P.
2
AI-Sabti, K. (1985) Chromosomal studies by blood leukocyte culture technique on three salmonids from Yugoslavian waters. J. of Fish Biol. 26: 5-12.
3
Arkhipchuk, V.V. (1999) Chromosome database. Database of Dr. Victor Arkhipchuk. www.fishbase.org.
4
Baksi, M. and Means, J.C. (1988) Preparation of chromosomes from early stages of fish for cytogenetic analysis. J. of Fish Biol. 32: 321-325.
5
Bianco, P.G. ; Aprea, G. ; Balletto, E. ; Capriglione, T. ; Fulgione, D. and Odierna, G. (2004) The karyology of the cyprinid genera Scardinius and Rutilus in southern Europe. Ichthyol. Res. 51: 274–278.
6
Esmaeili, H.R. ; Ebrahimi, M. ; Ansari, T.H. ; Teimory, A. and Gholamhosseini, G.A. (2009) Karyotype analysis of Persian stone lapper, Garra persica Berg, 1913 (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Current Sci. 96(7): 959-962.
7
Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2006) Karyotype of Persian Chub, Petroleuciscus persidis (Coad, 1981) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Southern Iran. Turk. J. of Zool. 30: 137-139.
8
Esmaeili, H.R. and Piravar, Z. (2007) Karyotype analysis of Garra rufa(Heckle, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) in Fars province. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 16(3): 11-17.
9
Esmaeili, H.R. ; Zareian, H. ; Gholamhosseini, A. ; Ebrahimi, M. ; Gholami, Z. ; Teimori, A. and Ansari Karyology study on Bleak 34T.H. (2010) Karyotype Analysis of the King Nase Fish, Chondrostoma regium(Heckel, 1843) (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Iran. Turk.
10
J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci. 10: 477-481.
11
Gold, J.R. (1974) A fast and easy method for Chromosome karyoryping in adult teleoasts. progressive fish culturist. 36: 169-171.
12
Gold, J.R. ; Li, Y.C. ; Shipley, N.S. and Powers, P.K. (1990) Improved methods for working with fish chromosome with a review of metaphase chromosome banding. J. of Fish Biol. 37: 563-575.
13
Gul, S. ; Colak, A. ; Sezgin, I. and Kaloglu, B. (2004) Karyotype analysis in Alburnus heckeli (Battalgil, 1943) from Lake Hazer. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 28: 309-314.
14
Hosseini S.V. and Kalbassi M.R. (2003) Karyologic study of Anjak fish Schizothorax zarudnyi in region Zehak of Siatan and Baluchestan province, Iranian J. of Sea Sci. 2(1): 13-21.
15
Kalbassi, M.R. ; Hosseini, S.V. and Tahergorabi, R. (2008) Karyotype Analysis in Schizothorax zarudnyi from Hamoon Lake, Iran. Turk. J. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci. 8: 335-340.
16
Khosravanizaeh, A. (2010) The karyology of the Spirlin fish Alburnoides bipunctatusin Zabol region, The 1st Iranian ornamental fishes conference. Iran 2010 (Tehran). Book of Abstracts. 141P.
17
Khuda-Bukhsh, A.R. ; Chanda, T. and Barat, A. (1986) Karyomorphology and evolution in some Indian hillstearm fishes with particular references to polyploily in some species. In: Indo-Pacific Fishes (Eds. T. Uyeno; R. Arai; T. Taniuchi and K. Matsuura). Ichthyological Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan. pp.886-898.
18
Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2001) Karyotypes of Cyprinid Fish Capoeta trutta and Capoeta capoeta umbla(Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Turk. J. of Zool. 25: 389-393.
19
Kilic-Demürok, N. and Unlu, E. (2004) Karyotypes of the Cyprinid Fish Alburnoides bipunctatus (Cyprinidae) From the Tigris River. Folia Biol. (Krakow). 52: 57-59.
20
Klinkhardt, M. ; Tesche, M. and Greven, H. (1995) Database of chromosome. Westarp Wissenschaften. www.fishbase.org.
21
Levan, A. ; Fredga, K. and Sandberg, A.A. (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric positions on chromosomes. Hereditas. 52: 201-202.
22
Nahavandi, R., Amini, F. and Rezvani, S. (2001) Karyology of Abramis brama in southern waters of Caspian Sea. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 10(3): 89-100.
23
Naran, D. ; Skelton, P.H. and Villet, M.H. (2006) Karyology of the redfin minnows, genus Pseudobarbus Smith, 1841 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae): one of the evolutionarily tetraploid lineages of South African barbines. African Zool. 41(2): 178-182.
24
Nazari, S. ; Pourkazemi, M. and Porto, J.I.R. (2011) Chromosome description and localization of Nucleolus Organizing Regions (NORs) by Ag-staining Technique in Alburnus filippii (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) in Anzali Lagoon, North Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci. 10(2) 352-355.
25
Nirchio, M. ; Perez, J. ; Granado, A. and Ron, E. (2006) Conventional karyotype, constitutive heterochromstin, and nucleolar organizer regions in Hoplosternum littorale (Pisces: Callichthyidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela. Saber, Universided de Oriente, Venezuela. 18(2): 113-116.
26
Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. and Khosroshahi, M. (1995) Karyology of the Caspian Sea kutum roach by with blood cells culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 4(1): 64-71.
27
Nowruzfashkhami, M.R., Pourkazemi, M. and Kalbassi, M.R. (2002) Karyotyping characterization of the grass carp by leukocyte culture. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11(3): 137-144.
28
Pourali Darestani, S., Bazyar Lakeh A.A. and Hassan-zadeh Kiabi B. (2006) A karyological study of Barbus capito, Barbus mursa and two populations of Capoeta capoeta from Northern Iran. Iranian J. Natural Res. 58(4): 831-842.
29
Pourkazemi, M. ; Kazerooni Monfared, F. ; Bagherzadeh, F. and Nowruzfashkhami, M.R. (2010) Karyotyping of Vimba vimba persa. Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 19(2): 19-30.
30
Pourkazemi, M. ; Nazari, S. and Bakhshalizadeh, S. (2010) Karyotype analysis in white bream (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica) from north coast of Iran. Iranian J. of Fisheries Sci. 9(3): 454-463. Khosravanizadeh et al., 35Rab,
31
P. ; Rabova, M. ; Pereira, C.S. ; Collares-Pereira, M.J. and Pelikanova, S. (2008) Chromosome studies of European cyprinid fishes: interspecific homology of leuciscine cytotaxonomic markerVthe largest subtelocentric chromosome pair as revealed by cross-species painting. Chromosome Res. 16: 863–873.
32
Reddy, P.V.G.K. and John, G. (1986) A method to increase miotic metaphase spreads and permanent chromosome preparation for karyotype studies in fishes. Aquaculture Hungrica. 5: 31-36.
33
Sahoo, P.K. ; Nanda, P. and Barat, A. (2007) Karyotypic diversity among three species of Garra (Family: Cyprinidae) from River Dikrong. Arunachal Pradesh, India. Cytologia. 72(3): 259-263.
34
Schmid, M. ; Ziegler, C.G. ; Steinlein, C. ; Nanda I. and Schart, M. (2006) Cytogenetics of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus), with special emphasis on the B chromosomes. Chromosome Res. 14: 231-242. Ueda,
35
T. ; Iijima, K. ; Naoi, H. ; Arai, R. ; Ishinabe, T. and Jeon, S. (2006) Karyotypes of Three Tanakia Bitterlings (Pisces, Cyprinidae) from East Asia. Cytologia. 71(3): 251-255.
36
Ünlü, E. ; Kilic-Demürok, N. ; Cengiz, E.I. and Karadede, H. (1997) Karyology of Garra rufa (Cyprinidae) in River Tigris (Turkey). Ninth International Congress of European Ichthyologists (CE19) "Fish Biodiversity". Italy 1997 (Napoli-Trieste). Book of Abstracts. 95P.
37
Varasteh, A., Hossienzadeh, M.M. and Pourkazemi, M. (2002) Karyotyping and number of chromosomes of silver carp (Hypophtalmichthys molitrix). Iranian Scientific Fisheries J. 11(1): 107-114.
38
Vossoughi, G.H. and Mostajeer, B. (2000) Freshwater fish. Tehran University Publications, Tehran, 317P.
39
Zhao, J. ; Lio, L.G. ; Chen, X.L ; Qing, N. and Dong, C.W. (2004) Karyotypic analysis of the multiple tetraploid allogynogenetic pengze crucian carp and its parents. Aquaculture 237: 117-129.
40
Ziegler, C.G. ; Lamatsch, D.K. ; Steinlein, C. ; Engel, W. ; Schartl, M. and Schmid, M. (2003) The giant B chromosome of the cyprinid fish Alburnus alburnus harbours a retrotransposon-derived repetitive DNA sequence. Chromosome Res. 11: 23-35.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Parasites of some bonyfish species from the Boojagh wetland in the southwest shores of the Caspian Sea
The Boojagh international wetland with a surface area of 80 hectares and 25 fish species is located in the southwest shores of the Caspian Sea (Guilan province, Iran), but there is no report about fish parasites in this wetland. In the present study, a total of 553 individuals of 8 fish species including Cyprinus carpio (n=71), Abramis bjoerkna (n=153), Carassius auratus gibelio (n=89), Esox lucius (n=39), Rutilus rutilus caspius (n=36), Rutilus frisii kutum (n=81), Scardinius erythrophthalmus (n=119) and Tinca tinca (n=4), were collected in October 2001 through November 2003. Eight parasite species were identified in the fishes consisting of 1 nematode: Raphidascaris acus (in E. lucius and S. erythrophthalmus); 1 cestode: Caryophyllaeus fimbriceps (in R. rutilus caspius and C. carpio); 2 digenean trematodes: Asymphylodora tincae (in T. tinca) and Diplostomum spathaceum (in all of the fish species except for T. tinca and S. erythrophthalmus); 2 monogenean trematodes: Tetraonchus monenteron (in E. lucius) and Dactylogyrus sp. (in C. carpio, A. bjoerkna and C. auratus gibelio); 1 crustacean: Lernaea cyprinacea (in A. bjoerkna, T. tinca and R. rutilus caspius) and 1 leech : Piscicola sp. (in R. rutilus caspius and C. carpio). The occurrence of R. acus in S. erythrophthalmus and also that of C. fimbriceps in R. rutilus caspius are reported for the first time as new host records.
REFERENCES
Amlacher, E., (1992). Taschenbuch der Fischkrankheiten. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
Bush, A. O., Lafferty, K. D., Lotz, J. M., & Shostak, A. W., (1997). Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. Revisited. Journal of Parasitology, 83: 575-583.
Karanis, P., Taraschewiski, H., (1993). Host-Parasite interface of Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Eucestoda: Caryophyllidae) in three species of fish, Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 371-379.
Kagel, M., Taraschewiski, H., (1993). HostParasite interface of Diplozoon paradoxum (Monogenea) in naturally infected bream, Abramis brama (L.), Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 501-506.
Khara, H., Sattari, M., Nezami, S., Mirhasheminasab, S.F, Mousavi, S.A., (2005). Parasites of some bonyfishes in Amirkelayeh wetland from the southwest of the Caspian Sea, 12th EAFP International Conference on Diseases of Fish and Shelfish, Copenhagen, Denmark
Magurran, A. D., (1996). Ecological diversity and its measurement, Chapman and Hall, London.
Moravec, F., (1994). Parasitic Nematodes of Freshwater Fishes of Europe, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 172-173, 195- 198, 377-380, 396-399.
Sattari, M., (1996). Parasites of some bonyfish species of Anzali wetland from the southwest of the Caspian Sea, Report to the University of Guilan, Iran, pp. 45-50 (In Persian).
Sattari, M., (1999). Parasites of sturgeons (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae) from the southwest of the Caspian Sea [In: Persian], PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Iran, 280 p.
Sattari, M., Khara, H., Nezami, S., Roohi, J.D., Shafii, S. (2005). Occurrence and intensity of some nematodes in the bonyfish species of the Caspian Sea and its Basin, Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25: 166-178.
Stoskopf, M.K., (1993), Fish Medicine, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 52-63
Yamaguti, S., (1961). The nematodes of vertebrate, Part I, II. Systema helmintum III, Interscience publisher, New York, London, 1261 p.
https://cjes.guilan.ac.ir/article_1060_16be2b99e9c365af9a66be92071e1155.pdf
2011-01-01
47
53
Bonyfish
Parasite
Caspian Sea
Boojagh wetland
H.
Khara
1
Dept. of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Sattari
msattari@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources (Guilan University), Sowmehsara, Iran.
AUTHOR
Sh.
Nezami
3
Inland waters Aquaculture Institute, Bandar Anzali, Iran.
AUTHOR
S. F.
Mirhasheminasab
4
Dept. of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran.
AUTHOR
S. A.
Mousavi
5
Dept. of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran.
AUTHOR
M.
Ahmadnezhad
6
Dept. of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan, Iran. *Corresponding author’s E-mail: h_khara1974@yahoo.com
AUTHOR
Amlacher, E., (1992). Taschenbuch der Fischkrankheiten. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.
1
Bush, A. O., Lafferty, K. D., Lotz, J. M., & Shostak, A. W., (1997). Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. Revisited. Journal of Parasitology, 83. 575-583
2
Karanis, P., Taraschewiski, H., (1993). Host-Parasite interface of Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Eucestoda: Caryophyllidae) in three species of fish, Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 371-379
3
Kagel, M., Taraschewiski, H., (1993). Host-Parasite interface of Diplozoon paradoxum (Monogenea) in naturally infected bream, Abramis brama (L.), Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 501-506
4
Khara, H., Sattari, M., Nezami, S.,Mirhasheminasab, S.F, Mousavi, S.A., (2005). Parasites of some bonyfishes in Amirkelayeh wetland from the southwest of the Caspian Sea, 12th EAFP
5
International Conference on Diseases of Fish and Shelfish, Copenhagen, Denmark Magurran, A. D., (1996). Ecological diversity and its measurement, Chapman and Hall, London.
6
Moravec, F., (1994). Parasitic Nematodes of Freshwater Fishes of Europe, Kluwer Academic publishers, pp. 172-173, 195-198, 377-380, 396-399.
7
Sattari, M., (1996). Parasites of some bonyfish species of Anzali wetland from the southwest of the Caspian Sea [In Persian], Report to the University of Guilan, Iran, pp. 45-50.
8
Sattari, M., (1999). Parasites of sturgeons (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae) from the southwest of the Caspian Sea [In: Persian], Ph.D Dissertation, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Iran, 280p.
9
Sattari, M., Khara, H., Nezami, S., Roohi, J.D., Shafii, S. (2005). Occurrence and intensity of some nematodes in the bonyfish species of the Caspian Sea and its Basin, Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 25 (4): 166-178.
10
Stoskopf, M.K., (1993), Fish Medicine, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp: 52-63 Yamaguti, S., 1961. The nematodes of vertebrate, Part I, II. Systema helmintum III, Interscience publisher, New York, London, 1261 pp.
11